Chapter

Closed Windows Onto Morocco’s Past: Leila Kilani’s our Forbidden Places

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Abstract

“The traumas of conflict and war in postcolonial Africa have been widely documented, but less well known are their artistic representations. A number of recent films, novels and other art forms have sought to engage with and overcome postcolonial atrocities and to explore the attempts of reconciliation commissions towards peace, justice and forgiveness. This creativity reflects the memories and social identities of the artists, whilst offering a mirror to African and worldwide audiences coming to terms with a collective memory that is often traumatic in itself. The seeming paradox between creative representation and the reality of horrific events such as genocide presents challenges for the relationship between ethics, poetics and politics. In Art and Trauma in Africa, Lizelle Bisschoff and Stefanie Van de Peer bring together multiple ways of analyzing the ethical responsibility at the heart of an artist’s decision to tackle such controversial and painful subjects. Also, to study trauma, conflict and reconciliation through art in a pan-African context offers new perspectives on a continent that is often misrepresented by the Western media. The inexpressible nature of atrocities that are the crux of how Africa is generally regarded from the outside is challenged with new art forms that in and of themselves question perception and interpretation. African artists are renewing the field of trauma studies through representing the unrepresentable in order to incessantly invigorate insights and theories. Art and Trauma in Africa examines a diverse range of art forms, from hip hop in Nigeria and dance in Angola to Moroccan films and South African literature, taking an original pan-African approach. It is in doing so that this groundbreaking volume will inspire those interested in African history and politics as well as those with an interest in trauma, cultural and artistic studies.”

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Article
This article focusses on Moroccan films that thematize the socially repressive period of authoritarian regime known as the ‘Years of Lead’. The general objective is to determine their rhetorical embodiment as it pertains to the apparatus of state violence and to identify activist possibilities that resonate with the artistic form of cinema. The 18 surveyed films have been chosen from a total census of 367 recorded in the official Moroccan Cinematographic Center’s (Centre Cinématographique Marocain; CCM) catalogue and have been explored by locating their significance in the intersection between rhetoric and collective memory. The methodology has been complemented by conducting semi-structured interviews with fifteen professionals of the world of cinema and literature. The main hypothesis initially assumed that the cinema about the Years of Lead would be rhetorically permutated by the representation of prison life and torture. However, the findings show that films about torture are a minority. The films mostly consider post-prison life, probably in response to the need to overcome the pain and trauma left behind. However, there is little indictment so far of the past regime and there are many under-represented topics, such as the realities of the tortures or the torture tools and methods. The use of symbolic and metaphorical narration is, however, a constant.
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