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Negotiating halal: The role of non-religious concerns in shaping halal standards in Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Rapid growth in the global halal markets in recent years has invited scholars to pay close attention to the development of halal standards. However, the actual processes behind the formulation of the criteria specified in halal standards remain underexplored. This paper examines competing arguments and narratives behind the formulation of halal ruling on pre-slaughter stunning and mechanical slaughter in the new state-led halal standards in Indonesia. Drawing on the notion of ‘backstage politics,’ the results show that the criteria in halal standards are no longer determined exclusively by Islamic dietary laws that explain them. The inclusion of various actors in the formulation of halal standards has cleared the path for non-religious concerns, namely the meat production shortage and protections to the poultry sector, to embed and play an essential role in shaping the approval on pre-slaughter stunning and the ban on mechanical slaughter, respectively. As such, this paper argues that halal standards not only operate as a tool for economic development and facilitation of international trade but also serve as a safeguard to address food security issues and a mechanism to protect the national economy from the adverse consequences of the globalized markets.

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... The halal logo is used to convey ideas to non-Muslim consumers seeking halal products (Farhan and Sutikno, 2022). Non-Muslim consumers are affected by health factors as well, as halal products follow rigorous halal certification requirements (Suryawan, Hisano, et al., 2022). ...
... Non-Muslim consumers who value animal welfare and social responsibility are frequently linked to moral and sustainable business practices (Suryawan, Hisano, et al., 2022). Halal certification is founded on values appeal to consumers who value ethics such as fair labor standards and compassionate treatment of animals (Azam and Abduallah, 2020). ...
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... The identification may be monitored at each level of the supply chain, starting from the farm or production site and ending with the consumer. Customers have the ability to scan product codes in order to confirm the Halal status of the products [1], [3]. The transparency fosters trust and instills confidence in consumers. ...
... The system is capable of cross-referencing ingredient lists with authorised Halal databases, validating the legitimacy of certifications, and monitoring equipment usage to prevent cross-contamination. This degree of automation diminishes the likelihood of human fallibility and guarantees the consistent adherence to Halal standards [1], [4], [5]. ...
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... There have been three stages with distinct governing structures for halal food: (1) Phase I from the late 1960s to the early 1990s; (2) Phase II from the early 1990s to the mid-2010s; and (3) Phase III from the mid-2010s to the present (Suryawan et al., 2022). The Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 280/Men.Kes/Per/XI/76 on Circulation and Marking Provisions on Food Ingredients Derived from Pork 1976 marked the beginning of halal food certification in Indonesia. ...
... The supervision is carried out through collaboration between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Religion through the Food Registration Assessment Team of the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control (POM) under the Ministry of Health (Faridah, 2019). In the first stage, halal authority was decentralised, represented by several formal regulatory and institutional frameworks but lacking non-state organisations' participation (Suryawan et al., 2022). ...
... MUI issues the halal certification while including the labelling is the authority of BPOM (Faridah, 2019;Karimah, 2018;World Trade Organization, 2018a). Halal authority became more centralised in this stage through certification and standardisation schemes managed by MUI (Ratanamaneichat & Rakkarn, 2013;Suryawan et al., 2022). See Figure 1 below: ...
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... Extant research frequently highlights the complexity and lengthiness of the halal certification process, which is often criticized for being time-consuming and bureaucratic (Darmalaksana, 2023;Fauzi et al., 2024;Suryawan et al., 2022). A typical halal certification process requires extensive documentation and multiple audits, which can be particularly challenging for smaller businesses with limited resources and expertise (Fard & Amiri, 2018;Ismail et al., 2013). ...
... ;Fauzi et al., (2024), andSuryawan et al., (2022) earlier on. Similarly, smaller businesses that lack the necessary resources and expertise, as noted byFard & Amiri (2018) andIsmail et al. (2013), who emphasized the multiple audits and extensive documentation required were also reported in the interviews.R3 from the study reported that the process took a long time, and R6 expressed concerns about the unpredictability of what officials might inquire about during inspections. ...
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... Halal, an Arabic word meaning "allowed" or "permissible," has its roots in the Qur'an (literally meaning "the recitation" i.e., the divine book) and the Sunnah (literally meaning "the way," i.e., the life, teachings, and acts of the Prophet Muhammad), which are the two primary sources of Islamic law. Historically, the concept of halal has encompassed every aspect of a Muslim's life, but today it is predominantly associated with the production and consumption of food (Suryawan et al, 2022). Transformations also occur in the way halal is assessed. ...
... Every product that meets these criteria is given a halal certificate and the right to include a halal label on its packaging. Through halal certification and labeling, producers can claim that the products they produce and sell on the market are suitable for consumption by Muslims in particular (Suryawan et al, 2022). ...
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... Several previous studies discussed the Indonesian halal industry through non-religious factors in halal standards. According to Suryawan et al. (2022) non-religious factors significantly influence the formation of halal standards. The historical context in Indonesia shows that cross-border agri-food companies and the shift towards processed foods in the market have made halal standards necessary by non-Muslim producers due to the need for more attention to Islamic food principles and the lack of consumer awareness. ...
... This highlights the substantial role of non-religious factors in shaping halal standards in Indonesia, aligning them with market interests, protecting the domestic sector, and responding to halal commercialization. Thereby highlighting the politicaleconomic processes and market dynamics are at the center of the formulation of such standards (Hudaefi & Jaswir 2019;Suryawan et al. 2022). ...
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Indonesia, with the world's largest Muslim demographic bonus, does not seem to have achieved enough capital to reach the top rank of the global Islamic economy. Although the vision of Global Halal Hub 2024 is supported by the government, this research highlights Indonesia's lack of awareness of its competitive advantages, which attracted the author's attention to explore further. Qualitative and descriptive analysis are the methods in this research. This paper refers to the concepts of Competitive Advantage of Nations developed by Michael E. Porter, namely factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Through factor condition analysis, it can be seen that to achieve a competitive advantage in the halal industry, Indonesia needs to improve its logistics infrastructure and develop human resource expertise in halal certification, research stimulation, and product innovation. Demand conditions then indicate the need for increased consumer education and diversification of halal products. Meanwhile, the concept of related and supporting industries targets strengthening halal guarantee institutions and government support. The indicators of firm strategy, structure, and rivalry focus on developing global marketing strategies and international partnerships. To achieve Global Halal Hub status, researchers highlight the importance of comprehensive and collaborative approaches, such as integration in strengthening logistics infrastructure, increasing human resource expertise related to halal certification, and increasing research and product innovation. In addition, consumer education and cooperation with institutions and governments play a vital role in creating favorable conditions. Keywords: Comparative Advantage, Halal Hub, Indonesia Indonesia, dengan bonus demografi umat Muslim terbesar dunia, tampaknya belum mencapai modal yang cukup untuk mencapai peringkat teratas perekonomian Islam global. Kendati visi Global Halal Hub 2024 didukung oleh pemerintah, penelitian ini menyoroti masih kurangnya kesadaran Indonesia terhadap keunggulan-keunggulan kompetitif yang dimiliki, sehingga menarik perhatian penulis untuk menelaah lebih lanjut. Metode kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif menjadi metode dalam penelitian ini. Tulisan ini merujuk pada konsep-konsep Competitive Advantage of Nations yang dikembangkan oleh Michael E. Porter, yakni factor condition, demand condition, related and supporting industry serta firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Melalui analisis factor condition, terlihat bahwa untuk mencapai keunggulan kompetitif dalam industri halal, Indonesia perlu meningkatkan infrastruktur logistik serta pengembangan keahlian sumber daya manusia dalam sertifikasi halal, stimulasi riset, dan inovasi produk. Demand condition kemudian menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan edukasi konsumen dan diversifikasi produk halal. Sementara itu, konsep related and supporting industry menargetkan penguatan lembaga penjaminan halal dan dukungan pemerintah. Adapun indikator firm strategy, structure, and rivalry berfokus pada perlunya pengembangan strategi pemasaran global dan kemitraan internasional. Guna mencapai status Global Halal Hub, peneliti menyoroti pentingnya pendekatan-pendekatan komprehensif dan kolaboratif, seperti integrasi dalam penguatan infrastruktur logistik, peningkatan keahlian sumber daya manusia terkait sertifikasi halal, dan peningkatan riset serta inovasi produk. Selain itu, edukasi konsumen dan kerja sama dengan lembaga serta pemerintah memainkan peran vital dalam menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung. Kata-kata Kunci: Keunggulan Komparatif, Halal Hub, Indonesia
... This shift emphasizes the government's commitment to upholding halal standards and consumer protection. The Halal Product Assurance Organizing Body (BPJPH) was established by law to formulate guidelines for halal certification services, perform accreditation of halal inspection agencies, and collaborate with domestic and international institutions in the field of halal product assurance (Suryawan et al., 2022). Despite these efforts, compliance among business actors in the production and distribution of halal products remains low (Zulfa et al., 2023). ...
... Among these challenges in the certification process, three issues must be highlighted. First, the implementation of Law No. 33 of 2014, which delineates the guarantees of halal products and BPJPH's roles in crafting and verifying halal products and issuing certificates, raises the question of whether centralized agencies' establishments can enhance the satisfaction of business actors or whether they have adverse effects (Suryawan et al., 2022). Second, strengthening agencies' capacity to with 2367 responses (2044 new certifications and 323 renewals). ...
Article
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This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction of business actors with halal certification services by the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH), the only Indonesian government-owned agency for halal certification. This study uses a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative), with data collected using questionnaires involving 2367 respondents. The overall quality of certification services was evaluated using key dimensions from the perspective of the Service Quality Model (SERVQUAL), such as (1) certification requirements, (2) information and procedures, (3) completion time, (4) costs/tariffs, (5) service products, (6) competencies of executors, (7) executor behavior, (8) complaint handling, and (9) suggestions and inputs. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the analysis of the weighted average of each dimension of satisfaction with the quality of public services. This study revealed that the overall satisfaction level of business actors was 84.86 (0–100). Among the nine indicators measured, eight fall within the “good” category (above 80.19); one indicator, i.e., the processing time of halal certification, was rated unsatisfactory (76.45); and none was classified as “very good.” The service gap between business actors’ expectations and BPJPH’s service delivery indicates the need to improve halal certification services. These include improvement in completion time, the executive’s behavior, costs, infrastructure, and information and procedures to streamline the certification process. The application of the SERVQUAL model in assessing halal certification standards in this study highlights the specific dimensions of service quality and the performance gaps, suggesting the need for continuous improvement to meet customer expectations effectively. This study examines halal certification services from BPJPH based on inputs from a large sample of Indonesian companies.
... Neglecting halal supply chain management can result in using non-halal ingredients or methods, risking noncompliance and eroding consumer trust [52,53]. Crosscontamination between halal and non-halal products during production compromises halal food integrity and may lead to religious concerns and reputational damage [30,54]. ...
... Secondly, MSEs should concentrate on developing welldocumented standard recipes and consistently training their staff. Standardized recipes form the bedrock for maintaining consistency in the quality and safety of halal products [32,53]. By meticulously documenting recipes, MSEs can ensure that each product meets the requisite standards, irrespective of personnel or production variations. ...
