‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾروس‬ ‫اﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺻﻲ‬ ‫/اﻟﺑطﺎطس‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻼذﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ﺳورﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺳن‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻧور‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﻗل‬ ‫ﺣﺳن‬ ‫ﻧﺻﺎف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ٕ 2 ) ،‫اﻟﻧﺑﺎ

Abstract

33) 1 :(50-54. ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺢ‬ ‫أﺟري‬ ‫آذار‬ ‫ﺷﻬري‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﺗدة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺗر‬ ‫و‬ ‫/ﻣﺎرس‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﯾن‬ ‫ﺗﺷر‬ ‫/ﻧوﻓﻣﺑر‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ 2013 ‫ﻓﯾروس‬ ‫اﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬدف‬ ‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬ ‫/اﻟﺑطﺎطس‬ (Potato virus Y)) PVY ‫ﺟﻧس‬ ، Potyvirus ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ، Potyviridae (‫اﻟﻣزروﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻔﯾروس‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧز‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑر‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﺑﻌض‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ .‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗم‬ 983) ‫اﻧﺗﻘﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓردﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺔ‬ 703 ،‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺔ‬ 280 ‫اﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟزر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ (‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺻول‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻌت‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻛﺷوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻘﻠﯾﺔ‬ 218) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟزر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺔ‬ 190 ،‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺔ‬ 28 ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﺧﯾص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﺗﻣد‬ .(‫ﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺳﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺻﻣﺔ‬ (TBIA). ‫ات‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﯾروس‬ ‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﺻﻠت‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯾﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫طﺑﯾﻌﯾﺎ‬ ً 40.72 % ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻘﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟزر‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾروس‬ ‫اﺟد‬ ‫ﺗو‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ .‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوى‬ 52.63 % ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 25.09 % ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎت‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ .‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﺟل‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟزر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾروس‬ 21.58 % ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ 27.27 % ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎت‬ .‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬ ،‫اﻟﻼذﻗﯾﺔ‬ ،‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫أﻋﺷﺎب‬ ،‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ : PVY. ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻫﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﻣﻲ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫وﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻐذاﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ .‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﺿﺎر‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻬذﻩ‬ 102 ‫ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻧﺳﺎ‬ ً ً ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرب‬ 250 ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫أﻧﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺷر‬ ‫ﻧوﻋﺎ‬ ً ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗل‬ .‫م‬ ‫ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺑﻧدور‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫/اﻟطﻣﺎطم‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺑﻎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﯾﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻼذﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫وﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳور‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏذاﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗدرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣزروﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ 558 ، 192 ، 580 ، 1509 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﻛﺗﺎر‬ ً ‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬) ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 6 .(‫ﯾﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾروس‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬) PVY ‫ﺟﻧس‬ ، Potyvirus ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ، Potyviridae (، ‫اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾروﺳﺎت‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻧو‬ ‫أﺧطر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﻧس‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ Potyvirus ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫اع‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻔﯾروﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬) ‫ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ‬ 11 ، 17 ، 18 ‫ﻣﻣرﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾروس‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ .(ً ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧطﯾر‬ ً ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫/اﻟﺑطﺎطس‬ ‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧدور‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻠﯾﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑر‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺷﺎب‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺻﯾب‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺑﻎ‬ ‫و‬ ً) ‫وﻏﯾرﻫﺎ‬ 10 ، 11 ، 12 ، 15 ، 19 .(‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾروس‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺗﺷر‬ Y ‫ﻧطﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬) ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬ ‫أﻧﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﻊ‬ ‫و‬ 19 (. ‫و‬ ‫ﻋدﯾدة‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻧو‬ ‫ﺑوﺳﺎطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾروس‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺗﻘل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎﺑر‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟطر‬ ‫اﻟﻣن‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺣﺷر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬) ‫ﻟﻠﻔﯾروس‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ 11 ، 15 ، 19 ،(‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﺳﺟل‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ 50 ‫ة‬ ‫ﺣﺷر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧوﻋﺎ‬ ً ‫اﻟﻣن‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾروس‬ ‫ﯾﻧﻘل‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬) 14 (، ‫وﺗﻌ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺣﺷر‬ ّ ‫اق‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺿر‬ Myzus persicae (Sulzer) ‫اﻟﻔﯾروس‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻛﺛرﻫﺎ‬) 13 (. ‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺑب‬ ‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﯾروس‬ Y ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎدﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺳﺎﺋر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻗد‬ ‫ﯾﺻل‬ 80-50 %) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ 8 ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫وﺗﺷﯾر‬ .(‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﯾروس‬ ‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ Y ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑذار‬ ‫ﺑوﺳﺎطﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻧﺗﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺑﻛر‬ ‫وﻗت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺣﺷر‬ ‫ﺑوﺳﺎطﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘد‬ ‫ﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻫم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺑط‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺻول‬) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﯾروس‬ 9 .(‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫أﺷﺎرت‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﯾروس‬ ‫اﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬) ‫ﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳور‬ ‫ﺷﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 7 ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ،() ‫اﻟﺳوري‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺣل‬ 3 ،(‫اﻟﺳوري‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺑﻎ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫم‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﺧرى‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎخ‬ ‫و‬ .‫اﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺧرى‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺷر‬ ‫اﻗل‬ ‫اﻟﻧو‬ ‫وﺗﻛﺎﺛر‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗم‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾروس‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣري‬ ‫ﻣﺻﻠﯾﺎ‬ ً Y ‫اﻧﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺣﻘول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬) ‫اﻟﺳوري‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﺑطﺎطﺎ‬ 2 .(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟزر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل‬ ‫اﻋﺔ‬ ‫زر‬ ‫ﺗداﺧل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻼذﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ‬ ‫اض‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣر‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺷر‬ ‫اﻗل‬ ‫اﻟﻧو‬ ‫اﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻛﺎﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋم‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﻧظر‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾروﺳﯾﺔ‬ ً

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50 دﻠﺟﻣ ،ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا تﺎﺑﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻗو ﺔﻠﺟﻣ33 ددﻋ ،1)2015(
ثوـﺣﺑ)رﺻﺣ:تﺎﺳورﯾﻓ(Research Paper (Survey: Viruses)
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ رﺎﺷﺗﻧا ﻲﺻﻘﺗسطﺎطﺑﻟا/ ياو(PVY) بﺎﺷﻋﻷاو ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ نﻣﺿ
ﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا ﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟاﺔﯾروﺳ ﻲﻓ
ﻲﺑﻠﺣ نﺳﺣ مﺎﺳﺣ دﻣﺣﻣ
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سﺎﺑﻋ اروﻧ ،
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لﻗﺎﻋ نﺳﺣ فﺎﺻﻧ او ٕ
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)1 ،تﺎﺑﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻗو مﺳﻗ (،نﯾرﺷﺗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺔﻋارزﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻛ،ﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟاﺔﯾروﺳﻹا دﯾرﺑﻟا ، :ﻲﻧورﺗﻛﻟwiltspoted@gmail.com) ؛2 ثوﺣﺑﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﺋﯾﻬﻟا (
ﺔﯾروﺳ ،ﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا ثوﺣﺑ زﻛرﻣ ،ﺔﯾﻋارزﻟا.
ﺧﻠﻣﻟاص
نﺳﺣ مﺎﺳﺣ دﻣﺣﻣ ،ﻲﺑﻠﺣسﺎﺑﻋ اروﻧ ، .لﻗﺎﻋ نﺳﺣ فﺎﺻﻧ او ٕ2015 .ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ رﺎﺷﺗﻧا ﻲﺻﻘﺗسطﺎطﺑﻟا/ ياو(PVY) ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ نﻣﺿ
ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷاو ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟاﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا ﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣ ﻲﻓ.ﺔﯾروﺳ ﻲﻓﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا تﺎﺑﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻗو ﺔﻠﺟﻣ ،33)1 :(50-54.
ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻘﺣ ﺢﺳﻣ يرﺟأراذآ يرﻬﺷ نﯾﺑ ةدﺗﻣﻣﻟا ةرﺗﻔﻟا و سرﺎﻣ/ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟا نﯾرﺷﺗرﺑﻣﻓوﻧ/مﺎﻌﻟ2013 سورﯾﻓ رﺎﺷﺗﻧا ﻲﺻﻘﺗ فدﻬﺑﺎطﺎطﺑﻟاياو سطﺎطﺑﻟا/
(Potato virus Y))PVY سﻧﺟ ،Potyvirus ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ،Potyviridae(ﺔﻋورزﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ ضﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ، سورﯾﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻧزﺧﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرﺑﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا ضﻌﺑﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ
.لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟا ﻩذﻬﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟاو ﻊﻣﺟ مﺗ983) ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻘﺗﻧا ﺔﯾدرﻓ ﺔﻧﯾﻋ703 ،ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ نﻣ ﺔﻧﯾﻋ280 تﺎﻋارزﻟا ﻲﻓ كﻟذو (لوﺻﺣﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا نﻣ ﺔﻧﯾﻋ
تﻌﻣﺟ ﺎﻣﻛ ،ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣﻟا218) ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا نﻣ ﺔﻧﯾﻋ190 ،ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ نﻣ ﺔﻧﯾﻋ28ارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا نﻣ ﺔﻧﯾﻋ صﯾﺧﺷﺗﻟا ﻲﻓ دﻣﺗﻋا .(ﺔﻘﻓ
رﺎﺑﺗﺧا ﻲﻋﺎﻧﻣﻟا ﺞﯾﺳﻧﻟا ﺔﻣﺻﺑ(TBIA).تارﺎﺑﺗﺧﻻا ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ تﻧﯾﺑﻣﻟاﺔﯾﻠﺻرﺎﺷﺗﻧا سورﯾﻓﺎطﺎطﺑﻟاياو ﻰﻟإ تﻠﺻو ﺔﺑﺳﻧﺑ ةرﺑﺗﺧﻣﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟا نﻣﺿ ﺎﯾﻌﯾﺑط ً40.72% ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻋ ﻲﻓ سورﯾﻔﻟا دﺟاوﺗ ﺔﺑﺳﻧ تﻐﻠﺑ .ﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣﻟا ىوﺗﺳﻣ52.63% و ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ25.09% ﻰﻠﻋ تﺎﻧﯾﻋ ﺎﻣأ .ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا
لﺟﺳ دﻘﻓ ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا ﻲﻓدوﺟو ﺔﺑﺳﻧﺑ سورﯾﻔﻟا21.58%ﻲﻓ تﺎﻧﯾﻋ و ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ27.27%ﻲﻓ تﺎﻧﯾﻋ.ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا
ﺔﯾﺣﺎﺗﻔﻣ تﺎﻣﻠﻛ ،ﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا ،ﺔﻘﻓارﻣ بﺎﺷﻋأ ،ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا :PVY.
