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Entwicklung und Anwendung von Bewertungsgrundlagen für ressourceneffiziente Software unter Berücksichtigung bestehender Methodik - Abschlussbericht
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In this research project, the evaluation basis for resource-efficient software is being researched. To this end, an impact model is being developed that shows the link between the use of software and the energy consumption of hardware as well as the use of hardware. By classifying software products into local applications, remote data storage and processing applications as well as server services it is shown that energy and resources consumption may take place at different locations. Based on existing findings on resource-saving software development and software design, an evaluation methodology assigning software properties to the impact areas of resource efficiency, potential useful life of hardware and autonomy of use is being developed. Furthermore, a catalogue of criteria with a total of 25 criteria and 76 indicators for assessing the environmental impact of software products is being drawn up. Several case studies (two word processing programs, three internet browsers, three content management systems, three database systems) show that the evaluation method and the criteria developed are applicable in practice, and reveal relevant differences of software products with the same functionality. As a result, the recommendation to develop a "Blue Angel" eco-label for resource-efficient software is being formulated. In order to facilitate the application of the evaluation method, three supplementary modules are also being developed, i.e. a reference system for carrying out measurements on office software, a software for evaluating hardware utilization and energy consumption, and a recording tool for obtaining the evaluation criteria. The conclusions will provide recommendations for the application of the evaluation methodology as controlling tool for product policy. Furthermore, they will identify further-going research needs.
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Emerging awareness of sustainability matters urge the people go for green computing as solution to the environmental problems. There were a lot of previous researches studied about hardware solution, and only few papers that focused on green software area. However, there is lacking of research that discusses about how to implement knowledge management method to manage the green knowledge of software development. As we know that software development is an important role in supporting the IT community, hence the unmanaged green knowledge of software development will lead to the problem of unable to meet both the environmental and business demands to the community. Therefore, this research will focus on proposing a model that applies web-based knowledge management system to manage and share the green knowledge of software development among the members of community of practice in software development environment.
The sustainability analysis framework enables software developers to specifically consider environmental and social dimensions relative to technical and economic dimensions. The framework helps draw a more comprehensive picture of the relevant quality dimensions and, as a result, improve decision making. Sustainability is achievable only when accounting for all dimensions. Connections among the four dimensions involve different dependencies and stakeholders. The framework aims to capture the relevant qualities that characterize sustainability concerns of software systems, helping identify how these qualities influence each other with respect to the different aspects of sustainability. Moreover, interdependent quality requirements may influence one another, as in association/association-class influences among sustainability quality requirements. Integrating our four-dimensional sustainability analysis framework into the engineering processes of long-lived industrial systems provides valuable support to managers and engineers trying to satisfy not only economic and technical but also environmental and social sustainability requirements. The influences among the sustainability quality requirements must be determined by developers and/or stakeholders, as the framework can provide only the means for linking them but not the analysis itself. Constraints and parameters must be chosen by the developers, as it is not possible to list them in a way that is generic enough to be applicable in all circumstances and at the same time specific enough to be useful.
The existing literatures on sustainable development in software engineering have moved towards new paradigms of research and it is claimed as still immature in the sustainable development community. However, the sustainability study in software engineering is a new research field and has received a noteworthy attention lately in the year 2010. Therefore, this paper aimed to contribute a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in this field to provide an overview of sustainability development in software engineering discipline with observe the research activity and related topics, limitation, approaches, methods, and available studies.The applied method is an SLR standard protocol produced by Kitchenham et al. (2007). The investigation is based on the 3059 articles in the first iteration searching query. Currently, almost 600 of related publications are selected and only 175 as relevant for our research questions. Consequently, too few studies in the literatures pertaining to sustainability in software engineering are published, whilst it is quite active in other disciplines. So, this research will be supported the limitation in the literatures with contributes the new paradigm in sustainability software engineering.
In the literature several definitions of sustainability and software sustainability can be found. However, we think none of them can be applied to the software development context. For that reason, in this poster we cook some existing definitions and we will propose a new one specific for the software development. From this definition we try to create a new recipe, discovering how to combine sustainability and quality. As a result several questions arise. From the result of answering these questions, next steps on our research will be defined. Copyright © 2013 for the individual papers by the papers' authors. Copying permitted only for private and academic purposes. This volume is published and
Nowadays, sustainability is a key factor that should be considered in the software quality models. It is increasingly important how environmentally friendly is a software product, both in its execution and during its development process. Therefore, we have proposed, in a previous work, a quality model (25010+S) an extension of the ISO/IEC 25010 standard by considering aspects of sustainability on its characteristics and sub-characteristics. However, in order to make the model useful, it is necessary to identify measures for each sub-characteristic and characteristic. For that reason, the objective of this paper is to carry out a Systematic Literature Review to discover the state-of-the art in software sustainability measures.
A wide range of software metrics targeting various abstraction levels and quality attributes have been proposed by the research community. For many of these metrics the evaluation consists of verifying the mathematical properties of the metric, investigating the behavior of the metric for a number of open-source systems or comparing the value of the metric against other metrics quantifying related quality attributes. Unfortunately, a structural analysis of the usefulness of metrics in a real-world evaluation setting is often missing. Such an evaluation is important to understand the situations in which a metric can be applied, to identify areas of possible improvements, to explore general problems detected by the metrics and to define generally applicable solution strategies. In this paper we execute such an analysis for two architecture level metrics, Component Balance and Dependency Profiles, by analyzing the challenges involved in applying these metrics in an industrial setting. In addition, we explore the usefulness of the metrics by conducting semi-structured interviews with experienced assessors. We document the lessons learned both for the application of these specific metrics, as well as for the method of evaluating metrics in practice.
Nowadays saving energy is an interdisciplinary key challenge. Green IT deals with saving energy in IT systems, and is rapidly gaining momentum. Hardware manufacturers and designers have first considered the problem, in the field of IT, but recently software energy efficiency gathered the interest of industry and academic research. In this paper we aim at summarizing the available knowledge in Green IT. In particular we:
• Introduce a taxonomy of concepts related to energy and IT.
• Present recent data on energy consumption trends organized according to the taxonomy.
• Present some guidelines to write energy efficient software organized according to the
taxonomy.
• Underline what is missing and what should be done in future research.
The resource and power consumption of ICT is still increasing, but also the benefits of ICT, e.g. in finding more efficient solutions for environmental problems. To date, it is not clear, whether the resource and energy savings through ICT overbalance the resource and energy consumption by ICT, or not. Up to now, manifold efforts of Green IT address the environmental aspects of sustainability considering computer hardware. However, there is still a lack of models, descriptions or realizations in the area of computer software and software process models. In our contribution, we first propose definitions of the terms “Green and Sustainable Software” and “Green and Sustainable Software Engineering”, then we outline a conceptual reference model, the GREENSOFT Model. This model includes a cradle-to-grave product life cycle model for software products, sustainability metrics and criteria for software, software engineering extensions for sustainably sound software design and development, as well as appropriate guidance.
Contrary to the common assumption that software is "environmentally friendly" simply because it is virtual, the processes and methods used to develop, maintain and deploy software do have an environmental and social impact that is normally not accounted for by software development practices. For example, e-waste could be greatly minimized if software vendors would take into consideration the lifetime of old hardware. Like so, software that is dependable minimizes waste of resources used to support the system. This paper introduces a set of software engineering metrics that can be used to assess the economic, social and environmental sustainability of software projects, and it demonstrates how these metrics were used to assess a real project.