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The study delves into the complexities of managing halal supply chains, specifically focusing on enhancing the quality and safety of halal food produced by Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in West Sumatra. Utilizing the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, researchers actively collaborate with MSEs to develop halal processed food. Seventeen MSE communities involved in halal processed food production were engaged in this research. This methodology includes problem identification, planning, data collection, analysis, actions, and reflective evaluation. The primary findings spotlight the challenges and strategies in halal supply chain management that impact the quality and safety of halal food. These challenges span raw material procurement, production and processing processes, warehousing and distribution, product preparation and presentation, and monitoring and reporting. The study suggests that MSE owners can potentially enhance the quality and safety standards of their halal food products. This research offers practical guidance for MSEs engaged in processed food production to improve food quality and safety within their halal supply chain management practices. The recommendations include fostering halal awareness and education, establishing effective supplier relationship management, embracing innovation in halal supply chain technology, and ensuring compliance with halal regulations and certification.
... Perkembangan produk halal dan hilirisasi industri halal di Indonesia dan dunia telah menjadi fenomena yang menarik perhatian banyak pihak, dari pemerintah dan pelaku industri hingga konsumen (Suryawan et al., 2022). Pertumbuhan ini mencerminkan perubahan perilaku konsumen yang semakin sadar akan kehalalan produk yang mereka konsumsi, serta dorongan untuk mengembangkan industri yang berkelanjutan dan berorientasi pada nilai-nilai agama (Mebratu, 1998). ...
... Selain itu, ada juga inovasi dalam sektor fashion dan kosmetik halal, dengan pengembangan produk-produk yang ramah lingkungan dan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip keberlanjutan. (Suryawan et al., 2022) Dengan demikian, hilirisasi industri halal di Indonesia bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk halal, meningkatkan daya saing global, dan memperkuat posisi Indonesia sebagai pusat industri halal yang terkemuka di dunia. ...
... Ethnic and religious diversities have fostered harmonious living conditions, as it can be assumed that the practical coexistence of halal products based on locality is in line with the values of tolerance, interfaith dialogue and mutual understanding, which are widely promoted. Among non-Muslim communities, the most significant catalyst exists between ideologies and halal certification (Marzuki et al., 2012;Suryawan et al., 2022). Therefore, this case study demonstrates the need to raise awareness and initiatives among local people to accommodate halal products and embrace multicultural aspects. ...
... This argument challenges the view that halal products can only materialise when social constructions are built by structural forces that bind national and state life (Conficoni et al., 2022;Gilbert and Khokhar, 2008). In line with this, the research also criticises the argument that business interests and specific ideologies are reinforcing elements in building coexistence (Azam and Abdullah, 2020;Shaw, 2019;Suryawan et al., 2022). The model of coexistence of halal products in Kupang serves as an important reference for the diversity and pluralism of life in various countries. ...
Article
Purpose This study aims to revisit the practice of multiculturalism within the co-existence of halal food products in non-Muslim communities in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through observations, interviews and documentation using a case study approach. Findings The important findings in the existing study indicate that social practice related to the acceptance and expression of non-Muslim communities towards halal products and certificates is integrated into the daily life of the people. It has contrasted with other regions in Indonesia where debates between cultural and structural aspects of halal product studies and certification prevail, often dominated by ego-sectoral interests and Islamic theology. Although Kupang’s predominantly non-Muslim population, the practice and model of halal products emerge with uniqueness within communal traditions and socio-cultural practices take precedence over structural factors. Research limitations/implications The most significant contribution of this research lies in mutual understanding, interfaith dialogue and religiosity that have fused into social life, specially building social coexistence in halal products. Practical implications These findings contribute to policymakers to reformulate halal certification and products, which are not solely driven by the interests of the Muslim community. Originality/value This study presents a new synthetic theory about halal products, confirming a case study in Kupang where non-Muslim communities accepted halal products as a reflection of cultural and local customs. This acceptance has led to the development of a new identity without contradictions among business interests, ideologies, sectoral aspects, hygiene, health and structural state movements.
... Due to specific regulations around the slaughtering process, the focus at the outset was primarily on meat based products and poultry. However, with the growth of the Muslim community in these non-Muslim majority countries, the importance of these Halal items rose, leading to a wider variety of certification (Suryawan et al., 2022). Certification as Halal has become a multi-dimensional and sometime a complicated process in one's modern society, it involves the particular Muslim authority, the qualified scientist and other relevant industry practitioners. ...
Article
The Islam feature in the embark on a herbal contribution for the Indonesian economy and herbal medicine use Islam features to settle on a business model. One of the focus of the study is to employ in the Halal Treatments starting from the analysis of the available herbal treatments and certification of this treatment, it’s marketing issue and prospects of this market in the Indonesia region. There is a rising need for Halal certified products globally especially herbal products as a result of ethical and natural products due to the increase in health concerns. Indonesia embracing agriculture in compliance with halal certification would indeed be an enticing business opportunity as farmers would sell the ingredients and also promote rural development. It really affects the farming community structure as they would be able to practice halal compliant practices that provide a false promise of rural development. The same benefits also go the pharmaceutical sector as the farmers have the raw materials they need expanding their target market both locally and internationally. The documentation protocol is lengthy and complicated which increases the requirement for higher costs as they need high levels of compatibility especially from Islamic standards. These challenges simply demonstrate the need for more assistance in the form of industry coordination and coherence of the policies to meet targets without compromising on quality. In spite of those issues, there is a conspiring trend that bare noticing for many companies, the trend of getting higher levels of consumer trust and access to overseas markets is one that has already been established. This review emphasizes the need for increased study and work of the industry to better the certification process, cut costs, and improve the economic benefits for Indonesia’s Halal-certified herbal medicine industry. It follows that halal certification is likely to enhance the international competitiveness of Indonesia’s herbal products working to position them as quality products on the market for health-conscious consumers worldwide. Keywords: Agribusiness, certification, halal, herbal medicine, pharmaceutical, Indonesia.
... Due to specific regulations around the slaughtering process, the focus at the outset was primarily on meat based products and poultry. However, with the growth of the Muslim community in these non-Muslim majority countries, the importance of these Halal items rose, leading to a wider variety of certification (Suryawan et al., 2022). Certification as Halal has become a multi-dimensional and sometime a complicated process in one's modern society, it involves the particular Muslim authority, the qualified scientist and other relevant industry practitioners. ...
Article
A laboratory study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of ionic strength on the dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals and ionic species using well water with ionic strengths of (0.013, 0.065, 0.130) mol l-1 by the method of wetting and drying of natural, unexcited soil columns taken from five different sites in their content of calcium carbonate within Nineveh Governorate / northern Iraq, classified within the Calciothirds soil group, and for five wetting and drying cycles, the duration of one cycle being ten days. After the fifth cycle of wetting and drying, water is added in the amount of two pore sizes to obtain a displacement solution of one pore size, which is collected in plastic bottles to conduct analysis of the main dissolved ions and entered into the VisualMinteq A2 geochemical equilibrium program to obtain saturation index values for carbonate minerals. The outputs of the program showed the superiority of well water with an ionic strength of (0.130) mol l-1 in the quantity and number of precipitated carbonate minerals represented by minerals (Calcite, Argonit, Vitrite, Regular Dolomite, Irregular Dolomite, Honet and Magnesite). The results of the theoretical correlation showed that the dominant ionic species were arranged as follows: CaSO4.2H2O >MgCl2>CaCl2> Ca(HCO3)2 > MgSO4> Mg(HCO3)2. The results show an increase in the percentages of all ionic species for all sites with an increase in the ionic strength of the water. Keywords: Ionic strength, dissolution, precipitation, carbon minerals, ionic species, saturation index, Ionic composition.
... a. Global Halal Standards: The use of technology in halal certification has driven greater standardization efforts at the global level. Various countries and institutions are working to adopt uniform standards to facilitate the international trade of halal products (Suryawan et al., 2022). This is a crucial step in creating a consistent and internationally recognized framework. ...
Article
This article discusses the role of digital technology in halal certification in the digital era. The research aims to understand the impact of digital technology on halal certification and its global implications. The research method used is literature analysis, which helps researchers formulate a comprehensive understanding of this topic. In the literature analysis, researchers explore the history of halal certification, the development of digital technology in the context of halal certification, and its impact on transparency and accessibility. Additionally, researchers also consider the challenges and ethical considerations that arise with the use of digital technology in halal certification. The article also discusses the role of the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain technology in enhancing halal certification. IoT enables real-time monitoring in the supply chain, while AI supports in-depth data analysis. Blockchain technology provides integrity and transparency in certification. Mobile applications also create greater accessibility for consumers to check the halal status of products. The research findings indicate that digital halal certification has a significant global impact, not only meeting the needs of Muslim consumers but also gaining recognition from non-Muslim communities. Despite challenges such as data security and ethical considerations, the use of digital technology in halal certification opens the door to the growth of a more inclusive, transparent, and halal-compliant food and beverage industry.
... produk yang telah memiliki sertifikat halal, sisanya masih belum tersertifikasi. Lambatnya proses sertifikasi halal pada UMK diduga disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor berikut antara lain; kurangnya sosialisasi pentingnya sertifikasi halal produk pada pelaku usaha (Sani, 2023), proses administrasi yang belum diproses karena banyaknya ajuan permohonan, kurangnya tenaga auditor halal, biaya sertifikasi yang dianggap menjadi beban bagi pelaku usaha (Arifin, 2023;Vanny, 2023), belum optimalnya peranan stakeholder (Suryawan, Hisano and Jongerden, 2019;Ismail, 2023). ...
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Penelitian ini mengkaji hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi UMKM di Indonesia berkaitan implementasi program sertifikasi halal yang merupakan amanah Undang-undang Jaminan Produk Halal (UUJPH). Kajian terhadap literature yang merupakan hasil penelitian emperik dan penelitian naskah literature dilakukan dengan bantuan Perish or publish terhadap artikel yang terbit tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2023 dengan keyword problematika atau tantangan sertifikasi halal di Indonesia. Tahap selanjutnya pemilihan artikel-artikel yang relevan dipilih untuk dianalisis dan ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa ada tiga hambatan utama yang dihadapi UMKM dalam mengimplementasikan program sertifikasi halal, hambatan internal yaitu kurangnya literasi produk halal, keterbatasan sumber daya baik sumber daya manusia maupun sumber daya keuangan, rendahnya teknologi, rendahnya kesadaran pelaku UMKM terhadap produk halal. Hambatan eksternal meliputi mahalnya biaya Sertifikasi produk halal, proses sertifikasi yang rumit dan berbasis digital serta kurangnya dukungan dari lembaga terkait, keterbatasan akses ke fasilitas seperti laboratorium dan kurangnya sosialisasi peraturan hukum dan undang-undang tentang produk halal. PENDAHULUAN Indonesia dengan jumlah populasi muslim terbesar di dunia menjadi pasar menjanjikan bagi industry halal. Pertumbuhan industi halal di Indonesia menunjukkan kenaikan peringkat dari peringkat empat menjadi peringat tiga dunia sebagaimana laporan dari State of The Global Islamic Report 2023. Diperkiran pada tahun mendatang peningkatan konsumsi halal akan terus meningkat baik nasional mapun global. Peringkat sebagai pasar industri halal nomor 3 di dunia menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu tujuan pasar yang banyak diminati oleh pelaku bisnis lokal maupun global. Pasar bebas dan perjanjian kerjasama dagang yang ditandatangani pemerintah Indonesia dalam perjanjian-perjanjian multilateral menjadi salah satu tantangan bagi perlaku usaha lokal di Indonesia termasuk pelaku industry halal tanah air.