ﻟاﺔﻣدﻘﻣ
ةرﯾﺑﻛ ﺔﯾدﺎﺻﺗﻗا ﺔﯾﻣﻫأ تاذ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺑﻧ رﺑﺗﻌﺗﯾ ﺎﻬﯾﻟإ ﻲﻣﺗﻧ
ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﺔﻧﯾزﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺑﻧو ﺔﯾﺑطﻟاو ﺔﯾﻋﺎﻧﺻﻟاو ﺔﯾﺋاذﻐﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟا نﻣ دﯾدﻌﻟا
.ةرﺎﺿﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا ﻰﻟإﯾﻲﻣﺗﻧﻟ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا ﻩذﻬ102 ﺎﯾﺗﺎﺑﻧ ﺎﺳﻧﺟ ً ً و ﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﺑﺗﯾ
برﺎﻘﯾ250ﻟﺎﻌﻟا ءﺎﺣﻧأ ﻊﯾﻣﺟ ﻲﻓ ةرﺷﺗﻧﻣ ﺎﻋوﻧ ًﺑﺎﺗﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟا لﺗﺣﺗ .م ﺔﻌ
ةرودﻧﺑﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻠﻟمطﺎﻣطﻟا/أ ﻎﺑﺗﻟاو نﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟاو ﺔﻠﻔﯾﻠﻔﻟاو ﺔﯾﻣﻫ
ﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا ﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣ ﻲﻓ صﺎﺧ لﻛﺷﺑو ﺔﯾروﺳ ﻲﻓ ةرﯾﺑﻛ ﺔﯾدﺎﺻﺗﻗاو ﺔﯾﺋاذﻏ
ﺎﻫردﻗ ﺔﻋورزﻣ ﺔﺣﺎﺳﻣﺑ558 ،192 ،580 ،1509 ارﺎﺗﻛﻫ ً ﻩذﻬﻟ
،لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟا) ﻲﻟاوﺗﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ6.(ﻌﯾدﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ ياو)PVY سﻧﺟ ،
Potyvirus ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ،Potyviridae(، ﺔﯾﺗﺎﺑﻧﻟا تﺎﺳورﯾﻔﻟا عاوﻧأ رطﺧأ نﻣ
سﻧﺟﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺗﻟاPotyvirus و ﻲﺗﻟاﯾﻪﯾﻟإ ﻲﻣﺗﻧنﻣ رﯾﺑﻛ ددﻋﻷا عاوﻧ
ﻟا ﺔﯾﺳورﯾﻔﻟا) ﺔﯾﺗﺎﺑﻧ11 ،17 ،18 ﺎﺿرﻣﻣ سورﯾﻔﻟا اذﻫ دﻌﯾ ﺎﻣﻛ .( ً ارﯾطﺧ ً
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺑﻧ ﻰﻠﻋسطﺎطﺑﻟا/ﻔﻟاو ةرودﻧﺑﻟاو ﺔﻠﻔﯾﻠ
ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا ﻊﺑﺗﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾرﺑﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا ﺎﺿﯾأ بﯾﺻﯾ ﺎﻣﻛ ﻎﺑﺗﻟاو ً
) ﺎﻫرﯾﻏو10 ،11 ،12 ،15 ،19.( ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ رﺷﺗﻧﯾY قﺎطﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ
) مﻟﺎﻌﻟا ءﺎﺣﻧأ ﻊﯾﻣﺟ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺳاو19( . و ةدﯾدﻋ عاوﻧأ ﺔطﺎﺳوﺑ سورﯾﻔﻟا لﻘﺗﻧﯾ
ﻲﺗﻟاو ةرﺑﺎﺛﻣﻟا رﯾﻏ ﺔﻘﯾرطﻟﺎﺑ نﻣﻟا تارﺷﺣ نﻣفﻠﺗﺧﺗﻧﯾﺑ ﺎﻣﯾﻓ ﺔﯾﻟﺎﻌﻔﺑ ﺎﻬ
) سورﯾﻔﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻧ11 ،15 ،19،( نﻣ رﺛﻛأ لﺟﺳ ثﯾﺣ50 ةرﺷﺣ نﻣ ﺎﻋوﻧ ً
نﻣﻟا ّ ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ لﻘﻧﯾ ياو)14(،ﻌﺗود نﻣ ةرﺷﺣ ّقاردﻟا رﺿﺧﻷا
Myzus persicae (Sulzer)سورﯾﻔﻟا لﻘﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻫرﺛﻛأ)13( .
ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا بﺑﺳﺗ ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻔﺑY نأ نﻛﻣﯾ ثﯾﺣ ،ﺔﻠﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺣدﺎﻓ رﺋﺎﺳﺧ
ﻰﻟإ دﻗﺎﻔﻟا لﺻﯾ80-50%) لوﺻﺣﻣﻟا ﺔﻠﻏ نﻣ8 ﻰﻟإ تﺎﺳاردﻟا رﯾﺷﺗو .(
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻔﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا نأY ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻣﻟا راذﺑﻟا ﺔطﺎﺳوﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﻧﻼﻟ ﺔﺟﯾﺗﻧ
لوﺻﺣﻣﻟا رﻣﻋ نﻣ رﻛﺑﻣ تﻗو ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻗﺎﻧﻟا نﻣﻟا ةرﺷﺣ ﺔطﺎﺳوﺑ وأﻲﻫ
ﺔﻠﻏ ﻲﻓ دﻘﻔﻟا لوﺻﺣ ﻲﻓ مﻫﻷا لﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺎﺑ طﺑﺗرﻣﻟا لوﺻﺣﻣﻟا
) سورﯾﻔﻟﺎﺑ9.( ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا لوﻘﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻘﺣﻟا ﺢﺳﻣﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ ترﺎﺷأﺑﺎﺳﻟا ﺔﻘ
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻔﻟ ﻊﺳاوﻟا رﺎﺷﺗﻧﻻا ﻰﻟإ ياو) ﺔﯾروﺳ لﺎﻣﺷ ﻲﻓ7 ﻲﻓو ،(
) يروﺳﻟا لﺣﺎﺳﻟا3 ،( يروﺳﻟا لﺣﺎﺳﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻎﺑﺗﻟا لوﺻﺣﻣ مﻫﺎﺳ ﺎﻣﺑرو
ﺔﻬﺟ نﻣ ىرﺧﻷا ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ مﺋﻼﻣﻟا خﺎﻧﻣﻟاو
.رﺎﺷﺗﻧﻻا اذﻫ ﻲﻓ ىرﺧأ ﺔﻬﺟ نﻣ ﺔﯾرﺷﺣﻟا لﻗاوﻧﻟا رﺛﺎﻛﺗو رﺎﺷﺗﻧﻻ و مﺗ دﻗ
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ تﻻﻼﺳ ضﻌﺑ نﻋ يرﺣﺗﻟا ﺎﯾﻠﺻﻣ ًY جﺎﺗﻧا لوﻘﺣ ﻲﻓ
) يروﺳﻟا لﺣﺎﺳﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺎﻌطﻟا ﺎطﺎطﺑ2.(
ﻲﻓ ةرﯾﻐﺻﻟا ﺔﯾﻋارزﻟا تازﺎﯾﺣﻟا ﻲﻓ لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟا ﺔﻋارز لﺧادﺗ نإ
ﺎﻧﻣﻟاو ﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا ﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣ ضارﻣﻸﻟ ﺔﯾرﺷﺣﻟا لﻗاوﻧﻟا رﺎﺷﺗﻧاو رﺛﺎﻛﺗﻟ مﺋﻼﻣﻟا خ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺑﻧ ﺔﯾﻣﻫﻷ ارظﻧو ﺔﻬﺟ نﻣ ﺔﯾﺳورﯾﻔﻟا ً

51 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 33, No. 1 (2015)
سورﯾﻓ رﺎﺷﺗﻧﻻ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﻟا ﻊﺿوﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ فوﻗوﻠﻟو ﻲﻣﻟﺎﻌﻟاو ﻲﻠﺣﻣﻟا نﯾدﯾﻌﺻﻟا
ﺔﻧزﺧﻣﻟاو ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷاو ﺔﯾﻟوﺻﺣﻣﻟا ﻪﻠﺋاوﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا ياو
سورﯾﻔﻠﻟ ﻰﻟإ ثﺣﺑﻟا فدﻫ دﻘﻓ ،ىرﺧأ ﺔﻬﺟ نﻣنﻋ يرﺣﺗﻟارﺎﺷﺗﻧا سورﯾﻓ
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا ياوﻰﻠﻋضﻌﺑﺔﻋورزﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻲﻓ
ﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا ونﻋ يرﺣﺗﻟابﺎﺷﻋﻷاﺔﯾرﺑﻟاﺔﻧزﺧﻣﻟاسورﯾﻔﻠﻟ وﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا
لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟا ﻩذﻬﻟ ودﯾدﺣﺗبﺳﻧﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹاسورﯾﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻘﻓو ًلﺋﺎﻌﻠﻟاﻲﺗﺎﺑﻧﻟ.
