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Riqualificazione urbana e lotta alle diseguaglianze. L’approccio delle capacitazioni per la valutazione di impatto del programma messinese.
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Il progetto di riqualificazione urbana di Messina ‘Capacity’ è stato avviato nel 2017 nell’ambito del Programma Straordinario di Riqualificazione e Sicurezza delle Periferie Urbane della Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. l testo descrive la struttura del progetto, i risultati della valutazione intermedia, un approfondimento del dispositivo Capitali di capacitazione esportabile in altri contesti con emergenza abitativa (Cap.5). Il testo include 5 videoclip e 1 documentario sullo sbaraccamento di due fondi post terremoto 1908. Il progetto ha come capofila il Comune di Messina e la Fondazione di Comunità di Messina come partner strategico. Capacity si articola in un sistema complesso di azioni correlate e sta promuovendo in modo interdipendente: la creazione di sistemi urbani e socio economici di qualità e capaci di generare alternative sui funzionamenti umani legati all’abitare, al lavoro, alla socialità e alla conoscenza; progetti personalizzati e comunitari che facilitino la possibilità che persone in situazione di forte deprivazione materiale e culturale possano cogliere e valorizzare le nuove opportunità per ripensare e ricostruire la propria vita e quella delle proprie famiglie. A fine 2017 è stata commissionato a CEVAS una valutazione di impatto che è stata inclusa tra le ricerche-azioni promosse dal Forum Disuguaglianze e Diversità.
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... PHASE 2: Analysis of emergency housing measures. An urban regeneration program called Capacity, which was to be implemented between 2017 and 2022, was designed jointly by the Municipality of Messina and the Community Foundation Messina [32], with the aim of overcoming the slum problem. It was designed according to the capability approach and the criteria of social, environmental, and economic sustainability in the long term. ...
... The health of adults a children living in the two slums is very poor, with frequent cases of bronchit the first months of life was 3.7%, four times higher than the rest of the city (source: Municipality of Messina Register). The differences in mortality are statistically significant [32,35]. ...
Cities have a growing role to play in ensuring environmental transition while addressing issues of social inclusion and social sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate a multi‐ dimensional policy of the city of Messina, in southern Italy, aimed at experimenting a sustainable model of urban regeneration to overcome its shantytowns after the 1908 earthquake. The impact in‐ dicators of a pilot program of urban generation were collected in terms of environmental, social, and economic criteria, while the real experiment focused on the mechanisms of choice related to the hous‐ ing of extremely marginalized people. In the end, two slums were demolished, and 205 households had a home without additional land consumption. Attitudes toward social cohesion were measured through 29 interviews and the administration of a pre–post structured test. According to the indi‐ vidual payoffs over time, it is possible to correlate housing choice mechanisms with components not related to short‐term economic rationality. The development of a positive attitude toward the future and trust in others are associated with the development of the riskiest option, which is also the one that can have the highest payoff. The program strategy reduced reliance on social welfare measures and enforced institutional capacity building and skills for sustainable urban development.
... In fact, the FdC asserts that it is inspired by the theory of capabilities elaborated by Amartya Sen [6,7] and the participatory methods theorized and experimented by Danilo Dolci [48]. Both in various texts published by the same foundation [36,49] and during press conferences, project presentations, public seminars, etc., the exponents of the foundation-in particular, the secretary-highlighted that their welfare vision and policy is based on a non-economic concept (in opposition to the homo oeconomicus) of the human being. Its human paradigm is based on those structures that Sen defines as functionings and on which the enabling action of welfare conducted by the same FdC can activate mechanisms of progression and development. ...
This paper deals with transformation processes in an area of Messina where post-earthquake (1908) slums still exist. Over the last few years, the area has undergone important changes, resulting in a new, rather complex neighborhood scenario, but one that has highlighted its importance as an example for the urban regeneration of the whole city. This essay focuses on the participatory processes adopted by an NGO to involve the residents and some of the more vulnerable occupants in a new model for socio-technical change regarding energy and eco-sustainability.