... Given the growing halal market, several studies have found that policymakers, food authorities, and health institutions must act professionally, consistently, and firmly to ensure that halal product standards are met for various products on the market and intended for halal customers (Aslan, 2023). These policymakers must regularly evaluate culinary products to ensure producers follow Islamic standards and build Muslim customers' trust in halal products (Billah, Rahman and Hossain, 2020;Suryawan, Hisano and Jongerden, 2022). However, Muslim communities need infrastructure to manage halal authentication. ...
Article
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This study aims to analyze the dynamics of preserving and sharing halal food information for Muslim consumers in multicultural and global contexts. Access to halal food is essential in Muslim-majority regions. However, the rise of multiculturalism and global cosmopolitanism has led to acculturation in native foodways and diversification of culinary products. In Jakarta, a Muslim-majority city with rich multicultural complexity, merging culinary traditions often blur distinctions between halal and non-halal foods.Using qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with culinary associations and enterprises in Singapore and Malaysia and an intensive literature review, this study identifies key practices and challenges in halal and non-halal labeling. Findings indicate that transparent and honest disclosure of non-halal product information is crucial for supporting enterprises in meeting halal certification standards. These measures protect Muslim consumers, enhance international consumer trust, and foster compliance with global food standards. In the post-pandemic era and Jakarta's transition to a global metropolis after the capital relocation, there is an urgent need to improve culinary literacy initiatives and standardize labeling procedures. These initiatives will strengthen Jakarta’s role as an inclusive and multicultural city, capable of addressing diverse dietary needs. This study, however, is limited in addressing broader policy and regulatory frameworks to ensure compliance across the culinary sector. Future research should explore strategies to overcome these limitations within Jakarta’s complex urban landscape. The findings emphasize the significance of clear labeling and regulatory consistency to promote local businesses, safeguard consumer trust, and support Jakarta’s evolving role in the global market.
... This growth spans various sectors that require halal compliance. It not only caters to the needs of Muslim consumers but also plays a significant role in the global supply chain, making halal labelling a critical aspect in ensuring trust and adherence to standards (Suryawan et al., 2019). For small and medium enterprises (SMEs) aiming to enter the international halal market, the need for accurate product labelling and proper translation (Azman Che Mat, 2014), particularly in Arabic, is crucial. ...
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In the context of globalization and the increasing demand for halal products, the challenge of producing consistent and culturally appropriate translations emerges as a critical issue in this study. Inaccuracies in translation can lead to errors or misunderstandings about the halal status of products, particularly when specific terms lack direct equivalents in Arabic or when the intended meaning is distorted through translation. Accurate translation is, therefore, essential to ensure compliance with halal standards and to build consumer trust. This study aims to identify the role of Arabic translation in ensuring compliance with halal standards in the labelling of products produced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, it seeks to analyze the challenges faced by SMEs in ensuring the accuracy of Arabic translations on halal product labels. The study employs a qualitative approach, with a literature review as the primary method. Sources include journals, articles, and documents related to halal labelling and Arabic translation. Data analysis was conducted by examining key themes and concepts related to the use of translations in halal product labelling, providing a comprehensive understanding of the role and challenges faced by SMEs in ensuring the accuracy of Arabic translations on halal product labels. The findings reveal that Arabic translation on halal product labelling plays a vital role in building trust among Muslim consumers and ensuring compliance with international halal standards. However, challenges exist in maintaining translation accuracy and cultural relevance, as well as navigating the variations in halal labelling regulations across international markets. Hence, improvements in standardization and linguistic precision are necessary to support the assurance of halal product status in a more consistent and effective manner.
... Halal certification for a halal food product is issued by a legally recognized halal certification body so that currently the position of a halal certification body is important in supporting the trade in halal products in the global market to ensure status and guarantee that the product has followed guideline standards and contains ingredients that are permitted for consumption so as to build trust for Muslim consumers to choose these products (Tayob, 2016;Mukhtar and Butt, 2012). The existence of halal certification and labeling makes it easier to identify and provide justification for claims that the product is suitable for consumption (Suryawan et al., 2022) (Yun et al., 2020). The halal food market is believed to have good prospects in the long term in line with the fact that Muslims must prioritize halal products for consumption and the continued increase in the Muslim population both in Muslim-majority countries and in minority countries (Naeem et al., 2020). ...
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Purpose This study aims to unveil the variables that drive Indonesia’s seafood exports to organization of Islamic cooperation (OIC) countries, including a deeper analysis to understand the factors that affect Indonesia’s potential for halal seafood exports, and attempts to validate Linder’s hypothesis, which might occur as part of the determinants of Indonesia’s seafood exports, as well as one of the variables that can affect Indonesia’s potency of halal seafood exports based on economic scale similarities and relative factor endowments. Design/methodology/approach Using Poisson regression by pseudo maximum likelihood, this study applies the theory of trade gravity and Linder’s hypothesis of Indonesia’s seafood exports to OIC countries and its halal market potency over the 30 years observation period from 1992 to 2021, with 47 countries importing Indonesia’s seafood products during the observation period based on United Nations Comtrade statistics. Findings The variables that drive Indonesia’s seafood exports are the situation of the economy between Indonesia and its trading partners, the population of importing countries and the common understanding of language. On the other hand, the adjusted-Muslim GDP of importing countries, the adjusted-Muslim GDP of Indonesia and the number of Muslim inhabitants of importer countries are the factors that affect Indonesia’s potential for halal seafood exports. The study also validates the presence of Linder’s hypothesis in Indonesia’s seafood export and could hint Indonesia’s potential for halal seafood exports Research limitations/implications Owing to the absence of an Harmonized System code that explicitly accommodates trade in halal commodities, especially in halal seafood exports, it will be more accurate if data are available in the future as material for further studies. Future studies may also consider per capita consumption of seafood, food safety standards and the level of food security from OIC countries as variables that might also influence Indonesia’s seafood exports in an approach analysis using the gravity theory of trade. Practical implications This study is part of the authors’ efforts to encourage a greater contribution of the fisheries sector to Indonesia’s GDP by identifying the factors that drive seafood exports, which have so far only been around 2%–3% and have never reached more than 4% in the past two decades. While Indonesia is blessed with extraordinary marine biodiversity and hopes of being the leader of the halal food industry, the fisheries sector is expected to contribute. Originality/value Unlike previous studies that used the approach of the gravity model of trade on food exports, this study is specifically in the field of seafood exports, takes Indonesia as the main object of research and also examines Linder’s hypothesis as part of the analysis to identify what drives Indonesia’s seafood exports in the OIC countries market and fill the scant of studies highlighting the factors that could drive halal food exports, specifically in seafood.
... Studies on the implementation of new regulation of halal certification regulation in Indonesia are widely purposed to explore the role of non-state actors, namely Lembaga Pengkajian Pangan, Obat-obatan dan Kosmetika, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (LPPOM MUI, or Assessment Institute for Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics of The Indonesian Council of Ulama) as the solely body of halal governance in Indonesia under the patronage of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI, or Indonesian Ulema Council) (Hudaefi & Jaswir, 2019;Lindsey, 2012). Besides, other studies focus on the deep explanation of new halal certification trajectory (Maulida 2013;Mohammad Yusuf et al. 2022;Sofiana et al. 2021), the political and economic issue regarding to halal label (Anwar et al. 2020), halal tourism (Adinugraha et al. 2021;Khoiriati et al. 2018;Nuraini & Sucipto 2021;Purwandani & Yusuf 2021;Raya 2022;Winarti 2017), halal pharmacy (Dian Luthviati & Jenvitchuwong, 2021), halal law (Arifin 2020), halal standard for slaughtering (Suryawan et al. 2022) and other similar things. Studies on halal certification for small scale enterprises have still limited and done by few scholars to look at the motivation and expectation to grasp halal certificate letter (Giyanti et al. 2021;Jamaluddin et al. 2022;Silalahi et al. 2022) as well as to explore the lack of awareness of small and medium enterprises. ...
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Through the Law No 33/2014 about Halal Product Assurance, Indonesian government has just implemented halal certification system which mandates all halal related business owners including small scale business owners to gain halal certificate letter issued by halal' state body. This new policy changed the previous halal permission that was proposed voluntarily. It also reduced the role of the previous halal body, namely Lembaga Pengkajian Pangan Obat-obatan dan Kosmetika Majelis Ulama Indonesia (LPPOM MUI, or Assessment Institute for Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics of The Indonesian Council of Ulama) that previously seemed dominantly body of halal certification permission. This paper tries to explore the halal certification for small scale business owners in Indonesia. Being stemmed from qualitative research that combines several data gathering techniques such as in-depth interview, study literature as well as observation, this research shows that the policy changing of halal certification still less attracted small-scale business owners although it was conducted by free of charge. Latterly, it becomes problematic caused by the digitalization of halal certificate permission.
... Evidence suggests that certain Muslims partake in the consumption of food and beverages that are forbidden by Islamic teaching and engage in such behavior in prohibited settings (Saraç et al., 2023). On top of that, the participation of nonbelievers in the production of Halal food and the management of the Halal certification system would face difficulties owing to lack of knowledge and experience in the topics and the process of creating standards (Suryawan et al., 2022). A study conducted in Thailand also revealed that the Halal certification system encountered several challenges, such as limited law enforcement against Halal malpractice, limited access to network diversification and the development of research, insufficient participation from Muslim producers (especially within the big corporations) and a significant burden on Halal certification bodies in facilitating the program (Mohd Nawawi et al., 2020). ...
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The increasing Muslim population and growing demands for Halal products have necessitated a corresponding growth in Halal certification. While Muslim-majority countries typically practice centralized Halal certification governance, non-Muslim countries, including Australia, have their own unique Halal certification body systems. The Australian Government recognizes 24 Halal certification bodies. Previous studies have primarily focused on the general requirements for certification. In contrast, our study takes a unique and novel approach, attempting to understand each body’s system and accessibility from the point of view of customers and food producers. This novel approach should pique the interest of our audience, as it offers a fresh perspective on a well-studied topic. We implemented website content analyses through website searches and comparative analysis to identify information that can assist Halal product consumers and certification applicants. While most bodies have established guidelines for Halal certification, several areas remain unclear, with no procedures to aid consumers and producers in checking and applying for certifications. Our study identifies these areas for improvement, with the goal of enhancing information accessibility and marketability of these bodies to assist consumers and applicants in obtaining proper guidance on Halal certification. This research is not just theoretical, but it has practical implications that can significantly improve the Halal certification process in Australia, making it more accessible and marketable. This reassurance of practical application should instill confidence in the audience about the relevance and usefulness of the study.