داوﻣثﺣﺑﻟا وﻪﻘﺋارط
تﻻوﺟﻟاﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣﻟاﻊﻣﺟوتﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟا
تﻧﻣﺿﺗﺔﺳاردﻟامﺎﯾﻘﻟاةدﻌﺑتﻻوﺟﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣلﻼﺧرﻬﺷﻷاةدﺗﻣﻣﻟاﻣن
راذآسرﺎﻣ/ﻰﻟإنﯾرﺷﺗﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟارﺑﻣﻓوﻧ/مﺎﻌﻠﻟ2013ﻲﻓقطﺎﻧﻣﻟاﺳﯾﺋرﻟاﯾﺔ
ﺔﻋارزﻟلﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟاﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا)ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟاﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟاو(ﻲﻓﺎﺣﻣﺔظﻓ
ﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟامﺗﺎﻬﻟﻼﺧﻊﻣﺟددﻋنﻣتﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟاﺔﯾﺗﺎﺑﻧﻟانﻣتﺎﺗﺎﺑﻧﺋﺎﻌﻟاﺔﻠ
ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟابﺎﺷﻋﻷاوﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟالﻣﺣﺗ ﺎﺿارﻋأ ًﺔﯾرﻫﺎظﺔﻬﯾﺑﺷﻋﺄﺑضار
ﻹاتﺎﺑﺎﺻﺔﯾﺳورﯾﻔﻟاوأرﯾﻏﺔﻠﻣﺎﺣﺔﯾﻷضارﻋأﺔﯾرﻫﺎظ .ﻎﻠﺑددﻋ
تﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟاﺔﯾﺗﺎﺑﻧﻟا983ﺔﻧﯾﻋﺔﯾدرﻓﺔﯾﺋﺎﻘﺗﻧا)703ﺔﻧﯾﻋنﻣلﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا
،ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا280ﺔﻧﯾﻋنﻣبﺎﺷﻋﻷاﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟالوﺻﺣﻣﻠﻟ (كﻟذوﻲﻓ
تﺎﻋارزﻟاﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣﻟا،ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟاﺎﻣﻛتﻌﻣﺟ218ﺔﻧﯾﻋنﻣتﺎﻋارزﻟاﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا
)190ﺔﻧﯾﻋنﻣلﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا،ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا28ﺔﻧﯾﻋنﻣبﺎﺷﻋﻷا
ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا() نﯾﻟودﺟﻟا1 و2 ﺎﻬﻌﻣﺟ مﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﺗﺎﺑﻧﻟا عاوﻧﻷا نﺎﺣﺿوﯾ (
ﺎﻬﻌﻣﺟ نﻛﺎﻣأو ﺎﻫدادﻋأو.
رﺎﺑﺗﺧﻻامدﺧﺗﺳﻣﻟاﻲﻓﺔﺳاردﻟا
يرﺟأرﺎﺑﺗﺧاﺔﻣﺻﺑﺞﯾﺳﻧﻟا) ﻲﻋﺎﻧﻣﻟاTBIA(ﻰﻠﻋقروزوﻠﻠﯾﻠﯾﺳﻟا
) ترﺗﻧﻣﻟاNCM(Nitrocellulose membraneاذبوﻘﺛﻟا0.2نورﻛﯾﻣ
وﻫونﻣجﺎﺗﻧاﺔﻛرﺷBio-Blotﺔﯾدﻧﻛﻟامادﺧﺗﺳﺎﺑمﺎﺳﺟأةدﺎﺿﻣةددﻌﺗﻣ
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻔﻟ تﺎﻧوﻠﻛﻟاYنﻣجﺎﺗﻧإﺔﻛرﺷ®PlantPrint،ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺑﺳﻹا
قﻓوﺎﻣوﻫلﯾﻋﺎﻣﺳإ لﺑﻗ نﻣ فوﺻوﻣ)1.(
ﺔﺷﻗﺎﻧﻣﻟاو ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧﻟا
ضارﻣﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻬﯾﺑﺷ ﺔﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣ ضارﻋأ رﺎﺷﺗﻧا ﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣﻟا تﻻوﺟﻟا لﻼﺧ ظﺣوﻟ
فﻠﺗﺧﻣ ﻰﻠﻋو ﺎﻬﺗرﺎﯾز تﻣﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا لوﻘﺣﻟا ﻊﯾﻣﺟ ﻲﻓ كﻟذو ﺔﯾﺳورﯾﻔﻟا
ﺗ ،نﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑ ،ﺔﻠﻔﯾﻠﻓ ،مطﺎﻣط/ةرودﻧﺑ) ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟاﺑ ،ﻎ
ﻩذﻫ تﻧﻣﺿﺗ (ﺎطﺎطﺑ ،ﺔﻠﻔﯾﻠﻓ ،ةرودﻧﺑ) ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟاو (سطﺎطﺑ/ﺎطﺎطﺑ
ﻟا مزﺣﺗ ،قورﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻔﺷ ،شﻗرﺑﺗﻟا ،كﯾﯾازوﻣﻟا ضارﻋﻷاﻟا ،قورﻌ ﻊﻘﺑ ،مزﻘﺗ
ﺔﯾﻘﻠﺣ ﺔﺗوﺎﻣﺗﻣ ﺔﯾرﺑﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا نﻣ ةرﯾﺑﻛ ﺔﻋوﻣﺟﻣ رﺎﺷﺗﻧا ظﺣوﻟ ﺎﻣﻛ ،
.ﺔﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣ ﺔﯾﺗﺎﺑﻧ تﻼﺋﺎﻋو عاوﻧﻷ ةدﺋﺎﻌﻟاو لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا
لوﺪﺟ1 . رﺎﺒﺘﺧا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺞﯿﺴﻨﻟا ﺔﻤﺼﺑﻲ(TBIA) مﺎﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ ﺔﯿﻗذﻼﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖطﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﯿﻧﺎﺠﻧذﺎﺒﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟ2013.
Table 1. Results of TBIA tests conducted on Solanaceous crops collected from different locations in Latakia during 2013.
