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Anticancer and Antioxidant Property of Bunium bulbocastanum Fruits Various Fractions
Abstract
Bunium bulbocastanum (family Apiaceae) fruits are normally used as a culinary spice for years. Since antioxidant property has a significant role in preventing oxidative stress, which has been demonstrated to be a major cause in the pathogenesis of cancer, the present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of Bunium bulbocastanum fruit extracts. Standard in vitro antioxidant assays such as reducing power, super oxide scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging and lipid peroxidation were performed. Anticancer activity was demonstrated using MTT assay on human cell lines. Our results indicated that extract of ethyl acetate has more antioxidation potential than the standard (ascorbic acid). Ethyl acetate, aqueous, crude methanolic, n-hexane and chloroform fractions had 31.24, 26.07, 20.67, 15.51 and 5.72% antioxidation potential at 0.5 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, in the screening of anticancer activity MTT assay revealed the potency of ethyl acetate fraction as better anticancer agent concluding the anticancer activity is due to its antioxidant property.
... B. bulbocastanum (BB), also known as Kala jeera, belongs to the Apiaceae family. Its fruit and seeds have long been used as a spice in cooking [8,9]. BB essential oil is abundant in oxygenated monoterpenes, specificallyterpinene, cumin aldehyde, cymene, and limonene, all of which have antibacterial and antioxidant qualities [10,11]. ...
... As a few studies have shown that various parts of the plant possess antioxidant activity, the seeds were extracted with ethanol and subjected to further fractionation. According to a previous study, ethyl acetate and an aqueous fraction of the plant exhibit antiproliferative activity against Hep2, K-562, MCF7, and NIH3T3 cancer cell lines [8]. Preliminary phytochemical studies showed that the ethyl acetate seed fraction contains terpenoids, tannins, and steroids ( Table 2). ...
Several in vitro investigations of the therapeutic characteristics of B. bulbocastanum have shown that it has cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial effects. It also exhibits antioxidant and anticancer effects. When the ethyl acetate fraction of B. bulbocastanum was examined for its phytochemical composition, it was found to be rich in phenolic compounds and had significant cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cell lines. The prostate length-to-weight ratio was significantly higher in vivo in the ethyl acetate fraction-treated group. Compared to the disease control group, his-topathological examination of the ethyl acetate-treated group revealed a reduction in inflammation and malignant lesions, confirming its antiproliferative efficacy. According to serum biochemistry, acid phosphatase and PSA levels in the ethyl acetate fraction treatment group were significantly lower than those in the disease control group. When compared to the disease control group, malondialdehyde levels in the ethyl acetate fraction treatment group were likewise reduced dramatically. However, in the group treated with the ethyl acetate fraction, glutathione levels increased considerably. The ethyl acetate fraction of B. bulbocastanum may have cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential, both in vitro and in vivo.
... Moreover, results of Hazarika and Das [78] suggests that all fractions of B. bulbocastanum extract (aqueous, crude methanolic, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and chloroform) had antioxidation potential with an encouraging finding of percent antioxidation inhibition. ...
... From the investigation of Hazarika and Das [78] using MTT assay, we are able to conclude that aqueous and ethyl acetate extract of B. bulbocastanum fruit has a noteworthy anticancer activity. ...
The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive scientific information
on Talghouda (Bunium fontanesii), the geographical distribution, botanical description, its
chemistry, pharmacological properties of species are stated. As much data on B. fontanesii
was gathered using several scientific search engines as: Google Scholar, Science Direct,
PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science and Scopus. In this review, studies mentioned B.
fontanesii and related synonyms and its phytopharmacological activities were cited, the
data have been classified according to the ethnomedical use, the phytochemistry and the
biological activities of Talghouda. Previous ethnobotanical studies have reported that
Talghouda has been used in many folk medicines, especially in thyroid dysfunction, their
essential oils and seeds are used in foods in the form of bread. Compositional analysis in
different parts of B. fontanesii shows different classes of compounds, including
terpenoids and non-terpenoids, as caryophyllene oxide and caryophyllene, (Z)-farnesene,
germacrene B, spathulenol, nonacosane and palmitic acid. Phenolic compounds, fatty acids
and alkaloids. Polar and non-polar extracts like essential oils have a wide variety of
pharmacological activities, i.e., antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory,
anticancer, enzyme inhibition, antiglycation, phytotoxic activity, hypoglycemic effect,
estrogenic effects activities. This review confirms the important ethnobotanical and
pharmacological potential of Talghouda.