... The process towards a one-application halal product registration system requires several multilateral steps (Suryawan et al., 2019) ASEAN to be developed and implemented. The most fundamental measure to be conducted is through multilateral agreements on halal products that contain standard requirements, registration process, an establishment of an ASEAN regional halal certification agency, an integrated accreditation system and an ASEAN halal certification system. ...
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Objective: ASEAN is a single market and production base, where unity occurs free flow of goods, services, capital, investment and production, as well as the elimination of tariffs for trade between ASEAN countries are the reality that is not subject to bargain ASEAN countries especially Indonesia. ASEAN goods in the free trade raise concerns in the Muslim community in Indonesia and other ASEAN countries regarding the halal state of products from abroad. They need to be certified using standars terms, labels and registration procedures. Methods: This current research applies a normative juridical method that includes investigation of positive law inventory, research on legal principles and in-concreto law research, systematic research of the law, research of legal history and comparison of law. The data used in this research is secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The nature of this research is analytical descriptive, i.e., making a systematic empirical analysis about facts. including describing rules and policies Conclusion: This descriptive and analytical research explores the halal certification system with a single application in which employers (registrars) can register for halal certification in the country of origin to obtain halal certification in ASEAN and selected countries with their respective halal logos. Furthermore, it should involve catalysts such as the Regional Council of Halal Accreditation for ASEAN countries which requested listing.
... The questionnaire is distributed to the respondents by social media (online).The respondents are people having got the questionnaires and returned them after answering them to the researcher. The research sample is those who have conducted tours in the tourist destination areas in Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, where the majority of the population is non-Muslim.Many researches on Halal tourism have been conducted from different perspectives.The concept of Halal attributes in restaurants or cafes and the perception of Halal by Muslim tourists(Akhtar et al., 2020); Halal product principles related to the microbial content; standardizing the criteria of Halal food(Suryawan et al., 2019); marketing strategy for Halal tourism(Yousaf & Xiucheng, 2018) are themes included in those researches. This paper discusses how the Halal food and drinks logos are displayed in the activities of Halal tourism in Indonesia. ...
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Purpose: The Halal logo is the brand of a tourist attraction for Muslim tourists. With the branding Halal, the visitors will assume if the food and drinks are Halal to eat or drink. This paper aims to introduce branding the Halal logo display on Halal tourism activities in Indonesia. Theoretical framework: The approach used is communication semiotics. The data were obtained by an online-based survey of respondents who had travelled in Indonesia, particularly in tourist destination areas where the majority of the population was non-Muslim. Design/methodology/approach: The approach used is communication semiotics. The data were obtained by an online-based survey of respondents who had travelled in Indonesia, particularly in tourist destination areas where the majority of the population was non-Muslim. Findings: This paper concludes that the way tourists determine food and at least Halal is by finding a restaurant with a Halal logo, searching the internet about Halal restaurants, asking the hotel staff about Halal restaurants and asking friends or family who has visited the same tourist destination about Halal restaurants in the area to visit Research, Practical & Social implications: The representation of Halal in a restaurant is the restaurants having a Halal certificate marked by a Halal logo label and those having no a Halal certificate with a Halal logo but offering Halal food. Originality/value: This research contributed that the logo label represents Halal food although not all restaurants have Halal certificates. The Halal logo label is the branding that attracts Muslim tourists.
... Menurut (Suryawan et al., 2019) Halal, kata Arab yang berarti "diizinkan" atau "diizinkan", adalah istilah yang memiliki akar dalam Al-Qur'an (secara harfiah berarti "bacaan", yaitu kitab ilahi) dan sunnah (secara harfiah berarti "jalan", yaitu kehidupan, ajaran dan tindakan Nabi Muhammad), dua sumber utama hukum Islam. Secara historis halal adalah konsep yang telah mencakup setiap aspek kehidupan seorang Muslim, tetapi saat ini telah banyak dikaitkan dan digunakan untuk hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan produksi dan konsumsi makanan (Van Waarden dan Van Dalen, 2013;Armanios dan Ergene, 2018). ...
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Knowledge of Halal Logistics and Dangerous Goods is a basic necessity for logistics students in the era of asean economic and globalization society. Human resources readiness becomes a basic requirement to be able to compete for students. The partner of this activity is Indonesian Logistic Community (ILC) Chapter Academic. The problem facing partners today is the lack of knowledge of members on Halal Logistics and Dangerous Goods. The purpose of this activity is; provide basic knowledge about Halal Logistics and Dangerous Goods in the world of transportation and logistics, considering the increasing volume of movement of dangerous goods and also public interest in halal logistics as part of the lifestyle so that the logistics community needs to have knowledge about both things. Participants of this activity are members of ILC Chapter Academics plus PKM Team and ITL Trisakti students who numbered 94 people. The activity time is February 23, 2021. Method of activity through the introduction of Halal logistics and handling of dangerous goods using training methods, question and answer and video playback. The result of this activity is increased knowledge about Halal logistics and handling of dangerous goods in the world of transportation and logistics.
... Menurut (Suryawan et al., 2019) Halal, kata Arab yang berarti "diizinkan" atau "diizinkan", adalah istilah yang memiliki akar dalam Al-Qur'an (secara harfiah berarti "bacaan", yaitu kitab ilahi) dan sunnah (secara harfiah berarti "jalan", yaitu kehidupan, ajaran dan tindakan Nabi Muhammad), dua sumber utama hukum Islam. Secara historis halal adalah konsep yang telah mencakup setiap aspek kehidupan seorang Muslim, tetapi saat ini telah banyak dikaitkan dan digunakan untuk hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan produksi dan konsumsi makanan (Van Waarden dan Van Dalen, 2013;Armanios dan Ergene, 2018). ...
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Knowledge of Halal Logistics and Dangerous Goods is a basic necessity for logistics students in the era of asean economic and globalization society. Human resources readiness becomes a basic requirement to be able to compete for students. The partner of this activity is Indonesian Logistic Community (ILC) Chapter Academic. The problem facing partners today is the lack of knowledge of members on Halal Logistics and Dangerous Goods. The purpose of this activity is; provide basic knowledge about Halal Logistics and Dangerous Goods in the world of transportation and logistics, considering the increasing volume of movement of dangerous goods and also public interest in halal logistics as part of the lifestyle so that the logistics community needs to have knowledge about both things. Participants of this activity are members of ILC Chapter Academics plus PKM Team and ITL Trisakti students who numbered 94 people. The activity time is February 23, 2021. Method of activity through the introduction of Halal logistics and handling of dangerous goods using training methods, question and answer and video playback. The result of this activity is increased knowledge about Halal logistics and handling of dangerous goods in the world of transportation and logistics.
... Another research by (Suryawan, Hisano, and Jongerden 2019) The rapid growth in the global halal market in recent years has invited scholars to pay attention to the development of halal standards. However, the actual process behind the formulation of the criteria specified in the halal standard is still not explored. ...
... One of those debates emerged from scientific findings and civil society anxieties about industrialized farm animal production, prompting a soaring concern on how to establish adequate controls that safeguard animal welfare 1 in livestock industries all over the world (Bennett 1997;Fraser 2008;FAO 2009;Shepherd and Wilson 2013;Buller and Roe 2014;EU 2017;Buddle et al., 2021). Animal welfare within the international industrialized meat system is a multifaceted and interdisciplinary issue with ethical, economic, political, cultural, scientific, and religious implications (Giovanucci and Ponte 2005;Webster 2008;Lever and Miele 2012;Carey et al., 2017;FMO 2018;Suryawan et al., 2019;Fernandes et al., 2021). Increasingly, such complex matters are approached worldwide through bilateral agreements to disseminate international animal welfare standards 2 (Fulponi, 2006;Lundmark et al., 2018, Paschke andDenv, 2021). ...
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International agreements have been adopted in recent years to disseminate animal welfare standards worldwide, similar to the situation for environmental and social sustainability standards. Scholars who have analyzed such initiatives argue that this calls for contextualized strategies for a successful implementation of international animal welfare standards in specific settings, also emphasizing the relevance of individuals and institutions who function as intermediaries in these complex situations of change. However, previous studies do not provide empirical insights into how different intermediaries work in relation to international animal welfare standards implementation in national contexts. Focusing empirically on the implementation of EU animal welfare directives in Brazilian pig production, this paper aims to connect the standards implementation and intermediation literatures to deepen the understanding of how a network of intermediaries formed and acted as an 'ecology of intermediaries' to facilitate the implementation process for international animal welfare standards. The paper aims to enrich debates on how to develop contextualized strategies that can translate recognized international regulations into practical animal welfare improvements. Our findings provide evidence that collective inter-mediation efforts are pivotal in addressing demands (such as translation, adaptation, regulation) that emerge from the complex situation of change provoked by the implementation of international animal welfare standards in national contexts. The main implication of our study for theory on standards implementation is that the operationalization of a contextualized strategy linked to international animal welfare standards implementation is composed of a normative dimension and a technological dimension and that, to achieve their desired outcome, contextualized strategies also rely on connected and complementary intermediation actions.
... Accordingly, HAS 23000 is used by the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency, as the recently appointed halal certification body, to perform a strict procedure in ensuring a consistent halal status on food products (Katuk et al., 2020). The appointment of the new and sole halal certification body is based on Law No. 33 on Halal Product Assurance on 2014, which also decrees for halal certification of food products to be mandatory from previously voluntary (Suryawan et al., 2019). The regulatory shift was put into effect on 2019 and intended for halal quality assurance to protect the Indonesian Muslim consumers' dietary regulation as required by the Islamic dietary principles (Hosanna and Nugroho, 2018). ...
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Indonesian Muslim millennials’ decision-making process in purchasing halal food by introducing knowledge variable into the theory of planned behavior framework and education level (EL; i.e. low vs high) as the moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach There were 400 questionnaires that were distributed to obtain responses from Indonesian Muslim millennials consumers. SmartPLS was used as the structural equation modeling approach to perform the multi-group analysis. Findings EL plays an important role that determines Indonesian Muslim millennials’ decision-making process to purchase halal food. Research limitations/implications The EL was distinguished based on the Indonesian formal education system, which excluded the religious education system from the analysis. Practical implications The information conveyance of halal food product attributes should be conducted gradually according to the millennial consumers’ EL. Millennial consumers with higher EL are more likely to internalize the credence attributes of halal food compared to the lower EL counterpart. Originality/value This study found the significant differences in terms of halal food purchase decision-making between the two groups of lower EL and higher EL.
... In Islam, the controversy over preslaughter stunning reached a global scale. Moreover, agencies in different countries addressing halal certification failed to reach an agreement regarding this issue 40 . ...
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Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji wacana otoriterisme dalam Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah adanya pendapat atau tudingan yang menyatakan bahwa UU Jaminan Produk Halal di Indonesia mencerminkan otoritarianisme dan mengancam hak asasi manusia, khususnya keyakinan beragama. Lebih lanjut, wacana otoriterisme dalam UU Jaminan Produk Halal di Indonesia juga diartikan sebagai upaya untuk memaksakan tafsir tunggal terhadap ketentuan hukum Islam. Dalam artikel ini kami memeriksa validitas dari tuduhan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan statute approach dan conceptual approach. Dalam penelitian ini kami menemukan bahwa klaim otoriterisme dalam UU Jaminan Produk Halal di Indonesia adalah klaim yang keliru. Karena pada prinsipnya UU Jaminan Produk Halal tidak melarang peredaran produk haram, sehingga tidak ada hak nonmuslim yang dilanggar. Dan sentralisasi kewenangan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) terhadap penafsiran ketentuan kehalalan suatu produk diperlukan untuk menjamin terpenuhinya asas kepastian hukum.