لﻮﺼﺤﻤﻟاSolanaceous crop
ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻂﻤﻧType
تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا دﺪﻋ
ةﺮﺒﺘﺨﻤﻟا
No. of tested
samples
ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا
PVY infected samples
دﺪﻌﻟا
Numbers
ﺔﯾﻮﺌﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟا
Percentage
ةروﺪﻨﺑSolanum lycopersicum L.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
133
45
33.83
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
170
38
22.35
ﺔﻠﻔﯿﻠﻓCapsicum annuum L.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
103
34
33.01
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
5
0
0.00
نﺎﺠﻧذﺎﺑSolanum melongena L.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
72
0
0.00
ﻎﺒﺗNicotiana sp.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
389
285
73.26
ﺎطﺎﻄﺑSolanum tuberosum L.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
6
6
100.00
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
15
3
20.00
عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟاTotal
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
703
370
52.63
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
190
41
21.58

52 دﻠﺟﻣ ،ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا تﺎﺑﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻗو ﺔﻠﺟﻣ33 ددﻋ ،1)2015(
لوﺪﺟ2 . ﺔﻤﺼﺑ رﺎﺒﺘﺧا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧﻟا ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺞﯿﺴﻨ(TBIA) ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖطﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﯿﻧﺎﺠﻧذﺎﺒﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﻘﻓاﺮﻤﻟا بﺎﺸﻋﻷا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟ
مﺎﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ ﺔﯿﻗذﻼﻟا2013
Table 2. Results of TBIA tests conducted on associated weeds collected from different locations in Latakia during 2013.
ﺐﺸﻌﻟا ﻢﺳاWeed
ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟاFamily
ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻂﻤﻧType
تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا دﺪﻋ
ةﺮﺒﺘﺨﻤﻟا
No. of
tested
samples
ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا
PVY infected samples
دﺪﻌﻟا
Numbers
ﺔﯾﻮﺌﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟا
Percentage
ةزﺎﺒﺧMalva sp.
Malvaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
13
3
23.07
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
12
9
75.00
لاﺰﻐﻟا ﻚﻠﻋSonchus sp.
Asteraceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
26
0
0.00
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
9
0
0.00
نﻮﯿطInula viscosa L.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
8
0
0.00
ﻂﯿﺒﺸﻟاXanthium strumarium L.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
33
4
12.12
ﺎﺳﻮﻛCucurbita pepo L.
Cucurbitaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
3
0
0.00
ﻚﯾﺪﻟا فﺮﻋAmaranthus sp.
Amaranthaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
123
33
26.83
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
7
0
0.00
ﺐﺋﺬﻟا ﺐﻨﻋSolanum nigrum L.
Solanaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
4
4
100.00
ةداﺪﻣConvolvolus arvensis L.
Convolvulaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
10
0
0.00
ﺔﻠﻘﺑPortulaca oleracea L.
Portulacaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
36
18
50.00
ﺮﯿﺒﻜﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﻟا نﺎﺴﻟPlantago major L.
Plantaginaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
3
0
0.00
لﻮﻔﻟاVicia faba L.
Fabaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
3
0
0.00
Visia sp.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
3
0
0.00
قﻮﻗﺪﻨﺤﻟاMelilotus sp.
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
3
3
100.00
ﺐﻠﻌﺜﻟا ﻞﯾذ
Alopecurus moysuroides Huds.
Poaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
3
0
0.00
Merculialis sp.
Euphorbiaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
5
0
0.00
يراﺪﺠﻟا ماﺮﻣﺮﻟا
Chenopodium murale L.
Chenopodiaceae
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
4
4
100.00
عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟاTotal
فﻮﺸﻜﻣField
275
69
25.09
ﻲﻤﺤﻣGreenhouse
28
9
27.27