... Moreover, results of Hazarika and Das [78] suggests that all fractions of B. bulbocastanum extract (aqueous, crude methanolic, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and chloroform) had antioxidation potential with an encouraging finding of percent antioxidation inhibition. ...
... From the investigation of Hazarika and Das [78] using MTT assay, we are able to conclude that aqueous and ethyl acetate extract of B. bulbocastanum fruit has a noteworthy anticancer activity. ...
... The antioxidant capabilities, anti-inflammatory activity, antiproliferative, and antiplatelet actions of quercetin can all be ascribed to its anti-atherogenic activity. Antioxidant, anti-artherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, neuroprotective, antibacterial, and antiviral effects have been discovered in it [5] . Quercetin also has GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status. ...
... [10,11] Moreover compound with anticancer agents are reported to have a potent antioxidant property. [12,13] With an intention of discovering a better anticancer agent and antioxidant a series of possible compounds have been prepared on, N 10 acridones by Ulmann's condensation method. ...
Over many centuries, traditional medicines have been used by many countries throughout the world and reflect the vital part of healthcare. The use of traditional medicine has gained popularity in the last few decades and expanded globally. The traditional Indian medicine, Ayurveda being the most ancient yet promoting and supporting extensive research and therapies for various health needs. Bunium bulbocastanum, also known as kala jeera (black cumin), is a member of the Apiaceae family. Its fruit has been used for food for several years, and it can be consumed raw or cooked to add taste. This plant and its derivatives have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-diabetes, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Bunium bulbocastanum is also well known ayurvedic medicinal plant used to treat a variety of ailments including throat infections, cold, fever, and hyperglycemia. The previous studies have also explored that the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the fruit extract of Bunium bulbocastanum have been shown to have anti-cancer activity on lung cancer and cervical cancer cell lines. Recently, traditional herbal medicinal plants and its derivatives have gained importance as they are easily accessible and have less than minimal risk of side effect. There is no review article which explored the potential health benefits of Bunium bulbocastanum. The present review focuses on a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant.
Over the centuries medicinal plants have benefited mankind against different diseases. Advanced Glycation End-products (AGE’s) formation due to non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and aging processes. In this study we investigated the antiglycation and antioxidation potential of different fraction Bunium bulbocastanum fruits. Our results indicated that the chloroform fraction of B. bulbocastanum fruits had more antiglycation ability with a Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of 132.88 μg/ml as compared to the MIC50 of 189.92, 199.08, 202.50 and 261.41 μg/ml of aqueous, crude methanolic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions, respectively. While the results of antioxidation assay showed that Ethyl acetate has more antioxidation potential than the standard (ascorbic acid). Ethyl acetate, aqueous, crude methanolic, n-hexane and chloroform fractions had 31.24, 26.07, 20.67, 15.51 and 5.72% antioxidation potential at 0.5 mg/ml respectively.
Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis and Saroja an interspecific hybrid of Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia (euphorbiaceae) is an unique plant of Tiruchirapalli and Thanjavur districts, Tamilnadu, India. This plant drug was evaluated for its antioxidant and antiarthritic potential employing chemical methods. The plant Material is collected from in and around SASTRA University campus Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, INDIA shade dried coarsely powdered, ethanolic extract prepared, and both extract and fractions containing alkaloids were subjected to antioxidant activity using DPPH assay and biochemical parameters such as, inhibition of protein denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibitory action were evaluated to assess the antiarthritic effect of the selected drug. Ethanol extract and fractions collected revealed 77.7% and 74.8% free radical scavenging effect respectively, even at low concentration as much as 50μg/ml and comparable to the effect of standard (BHT). Extract revealed antiarthritic effect by preventing protein denaturation, increasing membrane stabilization and by proteinase inhibition. Isolated crude alkaloid fraction also showed similar activity. Data generated were compared with standard drug. Further in depth studies on this plant can result in an eco friendly cost effective antiarthritic herbal drug with antioxidant potential contributing towards the better healthcare of human society.