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This study explores critical aspects of halal supply chain management within Indonesia’s poultry sector, with a specific ‎focus on small and medium enterprises operating poultry slaughterhouses. The research addresses the challenges and ‎opportunities in achieving consistent halal certification standards across the supply chain, from raw material sourcing to ‎end-product distribution. We obtained data from consumers, academicians, halal officers, slaughterhouse operators, ‎restaurants, and poultry slaughterers and employed quantitative analysis supported by a Strengths, Weaknesses, ‎Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework, ANOVA, and regression. The findings reveal that storage is the most ‎critical and well-implemented component, followed by transportation and packaging, while technology remains the ‎weakest link, indicating substantial room for improvement. Consumer expectations emerged as the highest across all ‎value chain components, particularly regarding contamination prevention and temperature control. The SWOT analysis ‎highlights strengths such as public awareness and sanitation practices, alongside opportunities in digital innovation, e.g., ‎blockchain and Internet of Things, while exposing weaknesses in monitoring systems and storage infrastructure. The ‎study concludes that a successful halal supply chain requires an integrated approach—aligning technical standards, ‎enhancing infrastructure, enhancing technology, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration. Strengthening these ‎elements is essential not only for ensuring halal integrity but also to enhance Indonesia's competitiveness in the global ‎halal market‎.
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The increasing global halal awareness also impacts the world of health. In the world of health, vaccination is one of the simplest, safest, and effective ways to protect humans from dangerous diseases. Vaccinations are still vulnerable to criticism for their halal status because the enzymes used in the past were mostly sourced from non-halal or prohibited materials. Now, through genetic engineering, enzymes sourced from non-halal or prohibited materials can be replaced. Indeed, one of the critical points of vaccine production is enzymes. As catalysts for organic chemical or biochemical reactions, enzymes are critical points in halal pharmaceuticals, including halal vaccines. Therefore, by embracing literature review and case studies, this chapter will focus on three issues as a discussion: (1) the mainstream biochemical process in vaccine production; (2) biochemical transformation of halal vaccine production through genetic engineering; (3) implications of halal vaccine production through genetic engineering for economies of scale.
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Purpose-This research aims to analyze the application of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah principles according to al-Shatibi in the context of the halal lifestyle in the digital era. The main focus of this research is how digital technology, such as halal e-commerce platforms and digital halal marker applications, can facilitate access and transparency of halal products. In addition, this study examines the relevance of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah principles in the contemporary Islamic legal framework in facing the challenges of regulation and validity of halal information. Methods-This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach and case analysis. Data is collected through literature studies related to digital halal regulations and studies on technology implementation in supporting halal lifestyles. Findings-The results show that digital technology plays a role in strengthening halal lifestyles through innovations that increase accessibility and transparency. However, challenges such as unverified information, evolving regulations, and potential deviations from Shariah principles must be addressed. Collaboration between government, industry, and society is key to overcoming these challenges. Contribution/Limitation-This research contributes to understanding the relationship between Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, digital technology, and contemporary Islamic law in supporting halal lifestyle. However, this research is still limited to literature analysis and does not include empirical research on halal technology users in Indonesia. Originality/Value-This research offers new insights into the integration of technology in the principles of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah in contemporary Islamic law.
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As part of safeguarding human rights, Indonesia has issued regulations on halal products that encourage entrepreneurs to certify their products. To facilitate this effort, the country has implemented several policies. Adopting a human rights perspective, this article aims to elucidate the government's policies on halal products at the regulatory and implementation levels. To attain a more comprehensive understanding, this research employs a legal comparative approach, using Malaysia as a benchmark. The findings of this study indicate that normatively, Indonesia has generated a range of legal instruments serving as the foundation for halal products. These legal instruments are systematically implemented, from the central government down to the grassroots level. However, this implementation encounters challenges such as normative ambiguity and the expansive interpretation of products that require halal certification. This is in contrast to Malaysia, which regulates halal products in a more dynamic and flexible manner.
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Purpose: The majority of people in Aceh Province are Muslims, and the region strictly adheres to Sharia law, particularly in the halal products sector. With a focus on Aceh region, this study attempts to assess growth, obstacles, and solutions in the development of the halal business and halal goods in Indonesia.Design/Method/Approach: This study employed qualitative approaches to find material from secondary sources, including books, journals, and national statistics organizations, and to gather data.Findings: The provincial administration of Aceh has worked to establish the halal market and halal goods as an important economic driver.Originality/Values: The number of visits from visitors, particularly those from outside, is rising year after year, which reflects this expansion. The administration of Aceh province anticipates advantages from this research in the growth of the halal sector and halal goods.
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Business actors receiving a halal certification can contribute directly to realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. The halal certification application has been developed using digital technology to facilitate access and speed up the service process. The halal policy for food products indicates the sustainability of beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and service providers. However, the problem arises of how products that have passed the halal certificate can be reviewed for sustainability in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects in their development in the era of digital product services. The goal is that consumers and business actors increasingly believe in the urgency of halal certification to support the sustainability of products and services produced from an economic, social, and environmental perspective. Thus, it will impact business actors who are increasingly motivated to register their products and services to have halal certificates, especially with the application of digital technology to make it easier for users. Therefore, in this study, we will examine the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on products that have passed the halal certification. This concept will review how to analyze the social, economic, and environmental impacts on the life cycle of halal products. The method used is qualitative, with a literature review in the form of a narrative review of the latest globally indexed scientific articles. They were then analyzed with a classification approach based on objectives, research questions, results evaluation, and knowledge contribution. The result is that the concept of SDGs in halal certification is critical to study with the conceptual framework of its analysis. This paper will explore more deeply because it aligns with the global SDGs program.
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Indonesia's potential in the halal industry is currently very calculated, because Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. This role should not only be seen as a mere captive market but must also encourage the growth of the halal industry in Indonesia which is able to compete globally. However, currently the Indonesian halal food and beverage industry is not yet included in the top 10 countries with the best performance in the world for halal food and beverages. Whereas on the other hand, Indonesia actually has a great opportunity to develop halal products in this sector. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of implementing the halal value chain (HVC) ecosystem in the halal food and beverage industry in Indonesia. This research method uses a type of qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and literature study. The results of this study indicate that based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) regarding the Data on the Number of Exports of Halal Food and Beverages for 2022 after the implementation of HVC shows that there has been an increase in the export process and a reduction in the import process; this means that the application of HVC to halal food and beverages in Indonesia is very influential so that it can increase the effectiveness of these halal products even though they are not fully running optimally. The supporting factors for the success of HVC are government support, halal assets, information technology, human resource management, collaborative partnerships, halal certification and halal traceability.
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Halal food products are requisite to be consumed by Muslim communities in the world. The standard methods capable of quantifying non-halal components are very urgent. This review highlights the chromatographic methods and chemometric or multivariate data analysis that offer reliable techniques to provide the separation capacity in halal authentication analysis. This review article was written from reputable worldwide databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, between January and February 2022. The keywords were “halal research,” “food analysis,” “chromatography,” “chemometrics” and “authentication.” Chromatographic-based techniques in combination with chemometrics of multivariate analysis, a powerful statistical analysis to manage huge data generated from analytical measurement, could be used to identify potential markers to differentiate halal and non-halal samples. Chromatogram and peak separation profiles resulted as the instrument responses can be further evaluated for determination as well as quantification of halal and non-halal components in food products. Combination of chromatographic-based method and chemometrics techniques with some scenarios can be applied for halal research on food products.
Article
This study contributes a data-driven of sustainable food supply chain with the comparison between Halal and non-Halal food, and suggestion for future studies and practical fulfillments. Although food supply chain is urged to become sustainable, there is a lack of a systematic data-driven describing the most appropriate indicators to advance both Halal and non-Halal sustainable food supply chain. With an aim of analyzing up-to-date sustainable food supply chain, a combination of content analysis, fuzzy Delphi method, fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory is presented. The results show that the most significant indicators for non-Halal sustainable food supply chain are food consumption, food safety, food security, resilience, food waste management. The most crucial indicators of Halal sustainable food supply chain consist of Halal certification, Halal supply chain trust, Islamic values, Halal food safety. A contemporary sustainable food supply chain is presented and future trends, challenges, and opportunities are determined.
Conference Paper
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Purpose: Researchers have been actively investigating various issues concerning food and halal compliance framework. The analysis is focused on descriptions of the characteristics and trends of keywords, authors, journals and citations. This study reviews articles in order to map the problems, models, solution approaches and more importantly, the future directions of this field. Design/methodology/approach: Our method employs 204 articles on food and halal compliance research indexed by Scopus. Various techniques from statistics, bibliometric, and analytics are systematically deployed to gain insights on how the literature address these topics. The data was then processed and analyzed using the VOSviewer application program to select the bibliometric mapping of research developments on food and halal compliance Findings: The results showed that the visualization of the mapping of research developments in this theme was divided into three clusters. Cluster one consists of 53 topics, cluster two consists of 42 topics, cluster 3 consists of 32 topics. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on articles that discuss food and halal compliance framework.
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Okara is a by-product of the production of soy-based products. Okara has been found to have numerous benefits for the food, pharmaceutical, and renewable-sources industries. However, information on its application in the cosmetic industry is still limited. Growing concerns about the use of animal-derived ingredients such as gelatine and collagen in cosmetic products are driving demand from both Muslim and non- Muslim consumers. As a result, looking for alternatives for those critical ingredients is essential. In the present study, the functional cosmetic properties of okara were explored by screening its bioactive component, screening the potential of UVprotective effect, determination of the sun protection factor (SPF) and screening for potential as a whitening agent via an in vitro tyrosinase assay. Findings revealed that okara inhibited the tyrosinase enzyme and might be utilised as a skin-whitening agent. Okara also exhibited a sun-protective effect against UV rays. The SPF value of okara extracts is 14.28. Since okara is a plant-derived ingredient, it can be incorporated as a cosmetic ingredient in halal cosmetic products as long as important aspects of production are addressed, such as the use of permissible substances, manufacturing, storage, packaging, and delivery in accordance with Shariah requirements.
Preprint
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Researchers have been actively investigating various issues concerning halal food and sharia framework. The analysis is focused on descriptions of the characteristics and trends of keywords, authors, journals and citations. This study reviews articles in order to map the problems, models, solution approaches and more importantly, the future directions of this field.
