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Mémoire- D.U. Psychologie Positive. Etude du bien-être des doctorant-e-s en France.

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Abstract

Les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire sont issus de données provenant d’un questionnaire spécialement élaboré pour cette étude et dont 1900 doctorants y ont répondu. Ces résultats révèlent une forte corrélation entre le « bien-être » des doctorant-e-s en France et i) le climat au travail, ii) la facilité de se projeter professionnelle, iii) la pratique d’un sport et/ou d’un loisir, iv) la fréquentation de la famille et des amis, et v) l’avancement temporel de la thèse. Les deux premières variables (i et ii) possèdent des coefficients de corrélation élevés suggérant un rôle important dans le bien-être. Néanmoins, les autres variables ne sont pas à négliger, comme par exemple, la diminution du bien-être des doctorant-e-s au fur et à mesure des années doctorales. Cette étude montre également qu’un fort taux (un quart) des doctorant-e-s en France sont malheureux(se) et/ou déprimé(e) et/ou dépressif(ve). Les doctorant-e-s ayant le sentiment d’être heureux(s) ont un sentiment moins important d’épuisement et de dévalorisation, et plus important d’accomplissement et de résilience brève. Pour finir, cette étude discute des pistes d’amélioration du mieux-être et mieux vivre au travail des doctorant-e-s en France.
1
Mémoire -
Psychologie Positive :
Université de la Réunion
D.U. Introduction à la Psychologie Positive
Août 2019
NATACHA NIKOLIC
Bien-être des doctorant-e-s en France
Outils
Nature des informations collectées
Items
Echelles
Information personnelle et
sociale
Age, genre, matière, année(s) doctoriale(s),
situation personnelle
5
-
Isoard-Gautheur et al. 2010
Dimension "Epuisement"
5
1-5
Cloé Michaud (Master APAS)
Dimension "Résilience brève"
3
1-5
Isoard-Gautheur et al. 2010
Dimension "Dévalorisation"
5
1-5
Isoard-Gautheur et al. 2010
Dimension "Accomplissement"
7
1-5
Elaboré pour la présente étude
Dimension « Climat au travail »
6
1-5
Elaboré pour la présente étude
Dimension « Projection professionnelle »
2
1-5
Elaboré pour la présente étude
Dimension « Constat personnel d’état »
1
1-6
Elaboré pour la présente étude
Facteurs explicatifs potentiels
5
-
Variables
Nombre
de
question
Valeurs
Type
Analysé dans
le présent
mémoire
Age
1
25-30 ans ; 30-35 ans ; Plus de 35 ans ;
Moins de 25 ans
Qualitative mais
peut-être
transformée en
quantitative
continue
x
Sexe
1
Homme ; Femme ; Autre genre
Qualitative
x
Département
1
Chiffres des départements Métropolitain ;
DOM et TOM
Quantitative
Région
1
Nom des régions
Qualitative
x
Années doctorales
1
1ère ; 2ème ; 3ème ; 4ème ; Plus
Qualitative mais
peut-être
transformée en
quantitative
x
Matière étudiée
1
15 matières mentionnées
Qualitative
Discipline
1
Sciences naturelles ; Sciences humaines et
sociales ; Sciences formelles ; Sciences
appliquées
Qualitative
x
Situation
personnelle
1
Célibataire (1) ; En couple sans enfant (2) ;
En couple avec enfant(s) (3) ; Célibataire
avec enfant(s) (4)
Qualitative
x
Constat personnel
d'état
1
Colonne 1 : heureux(se) ; malheureux(se) ;
neutre ; déprimé(e) ; dépressif(ve) ; Je ne
sais pas/Je ne souhaite pas répondre
Qualitative
Colonne 2 : (1) heureux(se) ; (2) neutre ;
(3) malheureux(se) et/ou déprimé(e)
et/ou dépressif(ve)
Qualitative
pouvant être
transformée en
quantitative
x
Voir sa famille
(Famille)
1
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Voir ses ami(e)s
(Ami)
1
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Pratiquer un sport