... Il Comune di Messina e la Fondazione di comunità di Messina hanno esercitato un potere di agenda congiunto, unendo intenzioni e risorse, pubbliche e private. La Fondazione di comunità di Messina indaga da tempo il rapporto tra sviluppo territoriale e libertà delle persone, attraverso politiche integrate che generano alternative sulle principali aree dei funzionamenti umani: abitare, lavoro, socialità, salute e conoscenza (Giunta e Leone, 2019). Il programma Capacity ha fatto proprie le riflessioni e le pratiche della Fondazione di comunità di Messina e ha riconosciuto gli stessi abitanti della baraccopoli come agenti di cambiamento, avviando una redistribuzione di potere inteso come opportunità di essere e di fare ciò che si desidera (Sen, 1999). ...
Il libro raccoglie 70 contributi derivanti da una riflessione a posteriori rispetto alla conferenza “Rigenerare le aree militari dismesse. Prospettive, dibattiti e riconversioni in Italia, Spagna e in contesti internazionali” che ha avuto luogo presso l’Università Iuav di Venezia (23-24 settembre 2021) a cura di Federico Camerin e Francesco Gastaldi in cui si è proposta una riflessione aperta al mondo accademico, istituzionale e professionale sulla questione degli insediamenti militari dismessi in ambito nazionale e internazionale. Le questioni che si sono evidenziate coinvolgono le amministrazioni interessate (Ministero della difesa, dei beni culturali, dell’economia e delle finanze, Agenzia del demanio, enti pubblici e territoriali in Spagna e all’estero). I testi, suddivisi in cinque sezioni, propongono un approccio multidisciplinare al tema per favorire un dialogo costruttivo e virtuoso sulle questioni di riuso di aree e immobili in termini normativi, approcci partecipativi e implicazioni economico-procedurali, progetti su immobili con elevato valore storico-artistico.
The impact of demilitarization since 1990s on urban planning in Bulgaria was evident more than a decade later when the first initiatives for redevelopment of some strategically located large military plots were introduced. Though some of the implementations that followed gained the attention of the planners because of their scale, scope, significance or identity, the focus has been on the future development of the plots rather than on the process of their transformation. In an attempt to provide a more holistic view the paper presents the redevelopment as a process in time and in the particular social and economic context. The integration of former military sites into the existing urban structures is examined through analysis of two case studies in the two largest and economically vibrant cities in Bulgaria. As a result of the comparative study the similar characteristics of the sites and of the processes for their conversion have been outlined and the major factors that facilitate and hinder the process of redevelopment are presented. It is argues that these developments bear the potential of focused urban interventions that could impact the overall city development and present significant opportunities for the cities to become more attractive and competitive.
En la ciudad de Palma (Mallorca), el antiguo cuartel militar de Son Busquets, levantado en el año 1949 y ocupando en ese momento una situación rururbana y desvinculada del continuo construido, se interpreta en la presente comunicación como una oportunidad para la planificación y el desarrollo urbanístico de unos barrios –el Camp Redó y Cas Capiscol– densamente edificados y con problemas de degradación física y social. El cuartel fue abandonado en el año 2000 y ha sido calificado como el último gran vacío urbano de la ciudad. Es evidente su potencial como espacio para albergar nuevos equipamientos públicos, zonas verdes y viviendas de protección oficial, y por tanto su potencial como nuevo polo urbano de atracción, que contribuiría a convertir Palma en una ciudad más policéntrica. Para ello, Son Busquets puede jugar un interesante papel adicional en el proceso de planificación de un nuevo eje cívico peatonal –Cotlliure– que sirva para regenerar la barriada y conectarla eficazmente con el centro histórico. En un barrio colmatado como el del Camp Redó, Son Busquets también se erige como solución a las necesidades de nuevas zonas verdes y en definitiva de más espacio libre público y de calidad. También se posiciona como espacio en el que actuar creativamente por medio de la participación vecinal directa, recuperando así la idea del derecho a la ciudad y de reconquista ciudadana de la calle.