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This article explores the adaptation and modification of the tradition of woni in Manggarai culture, Flores, in encounters with Muslims. Before the Manggarai people met the Muslim community, the tradition of woni was used to honor clans that had certain ceki. Ceki can be compared to the concept of totems in classical anthropological studies, namely animals or plants that are considered sacred by a particular community and become symbols and identities of a clan. Due to its sacred nature, the animal or plant is treated as taboo. In encounters with Muslims, Manggarai Catholics practiced the tradition of woni by providing halal food. This is also done to maintain inter-religious harmony. However, along with the growing awareness of the concept of halal, accompanied by a movement to purify the teachings of Islam and the rise of identity politics, the question of food provided by non-Muslims becomes increasingly sensitive and even crucial. This factor encourages Catholics to adopt variations in practicing the tradition of woni. Employing an ethnographic approach, this study found seven models of adaptation to the tradition of woni practiced by Manggarai Catholics today. The more rigid the Muslim community practices the concept of halal, the higher the adaptation of the Manggarai Catholics to conform to the Muslim standards. Conversely, the easier the practice of Muslims regarding halal food, the model of adaptation by the Manggarai Catholics may become lesser.
Book
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In the first decades of the 21st century, kosher and halal markets have become global in scope and states, manufacturers, restaurants, shops and consumers around the world have been presented with ever stricter and more complex kosher and halal requirements. Religion, regulation, consumption: Globalising kosher and halal markets explores the emergence and expansion of these markets for religiously certified food products with a particular focus on the UK and Denmark. This is the first book of its kind to explore kosher and halal comparatively in this context and there is a particular focus on the market, consumers, religious organisations and the state. The book moves beyond traditional concerns for kosher and halal meat production and consumption to include developments in biotechnology. It also explores the challenges faced by kosher and halal consumers in this context, and the need for more elaborate forms of justification and self-discipline in deciding what is and is not acceptable.
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Purpose This paper attempts to provide an overview of different understandings regarding the concept of "what constitutes halal" and "who determines this concept?" In practice, this equates to contemporary legal understandings versus religious understandings. The paper further aims to provide an overview of competing Muslim understandings regarding the concept of "What does or does not constitute halal slaughter?" In practice, this equates to evaluating the application of no stunning at all upon an animal (unanimous acceptance) versus the application of reversible stunning upon an animal (contested). Design/methodology/approach The study includes a review of priori literature and considers the current scenario of the halal poultry trade and raises important questions regarding Islamic dietary practices, halal food integrity, religious and animal welfare understandings. Three key questions were raised: "To what extent does stunning impact halal slaughter?’, ‘Who determines what is halal slaughter?’ and ‘What are the variations and tensions between legal and religious understandings of halal slaughter?’ Findings The examination of such requirements and concomitant consumer and provider expectations is underpinned by a study of an operational framework, i.e. industry practices with poultry (hand slaughter, stunning, mechanical slaughter, etc.), ethical values and market forces to appraise whether there is a point of convergence for these that can be beneficial for both seller and consumer concerns. This paper has considered different perspectives on the religious slaughter and provided an overview of competing understandings regarding the above concepts. Originality/value This study although academic and philosophical in nature, raises questions on route to suggesting future research directions. It provides real value in stimulating more research in the area of halal food production and contributes to the understanding of different slaughter requirements for religious slaughter and the meat industry. It further sheds light on not only the religious and secular legal frameworks on animal slaughter and welfare but also the variations in understanding between them and provides examples of attempts to bridge any gap. The paper highlights the importance of halal food based on religious values and its implications for wider society.
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This paper discusses the ethics of killing animals for food by looking at current practices of conventional and halal slaughter in Egypt and in the UK. It addresses the role of animal science (with its recent advances on animal sentience), slaughterhouse technologies (with increased mechanization) and religion (with its multiple interpretations of religious rules in the case of halal slaughter) in affecting the public acceptability and the ethical questioning of these practices, as well as the controversy about the authenticity of halal meat in Europe.
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The consumption of halal food may be seen as an expression of the Muslim identity. Within Islam, different interpretations of ‘halal’ exist and the pluralistic Muslim community requests diverse halal standards. Therefore, adaptive governance arrangements are needed in the halal food market. Globalization and industrialization have complicated the governance of halal food. A complex network of halal governors has developed from the local to the global level. In this paper, we analyze to what extent halal certification bodies in the Netherlands address the needs of the Muslim community and how they are influenced by international halal governance. The Netherlands serves as a case study with its growing Muslim community and its central position in international trade. The data comes from literature review and eleven qualitative semi-structured interviews with the most prominent actors in the Dutch halal governance system. Our analysis shows that the halal governance system in the Netherlands is weakly institutionalized and hardly adaptive to the needs of a heterogeneous Muslim community. Improvements are needed concerning stakeholder engagement, transparency, accessibility, impartiality and efficiency.
Article
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Most recent scholarship on moral economies or religious markets argues for the compatibility of economies/markets and religious practices in particular national or regional contexts. However, over the last couple of decades or so religious markets have entered a new phase characterized by new forms of regulation, certification and standardization on a global scale. Building on research on global kosher (a Hebrew term meaning "fit" or "proper"), halal (an Arabic word that literally means "permissible" or "lawful") and Hindu vegetarianism this paper argues that these economies or markets to a large extent are conditioned by and themselves condition forms of transnational governmentality, that is, new and often overlapping practices of government and grassroots politics. I explore religious economies and markets at three interrelated levels of the social scale: state and non-state regulation, the marketplace and consumers. Epistemologically, comparison is used as a powerful conceptual mechanism that fixes attention on kosher, halal and Hindu vegetarian similarities and differences.
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In Arabic, halal literally means ‘permissible’ or ‘lawful’. Halal is no longer an expression of an esoteric form of production, trade and consumption, but part of a huge and expanding globalized market in which certification, standards and technoscience play important roles. Over the past three decades, Malaysia has become a world leader in the global expansion of halal markets. This has come about in large part because the state and government of Malaysia have taken on the role of halal-certifying authority within the country. In effect, it has certified, standardized and bureaucratized halal production, trade and consumption. Based on fieldwork in Malaysia, this article explores how manufacturing companies understand and practise halal certification, standards and technoscience. I argue that while existing studies of halal overwhelmingly explore micro-social aspects such as the everyday consumption among Muslim groups, ‘the bigger institutional picture’ that frames such consumption production and regulation are not well understood. By studying halal production, I provide an ethnography of the overlapping technologies and techniques of production and regulation that together warrant a product as ‘halal’ and thereby help to format the market.
Book
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In today’s globalized world, halal (meaning ‘permissible’ or ‘lawful’) is about more than food. Politics, power and ethics all play a role in the halal industry in setting new standards for production, trade, consumption and regulation. The question of how modern halal markets are constituted is increasingly important and complex. Written from a unique interdisciplinary global perspective, this volume demonstrates that as the market for halal products and services is expanding and standardizing, it is also fraught with political, social and economic contestation and difference. The discussion is illustrated by rich ethnographic case studies from a range of contexts, and consideration is given to both Muslim majority and minority societies. The book will be of interest to students and scholars working across the humanities and social sciences, including anthropology, sociology and religious studies. 1. Introduction: Modern halal markets (Florence Bergeaud-Blackler, Johan Fischer and John Lever) 2. Re-imagining Malaysia: A postliberal halal strategy? (John Lever) 3. From an implicit to an explicit understanding: new definitions of halal in Turkey (John Lever and Haluk Anil) 4. Remembering the spirit of halal: An Iranian perspective (Maryam Attar, Khalil Lohi and John Lever) 5. Domestic cooking in Marrakech’s medina (Katharina Graff) 6. Islamizing foods (Florence Bergeaud-Blackler) 7. The halal certification market in Europe and in the World: a first panorama (Florence Bergeaud-Blackler) 8. Green Halal: Looking for ethical choices (Manon Istasse) 9. Halal, diaspora and the secular in London (Johan Fischer) 10. Muslim food consumption in China: Between qingzhen and halal. (Yukari Sai and Johan Fischer) 11. The political economy of Islamic markets: Halal training in Singapore (Johan Fischer) 12. Who owns halal? International initiatives of halal food regulations (Florence Bergeaud-Blackler) Read INTRODUCTION : https://www.book2look.com/embed/9781317597384
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The halal food markets, catering to the dietary concerns of Muslims, have grown worldwide. Literature has discussed growing halal markets, particularly meat, and competing forms of certification to address quality and other concerns of Muslim consumers. Yet, discussions about genetically engineered (GE) food in the Muslim world are comparatively new. The GE debates also do not address diversity of opinions in the Islamic world about the halal status of GE food despite efforts to reach a consensus. This paper integrates debates on GE food and halal certification. It focuses on three major issues: The factors that affect the growth of halal markets, different interpretations of GE food in the Islamic world, and the reasons for lack of consensus on the halal status of GE food through a case study of Turkey. It argues that fragmented halal markets, in which diverse actors from the state to the industry have different interests, and the complexity of GE food make it difficult to reach a consensus on the halal status of GE food. Divergence on the halal status of GE food presents further challenges for Muslim consumers who desire to access healthy and religiously proper food in global agri-food systems.
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The main aim of this book has been to explore how standards — and associated technologies of governing — are produced as objects of knowledge, and the various ways in which they contribute to the configuring as well as reorganizing of local practices. In pursuing this aim, contributors have drawn upon post-realist analytical approaches, and specifically the rich bodies of work labelled as governmentality and actor network theory The application of these approaches to a range of substantive case studies illustrates the significance and pervasiveness of what we term standardizing work as an ongoing and never completed process of ‘making up’ objects, subjects and practices of modern governing. This needs to be contrasted with standardization which implies a process that is complete, successful and black-boxed. Realist approaches focus on the macro-structural regulatory processes and actors through which standards are created and given momentum (Brunsson and Jacobsson, 2000; Drori et al., 2006; Tamm Hallström, 2004). From this perspective, the rise of standards is reflective of a progressive rationalization of the social world. Their global diffusion and penetration of new domains leads to ever more formalized ways of categorizing and judging social domains and practices. In contrast, the approach taken by contributors to this book emphasizes the significance of various practices and agents in constructing spaces and subjects that are amenable to standardizing, and through which standards ‘projects’ are rendered knowable and governable.
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The consumption patterns of poultry products in Yogyakarta and its surroundings and in the Jabodetabek region that includes Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi cities were investigated through interviews with 200 selected consumers by using structured questionnaires. The respondents were grouped by their gender, age, education and monthly household income. They were dominated by housewives aged 36-49 years, by elementary school graduates, and by those with an average monthly income of Rp. 2 647 000. The aim of the study was to investigate the change of poultry consumption patterns before and after the major outbreaks of Avian Influenza. The types of birds purchased and their forms of products and purchase location are examined. The results show only limited influence of the risks from Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on consumption patterns. Consumers continue buying live poultry and its products in traditional markets and from street vendors. Eating outside the home from street stall is common and is now become increasingly trendy. Exotic poultry and cooled chicken meat have a bad image because people believe that they contain preservatives, antibiotics and chemicals. Most results of the survey results are in general similar for consumers in both Jabodetabek and Yogyakarta but few difference have been highlighted
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Standards are an omnipresent yet generally taken-for-granted part of our everyday life (Higgins and Larner, 2010a; Timmermans and Epstein, 2010; Busch, 2011). Until recently, standards within the agri-food sector were typically dismissed (if thought of at all) by social scientists as rather benign, technical tools, primarily of interest to specialists concerned with facilitating markets and trade. Over the past decade, however, this assessment has changed considerably and many agri-food scholars now view standards as a useful entry point for analysing and understanding our social and material world. The degree of interest today is reflected in the fact that our call for papers on private agri-food standards attracted so many high-quality submissions that we are publishing this special issues in two parts. In part, this shift in interest reflects the influence of science studies and its concern with studying ‘mundane’ and taken-for-granted objects and practices (Higgins and Larner, 2010b). Here scholars take inanimate objects seriously, to understand, for example, how non-human actors such as standards allow humans to ‘act at a distance’ (Latour, 1987), thereby ordering relations across time and space. Many agri-food researchers are also concerned with the rise of private food standards developed by global retailers and non-government organizations, including understanding the role that these standards might play in coordinating and governing production and consumption relations within the context of globalization (Giovannucci and Ponte, 2005; Hatanaka et al., 2005; Mutersbaugh, 2005; Tallontire et al., 2011).