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species and limited antioxidant defences. Endothelium and nitric oxide (NO) are key regulators of vascular health. NO bioavailability is modulated by ROS that degrade NO, uncouple NO synthase, and inhibit synthesis. Cardiovascular risk conditions contribute to oxidative stress, causing an imbalance between NO and ROS, with a relative decrease in NO bioavailability. Dietary flavonoids represent a range of polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in plant foods. Flavonoids are potentially involved in cardiovascular prevention mainly by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing NO bioavailability.
The chemical composition and some antioxidant indices of Alstonia boonei stem-bark extract were evaluated. A. boonei was found to contain important minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were among the phytochemicals detected together with the important vitamin, ascorbic acid. DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content and reducing power were 41.58 ± 1.43 %, 2.09 ± 0.04 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.32 ±± 0.01 respectively. Against the backdrop of the many medicinal uses of the plant, the results of the present work indicate that phytochemicals, other than phenolics, the mineral elements and vitamin C may be the critical factors in the medicinal effects of A. boonei.
In this study antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Sambucus ebulus L. flower was investigated employing various in vitro assay systems, i.e., DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, reducing power, iron ion chelating power and linoleic acid. IC50 for DPPH radical-scavenging activity was 228 +/- 12 microg mL(-1). The extract showed very high activity in the reducing power assay that was comparable with positive control, vitamin C. The extract showed good nitric oxide-scavenging activity (IC50 = 309 +/- 14 microg mL(-1). It was found that antioxidant activity was dose dependent i.e., activity was increased with the increase of their concentrations. The extract showed very weak activity in iron ion chelating (IC50 = 1.3 +/- 0.07 mg mL(-1)). It is showed very good activity in scavenging of hydrogen'peroxide. IC50 for scavenging of extract was 59.5 +/- 3.3 mcirog mL(-1). The extracts exhibited no activity in linoleic acid model. The total phenolic content of flower was 56.3 +/- 2.81 mg gallic acid equivalent g(-1) of extract powder and total flavonoid content was 14.5 +/- 0.72 mg quercetin equivalent g(-1) of extract powder by reference to standard curve.
Free radical production occurs continuously in all cells as part of normal cellular function. However, excess free radical production originating from endogenous or exogenous sources might play a role in many diseases. Antioxidants prevent free radical induced tissue damage by preventing the formation of radicals, scavenging them, or by promoting their decomposition. This article reviews the basic chemistry of free radical formation in the body, the consequences of free radical induced tissue damage, and the function of antioxidant defence systems, with particular reference to the development of atherosclerosis.
The aim of this review, a summary of the putative biological actions of flavonoids, was to obtain a further understanding of the reported beneficial health effects of these substances. Flavonoids occur naturally in fruit, vegetables, and beverages such as tea and wine. Research in the field of flavonoids has increased since the discovery of the French paradox,ie, the low cardiovascular mortality rate observed in Mediterranean populations in association with red wine consumption and a high saturated fat intake. Several other potential beneficial properties of flavonoids have since been ascertained. We review the different groups of known flavonoids, the probable mechanisms by which they act, and the potential clinical applications of these fascinating natural substances.
A convenient way to estimate the number of viable cells growing in microtitre tray wells is to use a colorimetric assay and an automatic microplate scanning spectrophotometer. One such assay, developed by Mosmann, depends on the reduction by living cells of tetrazolium salt, MTT, to form a blue formazan product. However the original technique has several technical limitations, namely a less than optimal sensitivity, a variable background due to protein precipitation on adding an organic solvent to dissolve the blue formazan product, and a low solubility of the product. These problems have been overcome by the following modifications: avoidance of serum in the incubation medium, thus overcoming precipitation problems in the organic solvent; avoidance of phenol red in the incubation medium, thus avoiding the use of acid in the final solvent which altered the spectral properties of the formazan; elimination of the medium containing MTT after the reaction and subsequent use of pure propanol or ethanol to rapidly solubilize the formazan; use of a higher concentration of MTT; use of half-area microtitre trays to increase the spectrophotometer readings from a given amount of formazan; use of a more judicious reference wavelength in a dual wavelength spectrophotometer. With these modifications the reliability and sensitivity of the test have been increased to the point where it can in many cases replace the [3H]thymidine uptake assay to measure cell proliferation or survival in growth factor or cytotoxicity assays. Examples of its use in IL-2 assays are given.
Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring compounds used, e.g., in the treatment of vascular endothelial damage. They are known to be excellent scavengers of oxygen free radicals. Since the nitric oxide radical (.NO) probably plays a role in this pathology, the .NO scavenging capacity of the flavonoids was determined. It was found that the flavonoids are very potent .NO scavengers. The anthocyanidins were found to be more effective scavengers than the hydroxyethylrutosides, which correlated with their therapeutic activity. The values of their scavenging rate constants are only 30 times less active than the very potent endogenous .NO scavenger haemoglobin. It is speculated that .NO scavenging plays a role in the therapeutic effect of the flavonoids.
We characterized the changes in nitric oxide (NO) levels in the brain during global forebrain ischemia and reperfusion and tested the ability of the natural flavonoid, quercetin, and a synthetic flavonoid, FB277, to increase the amount of available NO by elimination of the superoxide radicals produced during reperfusion. In Sprague-Dawley rats, we used a four-vessel occlusion model of forebrain ischemia (15 min) and reperfusion (30 min). Brain NO was measured on samples of cerebral cortex and cerebellum ex vivo by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The spin trap used was diethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt (DETC) associated with ferrous citrate. The complex Fe(DETC)2NO was detected at 77 K as a triplet signal at g = 2.035. Groups of animals were treated with quercetin or FB277 (3-morpholinomethyl-3',4',5,7tetramethoxyflavone) or polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD). In control (intact anesthetized animals), the signal was about 3 times greater in the cortex than in the cerebellum. During ischemia, the signal rose to 110% in cortex (NS) and 283% in cerebellum (P < 0.05). In reperfusion, it fell again to 91% of control in cerebellum (NS) and 35% in cortex (P < 0.05). Treatment by quercetin (5 mg/kg i.v.) of intact and ischemia-reperfusion groups did not significantly change the signal amplitude in the cerebellum, but did double it in the cortex (to 76% of control) for the ischemia-reperfusion group (P < 0.05). In contrast, FB277 (3.75 mg/kg i.v.) did not increase the signal in the cortex during ischemia-reperfusion, but did do so in the cerebellum (to 152% of control, P < 0.05). The results obtained for PEG-SOD (10,000 U/kg i.v.) were similar to those for FB277. In separate in vitro measurements, we found that quercetin but not FB277 efficiently scavenged superoxide. We hypothesize that quercetin but not FB277 scavenged superoxide anions released in the cortex during reperfusion, thus diminishing the amount of NO removed by the formation of peroxynitrite. The lack of effect of PEG-SOD may be related to the need for chronic treatment to obtain protection.
Diabetes is a prevalent systemic disease affecting a significant proportion of the population worldwide. The effects of diabetes are devastating and well documented. There is increasing evidence that in certain pathologic states, especially chronic diseases, the increased production and/or ineffective scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a critical role. High reactivity of ROS determines chemical changes in virtually all cellular components, leading to lipid peroxidation. Production of ROS and disturbed capacity of antioxidant defense in diabetic subjects have been reported. It has been suggested that enhanced production of free radicals and oxidative stress is central event to the development of diabetic complications. This suggestion has been supported by demonstration of increased levels of indicators of oxidative stress in diabetic individuals suffering from complications. Therefore, it seems reasonable that antioxidants can play an important role in the improvement of diabetes. There are many reports on effects of antioxidants in the management of diabetes. In this paper, after complete bibliography and criticizing all relevant articles, the relationships between diabetes and oxidative stress and use of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications have been well reviewed. This review well indicates that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Use of antioxidants reduces oxidative stress and alleviates diabetic complications.
The antioxidant activity of wild Pueraria mirifica collected from 28 of the 76 provinces of Thailand and Pueraria lobata collected from China were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. P. mirifica tuberous extracts showed weak antioxidant activity in comparison with alpha-tocopherol. Six plant samples exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than the mean value of the P. mirifica population. In addition, the mean value of the P. mirifica population indicated significantly lower antioxidant activity than P. lobata. The analysis of the antioxidant activity of isoflavonoids revealed that puerarin and daidzein exhibited the same level of antioxidant activity as alpha-tocopherol. The results showed convincingly that puerarin and daidzein in the plant tubers may play an important role in antioxidant activity. The correlation analysis between antioxidant activity and major isoflavonoid contents of plant tubers indicated a significant correlation only with puerarin and a significant lack of correlation with daidzin, daidzein and genistein.