Evidence suggests that urban regeneration programs can stimulate leisure-time walking (LTW) in deprived areas. However, underlying pathways remain unclear. This study explored how urban regeneration might stimulate LTW among adults in deprived areas. We conducted a realist review, a theory-driven approach to evidence synthesis that focuses on mechanisms. We searched three electronic databases for peer-reviewed literature that describes how the neighborhood environment or urban regeneration influences LTW among adults in deprived areas. Evidence from 13 qualitative studies was synthesized. All studies indicated that safety problems and poor physical neighborhood design make adults fearful of walking. Seven studies indicated that poor aesthetics makes walking less relaxing and stress releasing. Seven studies indicated that poor infrastructure makes it inconvenient for adults to walk. A limited number of studies indicated that a lack of LTW facilities creates a shortage of settings for walking and that low levels of social capital constrain social support for walking and social interaction while walking. Evidence from this study suggests that urban regeneration might stimulate LTW among adults in deprived areas by creating a neighborhood that is less frightening, more relaxing, and more convenient to walk in.
For Latin America’s cityscapes, a rapid process of urbanisation has left an unequal urban footprint where fragments of ‘poor cities’ and ‘wealthy cities’ are scattered throughout the urban landscape. At micro scale, this process of segregation has introduced barriers for disadvantaged communities, as it has become an intensifier of inequalities by undermining levels of urban quality of life. Within this context, traditional quality of life approaches apply a rather reductionist “countability” approach to assessing urban wellbeing, without delving sufficiently into the social, economic and political structures that are present during the production of segregated spaces. This paper introduces a new discussion of how to understand and evaluate residential segregation within a place-based approach to wellbeing, by looking at how segmentation and differentiation - as mechanisms of exclusion and social disconnection - restrict the availability of choices, capabilities and functionings in the urban context.
We conducted a qualitative longitudinal study to explore how adult residents of disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods (Glasgow, UK) experienced neighbourhood demolition and relocation. Data from 23 households was collected in 2011 and 2012. Some participants described moves to new or improved homes in different neighbourhoods as beneficial to their and their families' wellbeing. Others suggested that longstanding illnesses and problems with the new home and/or neighbourhood led to more negative experiences. Individual-level contextual differences, home and neighbourhood-level factors and variations in intervention implementation influence the experiences of residents involved in relocation programmes.
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Theory-based evaluations have helped open the ‘black box’ of programmes. An account is offered of the evolution of this persuasion, through the works of Chen and Rossi, Weiss, and Pawson and Tilley. In the same way as the ‘theory of change’ approach to evaluation has tackled the complexity of integrated and comprehensive programmes at the community level, it is suggested that a theory-oriented approach based on the practice of realistic cumulation be developed for dealing with the vertical complexity ofmulti-level governance.
Social housing often aims to provide sheltering for people on low incomes or with particular needs. This results in a constraints-dominated context where environmental and social sustainability find little room. Neglecting environmental and social issues, however, risks to further impact those already at the margins of our society, and for whom the social housing was meant to be a life upgrade. Yet, challenges can be transformed into opportunities if intelligent and collaborative planning is utilised. Such a holistic approach has characterised the project discussed in this paper, which has met the design aims whilst placing environmental and social sustainability at its core. Passive strategies have minimised the energy consumption whilst maximising the opportunities that the surrounding natural environment had to offer. Social needs have also been included throughout the various design phases. The result is a plan for a neighbourhood where utterly different users are brought together under the same roof, and social interactions are not just possible but in fact encouraged. Local trade is embedded in the social spaces to incorporate principles of economic sustainability. This case study can be adopted in and adapted to different contexts thus handing back to architectural design the honour and the moral responsibility to produce spaces in which humans as well as nature can thrive.
Urban renewal and sustainable development are two popular issues in both policy agenda and academia. Although their importance has been increasingly recognized, an integrated review covering sustainability, planning, and urban renewal has yet to be produced. Based on 81 journal papers, this paper presents a critical review of recent studies on sustainable urban renewal over the period 1990–2012. The review focuses on the planning sub-system and the social sub-system of urban renewal in terms of the evaluation of sustainability. The complexity of achieving sustainable urban renewal is emphasized and discussed. To better clarify the mechanism behind the urban renewal process and improve urban sustainability, recommendations of future research directions are also provided.