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This paper explores Malaysia’s efforts to develop and dominate a global market in halal (literally, ‘lawful or ‘permitted’) commodities as a diaspora strategy and how Malaysian state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in London respond to and are affected by this effort. The empirical focus is on London because this city not only holds a special position in the Malaysian state’s halal vision but also historical linkages that evoke diaspora strategies. I argue that Malaysian diaspora strategies should be explored in the interfaces between Islam, state and market. Among the political elite, and, thus, the Malaysian state, there exists a fascination with discovering or even inventing a cosmopolitan ‘Malay diaspora’ and current diaspora strategies try to address this challenge. An important question explored is how the Malaysian diaspora in London understand and practise Malaysian diaspora strategies in the globalized market for halal products and services. This paper is based on ethnographic material from fieldwork among state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in Kuala Lumpur and London, namely participant observation and interviewing.
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Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of halal meat consumption within a Muslim migration population using the theory of planned behaviour as a conceptual framework. The role of self-identity as a Muslim and dietary acculturation in the host culture is explored. Design/methodology/approach - Cross-sectional data were collected through a survey with 576 Muslims mainly originating from North Africa and currently living in France. Data were analysed by means of independent samples' t-tests, correlations and stepwise multiple regression. Findings - A positive personal attitude towards the consumption of halal meat, the influence of peers and the perceived control over consuming halal meat predict the intention to eat halal meat among Muslims. Research implications/limitations - Limitations include the use of a convenience sample and the focus on only two individual characteristics related to religious food consumption, namely self-identity and dietary acculturation. Additional individual characteristics such as trust, values or involvement could improve the predictive power of the model. Practical implications - Practical implications extend to food policy decision-makers and food marketers who might pursue identity - and/or acculturation-related strategies in their distribution and communication efforts targeted at the growing halal food market segment in Western Europe. Originality/value - This study is one of the first studies investigating the determinants of halal meat consumption in general and a first application of the theory of planned behaviour within a food, religion and migration context, i.e. halal meat consumption decisions in a Muslim migration population in France. In general, this study indicates that the predictive power of the classic TPB in this very specific context is limited.
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The Netherlands, like other Western countries, is a growing market for halal food products, that is, food products that comply with Islamic food laws. Halal food is becoming more visible as Dutch supermarkets, hospitals and schools decide to include halal food in their supply. This development has been criticised by animal protectionists and people who fear the ‘Islamisation’ of Dutch society. In this article, the regulation of halal food in the Netherlands is compared to the regulation of kosher food in the Netherlands and the United States. I will analyse the division of roles between state actors, the food industry, certification agencies and religious authorities in these regulatory arrangements. Contrary to expectation, the regulatory arrangements are rather state-centred in several US states (liberal market economy), whereas the Dutch corporatist welfare state plays a limited role by allowing religious slaughter and leaving the issue of halal and kosher certification entirely to commercial and religious organisations.
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Knowledge of the kosher and halal dietary laws is important to the Jewish and Muslim populations who observe these laws and to food companies that wish to market to these populations and to interested consumers who do not observe these laws. The kosher dietary laws determine which foods are “fit or proper” for Jews and deal predominantly with 3 issues: allowed animals, the prohibition of blood, and the prohibition of mixing milk and meat. These laws are derived from the Torah and the oral law received by Moses on Mount Sinai (Talmud). Additional laws cover other areas such as grape products, cheese, baking, cooking, tithing, and foods that may not be eaten during the Jewish festival of Passover. Halal laws are derived from the Quran and the Hadith, the traditions of the prophet Muhammad. As with Kosher laws, there are specific allowed animals and a prohibition of the consumption of blood. Additionally, alcohol is prohibited.
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This paper investigates the socio-technical construction, quality control, and coordination of the credence quality attribute “halal” throughout the halal meat chain. The paper is framed within Actor-Network Theory and economic Conventions Theory. Islamic dietary laws or prescriptions, and how these are translated into production and processing standards using a HACCP-like approach, are discussed. Current halal quality coordination is strongly based on civic and domestic logics in which Muslim consumers prefer transacting with Muslim butchers, that is, individuals of known reputation with similar moral and religious obligations. The HACCP-like approach with identification of critical halal control points, as presented in this paper, fits with the industrial quality convention mechanism and ideally yields guaranteed and trustworthy halal credence quality, eventually marked by a halal meat label. The socio-technical construction of halal credence quality, for example with respect to ritual slaughter, and the quality coordination mechanism aimed at reducing halal quality uncertainty among Muslim consumers, for example through labeling, are identified as key attention points in the future research agenda.
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Previous work in the agri-food tradition has framed food auditing as a novelty characteristic of a shift to neoliberal governance in agri-food systems and has tackled the analysis of food “quality” in the same light. This article argues that agri-food scholars’ recent interest in the contested qualities of food needs to be situated alongside a much longer history of contested cultural attributions of trust in food relations. It builds on an earlier discussion suggesting that, although neoliberalism has undoubtedly opened up new spaces for audit activity, older political and social dynamics operating around food audits were established long before the neoliberal historical moment. Breaking new ground (as far as is known) by looking further back than the early history of the organic social movement, it examines intersections of religious food auditing, migrant food culture, and commercial dynamics in food systems. Based on secondary sources, two contrasting case studies are presented to illustrate the flux and complexity for: New World Diaspora migrants to New York City of assuring food was kosher; and more recent Maghrebi migrants to southwest France of assuring food is halal. The article concludes by noting that the neoliberal moment stands not as the unique progenitor of a new style of food authority, but rather as the latest response to a wider rupture in the historically contingent arbitration of new forms of trust in food. KeywordsAgri-food systems–Food audit–Halal–Kosher–Quality–Governance–Trust
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HALAL-HUB is a concerted effort among the Islamic organizations/bodies such as Halal manufacturers, Halal traders, buyers, and consumers from all over the world. To be the central trading hub for Halal products, Malaysia must intelligently market itself and achieved Halal-hub main objective of providing a credible platform in connecting global Halal supply-chain and certification for Halal Assurance. Existing literature provides a number of examples that illustrate how supply chain strategy and marketing intelligence improve firm’s performance. The literature, however, lacks theoretical support to facilitate an understanding of the magnitude of supply change strategies, structure of halal assurance system and marketing intelligence to support the scope of relational of Halal-hub. This article uses the strategy-structure-performance paradigm to position Halal Hub relative to the nature of relationships within the broader supply chain strategies, Halal Assurance systems and marketing intelligence a firm employs. The framework presented is a first step towards a more holistic and theory-based approach to understanding the link between, supply chain, halal assurance system, marketing intelligence and Halal-hub. This framework also is designed to serve as a basis for future research in this area.
Article
The Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) is one of a number of sustainability standards schemes that have been approved by the European Union under its 2009 Renewable Energy Directive (EU RED). The RSB scheme is often referred to positively not only because the sustainability standard is considered to exemplify greater rigour than many of the other EU-approved standards in terms of their claims to protect ‘sustainability’, but also because it provides an example of a ‘multi-stakeholder’ model of standards development that is assumed to confer greater legitimacy on the sustainability standards that are produced. In recognising that standards processes are part of wider processes of neoliberalisation, this paper explores the process in which the RSB standard was produced. In doing so it considers how notions of sustainability embodied in the RSB standards were shaped not only by its ‘multi-stakeholder’ process, but also by wider influences that were brought to bear in that process, including the growing spectre of a ‘standards market’ produced by the EU’s approval of different schemes.
Article
As outlined in the Third National Agricultural Policy (NAP3), there is a need to enhance competitiveness and to increase value-addedness to the whole supply chain as well as to position Malaysia as an international halal food hub. This seems to be a noble idea but the paper argues that its implementation as a national policy must still be critically assessed and evaluated as it has far-reaching implications for the national economy. This paper discusses the concepts and trends related to supply chains and then relates it to several possible “hub” concepts that is relevant to Malaysia’s policy to become an international halal food hub. The paper then provides an overview of the domestic halal meat industry, including its present structure, major companies, achievement of food safety, quality and halal certification and major issues faced by the industry. It then discusses the potentials of global meat products. Finally, brief policy considerations are discussed.
Article
Purpose This paper argues that there is an absence of halal integrity within the conventional stages of a food chain. This paper adapts the understanding of the different stages and argues the need to develop a critical consciousness for halal integrity within the food chain to address the needs of the ever-growing Muslim consumers’ market. The purpose of this paper is to propose a definition of halal integrity using farm to fork and global food supply chain models. Design/methodology/approach The study includes a review of priori literature and media reports regarding cross-contamination of food products with haram (forbidden) components. This background will be used to conceptualise halal integrity using farm to fork and global supply chain models. Findings Different interpretations of halal – what is permitted and what is prohibited – exist for the different schools of Islamic legal thought and within the customs of different countries. In order to ensure that food production is embracive of the religious needs of the global Muslim customer market, this paper utilises the farm to fork and global supply chain models to foster a critical awareness of halal needs. Halal integrity should be clearly presenting the details of the halal status of the product and assuring that the requirements for halal as stated are met. Halal integrity not only deals with permitted and prohibited foods, but that the halal status of the food products (i.e. from raw materials until it reaches the consumers) should not be breached (i.e. no cross-contamination with haram products/methods and no ill intents). A formal definition of halal integrity has been proposed. Research limitations/implications The SWOT analyses serve as a guideline as the analysis done may be outdated as the environments are constantly changing. Originality/value This research although academic is meant to have a real value in improving the integrity of the halal food supply chain, providing value to the food industry, to countries that are concerned about this supply chain and to Muslim consumers. Halal integrity is crucial to the success of the emerging halal market.
Article
Environmental governance implies creation of novel interdependencies among actors and actions, and this innovation and diversity presents challenges. One of these challenges is the maintenance of legitimacy. To understand processes of legitimation at the level of individual organizations and at the level of the larger assemblages represented by governance arrangements, we develop a conceptual framework that analyzes accountability relationships. Within this framework, we use artifacts of accountability, material representations of accountability relationships, to understand the creation, maintenance, and erosion of legitimacy. We study the creation and administration of a multifunctional forested landscape in New Hampshire, USA. Empirical assessment of the varied institutional logics that structure and contribute to legitimacy in this material and organizational landscape allows us to advance understanding of persistence, change, and failure of environmental governance arrangements.