رﺎﺷﺗﻧا ﻩﻼﻋأ ﺔﻋوﻣﺟﻣﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻌﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﺻﻣﻟا رﺎﺑﺗﺧﻻا ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ تﻧﯾﺑ
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ ياوﺔﺳاردﻟا ﺔﻘطﻧﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﯾﻌﯾﺑط ً نﻣﺿﺻﺎﺣﻣﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻋ لﯾ
ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟاو ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷاوﻰﻟإ تﻠﺻو ﺔﺑﺳﻧﺑ ةرﺑﺗﺧﻣﻟا
40.72% ﺔﺑﺳﻧ تﻐﻠﺑ .ﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣﻟا ىوﺗﺳﻣ ﻰﻠﻋدوﺟوﻧﯾﻋ ﻲﻓ سورﯾﻔﻟا تﺎ
ﺔﯾﻠﻘﺣﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا52.63%و ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ25.09%
ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﻣأ .ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ، لﺟﺳ دﻘﻓدوﺟو
سورﯾﻔﻟاةرﺑﺗﺧﻣﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟا نﻣﺿ ﺔﺑﺳﻧﺑ21.58% ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
و ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟا27.27%ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ.دوﻌﯾ ﺎﻣﺑرﻓ بﺑﺳﻟا ﻲ
ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا ﺔﻋارزﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻋ نﻣﺿ سورﯾﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا ﺔﺑﺳﻧ ضﺎﻔﺧﻧا
تﺎﻋارزﻟا ﻲﻓ لﯾﺻﺎﺣﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا ﺔﺣﻓﺎﻛﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟﺎﺑ
ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا سﻛﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫدوﺟو ةردﻧو ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا. زﻌﯾىﺷﺗﻧﻻا رﺎ
ﺎﺳﻟا ﺔﻘطﻧﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻎﺑﺗﻟا ﺔﻋارزﻟ ﻊﺳاوﻟا رﺎﺷﺗﻧﻻا ﻰﻟإ سورﯾﻔﻠﻟ ﻊﺳاوﻟاﺣ ﺔﯾﻠ
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻔﻟ ﻼﺿﻔ ﻣ ﻼﺋﺎﻋ رﺑﺗﻌﯾ يذﻟاو دوﻘﻋ ذﻧﻣ ً ُ ً ياو)4 ،16.(
لوﺻﺣﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ سورﯾﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻإ ﺔﺑﺳﻧ ﻰﻠﻋأ تﻠﺟﺳﺎطﺎطﺑﻟاﺣ ثﯾ
ةرﺑﺗﺧﻣﻟا ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟا ﺔﻋارزﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻋ ﻊﯾﻣﺟ ﻲﻓ سورﯾﻔﻟا نﻋ فﺷﻛﻟا مﺗ
)لودﺟ1 ﻰﻟإ تﻠﺻو ﺔﺑﺎﺻإ ﺔﺑﺳﻧ تﻠﺟﺳ نﯾﺣ ﻲﻓ ،(100% تﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟا نﻣ
بﺋذﻟا بﻧﻋ ﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟا بﺎﺷﻋﻷا نﻣ لﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ةرﺑﺗﺧﻣﻟا(Solanum
nigrum L.) قوﻗدﻧﺣﻟا ،Melilotus sp. يرادﺟﻟا مارﻣرﻟاو ،
(Chenopodium murale L.)) لودﺟ2.( قﻔﺗﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ ﻊﻣ ﺔﺳاردﻟا ﻩذﻫ

53 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 33, No. 1 (2015)
ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا سورﯾﻓ رﺎﺷﺗﻧا ﻰﻟإ ترﺎﺷأ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ تﺎﺳارد ياوﻠﻋﻰ ﺔﻠﻔﯾﻠﻔﻟا
)5(،ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟا)2 ،3) يروﺳﻟا لﺣﺎﺳﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻎﺑﺗﻟا ﻰﻠﻋو ،(4.(
ﻲﻓ سورﯾﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ ﺔﺑﺳﻧ ﻰﻠﻋأ تﻠﺟﺳﺔطﯾﺣﻣﻟا لوﻘﺣﻟاﺑ ﺔﻘطﻧﻣ
ﺔﺑﺳﻧﺑ ﺔﻠﺑﺟ ﻲﻓ ﻎﺑﺗﻟا نﯾزﺧﺗ100%ﻲﻓ نﻣ ةذوﺧﺄﻣﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا
ﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟا) لودﺟ3 ةرﺑﺗﺧﻣﻟا تﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟا ﻊﯾﻣﺟ ﻲﻓ نﯾﻌﻟا سأر ﺔﻘطﻧﻣ ﻲﻓو ،(
ﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟا تﺎﻋارزﻟا نﻣ) لودﺟ4 ﻰﻟإ كﻟذ دوﻌﯾ ﺎﻣﺑرو ( تارﺷﺣ رﺎﺷﺗﻧا
ﻠﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻗﺎﻧﻟا نﻣﻟاﺎﺗ.نﯾﺗﻘطﻧﻣﻟا
ﺞﺗﻧﺗﺳﻧﺎﻣﻣقﺑﺳرﺎﺷﺗﻧاسورﯾﻓﺎطﺎطﺑﻟاYﻰﻠﻋتﺎﺗﺎﺑﻧﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا
ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟاضﻌﺑوبﺎﺷﻋﻷاﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟابﺳﻧﺑﺔﺗوﺎﻔﺗﻣﻲﻓمظﻌﻣﻣقطﺎﻧ
ﻊﻣﺟتﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟاﺔﯾﻣﺣﻣﻟاﺔﻓوﺷﻛﻣﻟاوﺔﻌﺑﺎﺗﻟاﺔظﻓﺎﺣﻣﻟﺔﯾﻗذﻼﻟا .نﺎﻛﻣلوﺻﺣ
ﺎطﺎطﺑﻟاﻰﻠﻋﻷاإﺔﺑﺎﺻ،سورﯾﻔﻟﺎﺑﻲﻓنﯾﺣتﻠﺟﺳﺔﺑﺳﻧﺔﺑﺎﺻإ وتﻠﺻ
ﻰﻟإ100%نﻣتﺎﻧﯾﻌﻟاةرﺑﺗﺧﻣﻟاﻰﻠﻋلﻛنﻣبﺎﺷﻋﻷاﺔﻘﻓارﻣﻟاﺗﻟاﺔﯾﻟﺎ :
بﻧﻋ،بﺋذﻟاقوﻗدﻧﺣﻟاMelilotus sp.،مارﻣرﻟاويرادﺟﻟا.
ﺢﺻﻧﻧوةدﺎﻋﺈﺑﺢﺳﻣﻟاﻲﻠﻘﺣﻟافﯾﺻوﺗﻟتﻻزﻋسورﯾﻔﻟاﺑمادﺧﺗﺳﺎ
تﺎﯾﻧﻘﺗﯾﺟوﻟوﯾﺑﻟاﺎﺔﯾﺋﯾزﺟﻟاوصﻠﺧﺗﻟانﻣبﺎﺷﻋﻷاﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟاﻟﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺ
سورﯾﻔﻟﺎﺑﻲﻓلوﻘﺣتﺎﺗﺎﺑﻧﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟاﺔﯾﻧﺎﺟﻧذﺎﺑﻟاﺎﻫراوﺟو.
