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Use of multivariable data analysis in unravelling the metabolic differences between two varieties of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla).
Abstract
Terpenoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids are examples of some secondary metabolites responsible in how plants interact with their environment. These compounds present a wide diversity of structures and functional groups, which imply several biological activities. The metabolic pathways which control its biogenesis could be easily modified by ambient conditions. The implementations of new reactions in the synthetic cascades result in novel molecules. New secondary metabolites allow a better response for the plant under different growing conditions. Therefore, measuring metabolic differences between two endemic plant varieties is a useful strategy to understand better the environmental adaptation of some species. Additionally, beyond its interest for phytochemical studies, this approach can be used in new drugs discovery.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) has historically been one of the most widespread used medicinal plants due to the richness in therapeutically active compounds. The dried flowers of chamomile contain many terpenoids and flavonoids some of them with antioxidant, neuro-protective, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anticancer activities.
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A chemical examination of the extractives of the leaves of sainfoin was undertaken as part of a programme directed at understanding the factors which may contribute to its nutritive value as animal feed. Among the low molecular weight phenolic compounds characterized were seven cinnamic acid derivatives and nine flavonoid glycosides all of which were identified by NMR spectroscopy. Included among these compounds were two new natural hydroxycinnamic esters namely methyl 6-O-p-trans-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and methyl 6-O-p-cis-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and a novel flavonoid chrysoeriol-4′-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside.
Liquid chromatography-electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/TOF/MS) and a novel NMR technique, developed to maximise the sensitivity obtained from the standard NMR spectrometer, have been applied to the identification of the phenolic constituents of Eleutherococcus senticosus. In addition, molecular modelling and dihedral bond angle calculations based on the vicinal 3JHH-coupling constants have been used in the unambiguous assignment of signals in the 1H-NMR spectra. 5'-O-Caffeoylquinic acid and three isomeric compounds, 1',5'-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3',5'-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4',5'-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, have been isolated and identified from a sample. The isolation and structure determination of the latter two compounds are reported for the first time from this plant.
Effect of the environment on the secondary metabolic profile of Tithonia diversifolia: a model for environmental metabolomics of plants
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