(Sport)
1
Colonne 1 : non ; pas envie ; non ; pas le
temps ; une heure par semaine ; deux
heures par semaine ; plus de deux heures
par semaine
Qualitative
Colonne 2 : oui (1) ; non (2)
Qualitative
x
Pratiquer un loisir
(Loisir)
1
Oui (1) ; non (2)
Qualitative
x
Consommation de
substance(s)
chimique(s)
1
Colonne 1 : non ; somnifères ;
antidépresseurs ; substances
psychoactives (particulièrement alcool
et/ou cannabis) ; autre(s)
Qualitative
exogène(s)
(Substances)
Colonne 2 : oui (1) ; non (2)
Qualitative
x
Dimension
Épuisement
5
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Dimension
Accomplissement
7
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Dimension
Résilience brève
3
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Dimension
Dévalorisation
5
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Bonnes conditions
de travail et
relationnelle
(Climat au travail)
6
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Projection
professionnelle
2
Moyenne échelle de 1 à 5 renvoyant aux
réponses : Presque jamais ou Jamais (1)
Rarement (2) Quelquefois (3)
Fréquemment (4) Très souvent (5)
Quantitative
x
Variables testées
r
tau
rho
p-value
Constat d'état
personnel
et
Epuisement
0.5099902
0.4113703
0.5059319
< 2.2e-16
Accomplissement
-0.6365975
-0.5182103
-0.6348315
< 2.2e-16
silience
-0.4669209
-0.3836566
-0.4668279
< 2.2e-16
valorisation
0.5531233
0.4478155
0.5497193
< 2.2e-16
Epuisement
Accomplissement
Résilience +
valorisation
0.6888404
0.5582896
0.6890181
< 2.2e-16
5 questions
Répondre selon cette échelle de 1 à 5.
Cocher une seule case sur les 5 propositions par question.
Vous pouvez cocher plusieurs cases.
31
Variable de réponse
Facteur d’étude
Qualitative nominale
(paramétrique telle que par ex.
normale)
Qualitative
ordinale (non
paramétrique
telle que par
ex. non
normale)
Quantitative
(K=2 catégories)
(K > 2
catégories)
Qualitatif (K = 2
groupes)
Indépendants
Z de comparaison
de proportions
Chi au
carré (test
χ2)
Wilcoxon-
Mann-Whitney
t de Student-
Fisher
Chi au carré (test
χ2)
Épreuve de
Welch
Épreuve exacte de
Fisher
Appariés
Épreuve de
McNemar
Q de
Cochran
Épreuve des
signes
t de Student-
Fisher pour
données
appariées
Épreuve exacte de
Fisher
Épreuve des
rangs assignés
de Wilcoxon
Qualitatif (K > 2
groupes)
Indépendants
Chi au carré
Chi au
carré (test
χ2)
Épreuve de
Kruskall-Wallis
Analyse de la
variance (Ex.
ANOVA)
Appariés
Q de Cochran
Q de
Cochran
Épreuve de
Friedman
Analyse de la
variance de
deux voies
Quantitatif
t de Student-Fisher
Analyse de
la variance
(ex.
ANOVA)
Corrélation de
Spearman
Corrélation
de Pearson
Tau de Kendall
Régression
linéaire
Variables
Normalité
Age
W = 0.77065, p-value < 2.2e-16
Sexe
W = 0.6388, p-value < 2.2e-16
Localisation géographique
W = 0.020161, p-value < 2.2e-16
Années doctorales
W = 0.88334, p-value < 2.2e-16
Discipline
W = 0.72505, p-value < 2.2e-16
Situation personnelle
W = 0.75645, p-value < 2.2e-16
Constat personnel d'état
W = 0.76778, p-value < 2.2e-16
Lien famille
W = 0.88833, p-value < 2.2e-16
Lien ami
W = 0.9063, p-value < 2.2e-16
Pratique un Sport
W = 0.59892, p-value < 2.2e-16
Pratique un loisir
W = 0.59905, p-value < 2.2e-16
Consommation de
substance(s) chimique(s)
exogène(s)
W = 0.51958, p-value < 2.2e-16
Épuisement
W = 0.98216, p-value = 1.167e-14
Accomplissement
W = 0.98418, p-value = 1.194e-13
Résilience brève
W = 0.97888, p-value = 3.848e-16
Dévalorisation
W = 0.95778, p-value < 2.2e-16
Conditions de travail et
relationnelle
W = 0.93882, p-value < 2.2e-16
Projection professionnelle
W = 0.88705, p-value < 2.2e-16

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