لوﺪﺟ3 . مﺎﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ ﺔﯿﻗذﻼﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻖطﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻓﻮﺸﻜﻤﻟا تﺎﻋارﺰﻟا ﻲﻓ ياو ﺎطﺎﻄﺒﻟا سوﺮﯿﻔﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا ﺐﺴﻧ2013
Table 3. PVY incidence (%) in field crops in different locations in Latakia during 2013.
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﺳاArea
ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا دﺪﻋ
Total samples
ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا دﺪﻋ
No. of PVY infected
samples
% ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا ﺔﺒﺴﻧ
PVY infection%
ﻦﯿﻌﻟا سأرRaas Al-Ein
16
0
0.00
نﻮﺼﯾﺮﺣHreisoon
39
12
30.77
ﺮﯿﺷاﺮﺸﻟاAl-Sharasheer
13
0
0.00
ﺔﺴﯿﺒﻘﻟاAl-Qubisah
32
4
12.50
ﻦﯾﺮﻏزZegrin
175
133
76.00
ﺔﯿﻜﺳﺮﺴﻟاAl-Sursekiah
163
24
14.72
ﻞﯾﺪﻨﻗ يداوWadi Qundil
136
39
28.68
ﺔﯾﺪﯿﻌﻟاAl-Eidiah
59
47
79.66
ﻎﺒﺘﻟا ﻦﯾﺰﺨﺗTakzin
31
31
100.00
ﺔﺒﯿﻘﻌﻟاAl-Oqaibah
65
55
84.62
ﺰﯾﻮﺤﻟاAl-Hwaiz
66
42
63.64
ﻢﯿﻤﯿﻤﺣHmaimeem
48
1
2.08
ﻦﯿﺴﯿﺴﺑBsaiseen
12
4
33.33
ﻲﻏاﺮﺸﺑBeshraghy
17
5
29.41
ﺔﺒﻟﺪﻟا ﻦﯿﻋEin Al-Delbeh
27
10
37.03
ةﺮﺘﯿﺴﻤﻟا فﺮﺣHarf Al-Msetra
25
19
76.00
ﺔﻠﺒﺟ ﺮﺑﻮﻨﺻSnoubar Jableh
19
0
0.00
ﺔﯾﺮﻄﻘﻟاAl-Qutriah
40
13
32.50
عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟاTotal
983
439
44.66
لوﺪﺟ4 .لﻼﺧ ﺔﯿﻗذﻼﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻖطﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﯿﻤﺤﻤﻟا تﺎﻋارﺰﻟا ﻲﻓ ياو ﺎطﺎﻄﺒﻟا سوﺮﯿﻔﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا ﺐﺴﻧ مﺎﻋ2013
Table 4. PVY incidence (%) in greenhouse crops at different locations in Latakia during 2013.
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﺳاArea
ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا دﺪﻋ
Total samples
ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا دﺪﻋ
No. of PVY infected
samples
ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا ﺔﺒﺴﻧ%
PVY infection%
نﻮﺼﯾﺮﺣHreisoon
27
4
14.81
ﺮﯿﺷاﺮﺸﻟاAl-Sharasheer
63
13
20.63
ﻢﯿﻤﯿﻤﺣHmaimeem
8
0
0.00
ﺎﺷﺎﺒﻟا نﺎﺘﺴﺑBustan Al-Basha
21
0
0.00
ﺔﻠﺒﺟ ﺮﺑﻮﻨﺻSnoubar Jableh
69
3
4.35
ﻦﯿﻌﻟا سأرRaas Al-Ein
30
30
100.00
عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟاTotal
218
50
22.94

54 دﻠﺟﻣ ،ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا تﺎﺑﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻗو ﺔﻠﺟﻣ33 ددﻋ ،1)2015(
Abstract
Halabi, M.H.H., N. Abbas and E. Hasan Akel. 2015. Detection and distribution of Potato virus Y on solanaceous crops
and associated weeds in Latakia Province in Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 33(1): 50-54.
A survey of Potato virusY (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) on some solanaceous crops and associated weeds was conducted
between March and November 2013. In this survey, 983 field samples (703 solanaceous crops, 280 associated weeds), and 218 greenhouse
samples (190 solanaceous crops, 28 associated weeds) were collected. Tissue blot immune-binding assay (TBIA) was used to detect PVY in
infected plant samples. TBIA results showed that the natural infection of PVY in Lattakia by 40.72%. The infection rate intested symptomatic
samples was 52.63% in solanaceous field crops and 25.09% in associated weeds, and 21.58% in solanaceous greenhouse crops and 27.27% in
associated weeds.
Keywords: Solanaceous crops, Lattakia, PVY, weeds.
Corresponding author: Mohamad Hussam Hasan Halabi, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriuclture, Tishreen University,
Lattakia, Syria, Email: wiltspoted@gmail.com
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:مﻼﺗﺳﻻا ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ21/4/2014 :رﺷﻧﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻓاوﻣﻟا ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ ؛17/9/2014
Received: April 21, 2014; Accepted: September 17, 2014