Book
Halal (literally, “permissible” or “lawful”) production, trade, and standards have become essential to state-regulated Islam and to companies in contemporary Malaysia and Singapore, giving these two countries a special position in the rapidly expanding global market for halal products: In these nations state bodies certify halal products as well as spaces (shops, factories, and restaurants) and work processes, and so consumers can findstate halal-certified products from Malaysia and Singapore in shops around the world. Building on ethnographic material from Malaysia, Singapore, and Europe, this book provides an exploration of the role of halal production, trade, and standards. Fischer explains how the global markets for halal comprise divergent zones in which Islam, markets, regulatory institutions, and technoscience interact and diverge. Focusing on the “bigger institutional picture” that frames everyday halal consumption, Fischer provides a multisited ethnography of the overlapping technologies and techniques of production, trade, and standards that together warrant a product as “halal,” and thereby help to format the market. Exploring global halalin networks, training, laboratories, activism, companies, shops and restaurants, this book will be an essential resource to scholars and students of social science interested in the global interface zones between religion, standards, and technoscience.
Article
Governance, from local to global levels, relies increasingly on private governance arrangements. Private actors, specifically corporations and civil society organizations, increasingly design, implement and monitor rules and standards that guide and prescribe behavior in a range of policy areas, including sustainability, banking and international security, to name a few. Even though the involvement of private actors in global politics is not a new phenomenon, the creation of cooperative arrangements in the form of organizations that lead to private regulation – thus complementing traditional ways of political influence – is relatively novel. This paper focuses on private rule-setting organizations that have emerged in the global governance of sustainability. It starts from the observation that, despite seemingly performing similar roles and functions, organizations differ both in terms of outputs they produce as well as rules of participation and decision-making. Accordingly, the paper evaluates whether organizations providing a more inclusive and participatory approach in relation to others have different implications for the quality and relevance of rules (outputs). Hence, it aims to shed light on the way private rules and standards are decided and the associated implications, in view of their increasing role and relevance in sustainability governance. In more detail, we contend that there is no linear relation between democratic legitimacy and effectiveness. While inclusiveness and representativeness in the standard-setting process will probably lead to more stringent and comprehensive rules, those regulatory systems with high stringency will be the ones least taken up. Empirically, the paper illustrates its argument with a comparison of five private rule-setting organizations that have emerged in the global governance of fisheries sustainability: the Marine Stewardship Council, Friend of the Sea, the Aquaculture Stewardship Council, the Global Aquaculture Alliance and GlobalGAP.
Article
Over the last decade, dramatic growth in the global production of biofuels has in turn fuelled immense criticism. This has been directed towards the form of that growth, which has in many ways been the culmination of a broader transformation of global agricultural production processes. Criticism has focused on the dominance of agri-business multi-nationals in production processes, large-scale land alienation in developing countries, adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts and greater food insecurity. In responding to such concerns, the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB) is a high profile transnational multi-stakeholder initiative to ensure the ‘sustainability’ of the production of biofuels. Sustainability standards such as these have become a widespread form of global governance over agricultural production. This paper considers the RSB as a vehicle for considering how such interventions might be better understood in their contribution to wider change. It suggests an approach that focuses on broader standard processes so as to interrogate how such change is actually unfolding in the way it is and how political struggles in their production may be masked by a narrower interpretation of the standards themselves.
Article
Purpose – The purpose of this conceptual article is to investigate the application of halal in purchasing. Design/methodology/approach – This article provides a discussion on the implications of halal for the purchasing function, in particular the purchasing portfolio matrix of Kraljic and the purchasing process model of van Weele. Findings – Halal leads to stronger partnerships with suppliers (strategic and leverage products) and adopting various strategies to secure continuity of supply (bottleneck products). Therefore, conventional commodity categories in certain industries can be allocated different for halal certified products and services, resulting in possible different product and supplier strategies. Halal requirements also have impact on the purchasing process; its tactical and operational purchasing activities. Research limitations/implications – This conceptual paper shows that halal has implications for the procurement strategy and purchasing process, key components of the procurement function. However, more empirical research is needed through case study research and focus groups to better understand the challenges and solutions surrounding the sourcing practices of halal certified companies. Practical implications – For halal certified companies it is important to extend halal towards purchasing. Effective alignment is required between the halal policy, procurement strategy and purchasing process. A procurement organisation can progress in three stages, from viewing halal compliance as opportunity, making its supply chains halal , to making its value chain halal . Originality/value – Purchasing is an important marketing discipline in defining the buyer supplier relationship. This study contributes to the understanding of the purchasing function in a halal supply chain and value chain. It is the first study investigating the application of halal in purchasing.
Book
Dramatic components: construction of personae / character / self-presentation narrative structure created by protagonists stage management - controlling what is publicly displayed/concealed backstage and frontstage controlling what is seen creation of non-audiences (who has access)
Article
Many regard France as a nation with a distinctive and world-renown cuisine. However, the common hamburger became the center of a public dialog in 2009–2010 as the nation grappled with the meaning of fast-food processed by halal standards. Using content analysis of national newspapers, we analyze how the French media framed the introduction of a halal hamburger onto the menu of fast-food restaurant Quick. Media framing was unsettled and contentious. We explore this discursive contest and show that the framing of responses ranged from those supporting acceptance of the halal menu based on free-market logic or cultural diversity, while most constructed arguments that the menu was a threat to the very essence of French republican ideals. Such interpretative disputes hold valuable insights for furthering our understanding of food boundaries and the ‘othering’ of populations as a strategy to reinforce national identities. We show how, in their efforts to construct meaning around halal hamburgers, the media constructed a defensive gastronationalism which served as a political tool to reinforce French identity within national borders, using everyday foods, and, in this way, drew boundaries around who was French.
Article
As concerns over the negative social and environmental impacts of industrial agriculture become more widespread, efforts to define and regulate sustainable agriculture have proliferated in the US. Whereas the USDA spearheaded previous efforts, today such efforts have largely shifted to Tripartite Standards Regimes (TSRs). Using a case study of the Leonardo Academy’s initiative to develop a US sustainable agriculture standard, this paper examines the standards-development process and efforts by agribusiness to influence the process. Specifically, we analyze how politics operate in seemingly “depoliticized” TSRs, and how agribusiness and the USDA use “framing practices” and procedural complaints to influence the standard-development process. We contend that although governance mechanisms are a potentially powerful tool for advocates of alternative agrifood, their efficacy may be constrained by science-based requirements, an agribusiness countermovement, and a captured state.
Article
As third-party certification has become a prominent governance mechanism, conflicting understandings of it have emerged. Proponents advance third-party certification as a technical and objective governance mechanism, while critics argue that politics and relations of power characterize it. We reject this dichotomization both in terms of how TPC is understood, as well as understandings of science and politics. Drawing on science and technology studies, we argue that third-party certification is simultaneously science-based and political, and that both science and politics entail social and technical practices. Using a case study of an organic shrimp project in Indonesia, we examine the development and enforcement of standards. Three important findings emerge from our analysis. First, the development and enforcement of standards in a third-party certified project is partially dependent on the extent to which the interests and realities of all stakeholders are successfully translated and enrolled. Second, differences between actors in a third-party certified project are not just epistemological, but also ontological. Thus, overcoming differences in TPC entails reconciling not only interests and knowledge, but also material realities. Third, TPC is performative in that if the standards are to be adhered to, enrollment and translation have to be continuous practices. In concluding, we argue that a science and technology analysis points to the need not only to democratize TPC, but also diversify the epistemological basis of standards, and that efforts to ensure compliance need to go beyond audits.
Article
This essay examines the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) and the legal decisions that it issued after the fall of President Suharto, whose regime played a role in its establishment. In light of MUI's changing relationship with the state under Suharto's successors B.J. Habibie and Abdurrahman Wahid, I call for a more nuanced reading of MUI's decisions. I also discuss the relative weight accorded to MUI decisions-variously called “opinions,” pieces of “advice,” and “fatwās”-arguing that these “discursive products” reflect a conscious attempt by MUI to break free from the circumstances of its birth and to guide the reformation process in post-Suharto Indonesia.
Article
As outlined in the Third National Agricultural Policy (NAP3), there is a need to enhance competitiveness and to increase value-addedness to the whole supply chain as well as to position Malaysia as an international halal food hub. This seems to be a noble idea but the paper argues that its implementation as a national policy must still be critically assessed and evaluated as it has far-reaching implications for the national economy. This paper discusses the concepts and trends related to supply chains and then relates it to several possible “hub” concepts that is relevant to Malaysia’s policy to become an international halal food hub. The paper then provides an overview of the domestic halal meat industry, including its present structure, major companies, achievement of food safety, quality and halal certification and major issues faced by the industry. It then discusses the potentials of global meat products. Finally, brief policy considerations are discussed.
Article
It has been argued that the EU suffers from serious accountability deficits. But how can we establish the existence of accountability deficits? This article tries to get to grips with the appealing but elusive concept of accountability by asking three types of questions. First a conceptual one: what exactly is meant by accountability? In this article the concept of accountability is used in a rather narrow sense: a relationship between an actor and a forum, in which the actor has an obligation to explain and to justify his or her conduct, the forum can pose questions and pass judgement, and the actor may face consequences. The second question is analytical: what types of accountability are involved? A series of dimensions of accountability are discerned that can be used to describe the various accountability relations and arrangements that can be found in the different domains of European governance. The third question is evaluative: how should we assess these accountability arrangements? The article provides three evaluative perspectives: a democratic, a constitutional and a learning perspective. Each of these perspectives may produce different types of accountability deficits.
Article
Food safety problems such as the BSE and dioxin crises focused attention on traceability systems and the certification of such systems. This study analyzes the status and perspectives of traceability systems and certification schemes, and reviews their potential costs and benefits. Results indicate that traceability and certification in meat supply chains comprise a very dynamic area with an increasing impact. Necessary transparency, control of livestock epidemics, increasing due diligence, and a declining role for governments are critical factors. Findings also reveal there is a general focus on the technical characteristics of traceability and certification, and there is a lack of economic considerations. Therefore, specific topics are emphasized for an economic research agenda, such as an analysis of the break-even point for the level of detail of traceability systems, the reconsideration of liability and recall insurance schemes, and regulatory incentives to motivate adoption by free-riders
Meeting the Challenge of Indonesia's Growing Demand for Poultry
  • M Brienen
  • B Cavenagh
  • W Van Vliet
  • M Copier
  • L Busch
Brienen, M., Cavenagh, B., Van Vliet, W., Copier, M., 2014, June 20. Meeting the Challenge of Indonesia's Growing Demand for Poultry. Retrieved from. https:// www.wattagnet.com/articles/19161-meeting-the-challenge-of-indonesia-s-growingdemand-for-poultry on July 7th, 2018. Busch, L., 2011. Standards: Recipes for Reality. The MIT Press, London.
Ma'ruf Amin Motor Penggerak Eksplorasi Fatwa Halal Kontemporer. LPPOM MUI
  • U Effendi
Effendi, U., 2013. Ma'ruf Amin Motor Penggerak Eksplorasi Fatwa Halal Kontemporer. LPPOM MUI, Jakarta.