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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NANDANAM CHICKEN IV (RHODO WHITE CHICKEN) AND DESI CHICKEN REARING UNDER BACKYARD SYSTEM IN RURAL AREAS OF SALEM DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU

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Chitra Paramasivam at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Chitra Paramasivam
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A study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sandhiyur, Salem to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of Nandanam chicken IV (Rhodo white chicken)and local desi chicken under backyard rearing in rural areas of Salem district in Tamil Nadu. A total of five hundred day old Nandanam chicken IV was procured and supplied to farm women’s who possessed at least 20 numbers of local desi chicken rearing under backyard system. A field level study was undertaken to evaluate efficiency of productive and reproductive performance of Nandanam chicken IV and local desi chicken under backyard system with respect to age at sexual maturity, average live weight at 8 th week and 20 th week, age at first egg laying, average egg weight, and average egg production per annum, fertility and hatchability percentage. Body weight, egg production, average egg weight, fertility and hatchability percentage were significantly higher Nandanam chicken IV under backyard system of rearing was found satisfactory and the birds are well adapted to local agro-climatic condition. The bird’s exhibit better growth compared to desi chicks and can be fed with locally available materials. The backyard poultry farming with improved birds provide a solution to improve the socio economic status of rural people. Keywords : Nandanam chicken IV, Body weight, Egg production, Fertility%, Hatchability%
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NANDANAM CHICKEN IV (RHODO
WHITE CHICKEN) AND DESI CHICKEN REARING UNDER
BACKYARD SYSTEM IN RURAL AREAS OF SALEM
DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU
P. Chitra *
Assistant Professor (V&AS)
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Coimbatore – 641 003 Tamil Nadu
E-mail: drpchithupsc@gmail.com (*Corresponding Author)
Abstract: A study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sandhiyur, Salem to evaluate
the productive and reproductive performance of Nandanam chicken IV (Rhodo white
chicken) and local desi chicken under backyard rearing in rural areas of Salem district in
Tamil Nadu. A total of five hundred day old Nandanam chicken IV was procured and
supplied to farm women’s who possessed at least 20 numbers of local desi chicken rearing
under backyard system. A field level study was undertaken to evaluate efficiency of
productive and reproductive performance of Nandanam chicken IV and local desi chicken
under backyard system with respect to age at sexual maturity, average live weight at 8th week
and 20th week, age at first egg laying, average egg weight, and average egg production per
annum, fertility and hatchability percentage. Body weight, egg production, average egg
weight, fertility and hatchability percentage were significantly higher
Nandanam chicken IV under backyard system of rearing was found satisfactory and the birds
are well adapted to local agro-climatic condition. The bird’s exhibit better growth compared
to desi chicks and can be fed with locally available materials. The backyard poultry farming
with improved birds provide a solution to improve the socio economic status of rural people.
Keywords: Nandanam chicken IV, Body weight, Egg production, Fertility%, Hatchability%
Introduction
The backyard poultry rearing is widely prevalent in the rural areas of Tamil Nadu. The
demand for local chicken and eggs is very high as compared to the broilers and layer eggs
due to their better taste, texture and flavor as perceived by the local population (Sapcota et al.
2002). Though the eggs and meats of desi chicken fetched high price in the market, the low
productivity (low around 60-80 eggs per year) of the desi chicken rearing in backyard system
could not meet the consumers demand. Therefore, for upgrading indigenous breeds in rural
area, Nandanam Chicken IV colored dual-purpose strain resemble desi chicken developed by
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai. 2014.
International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O)
and Technology, Vol. 8, No 5, 2019, 1049 – 1053 2277-663X (P)
Received Sep 10, 2019 * Published Oct 2, 2019 * www.ijset.net
1050 P. Chitra
Nandanam Chicken IV or Rhodo white chicken
Nandanam Chicken IV colored synthetic dual purpose chicken was developed through the
cross between White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red by reciprocal crossing and pooling the
population and improved upon through sustained selection and breeding for five generations.
This bird having multi colored feather pattern and attractive plumage resemble desi chicken.
They are producing brown shell egg like desi chicken. Highly suited for backyard system of
rearing under different agro – climatic conditions of Tamil Nadu. Because of its sturdy and
resistant nature, it can easily acclimatize itself to any region and weather. Being good
scavengers, they feed on a variety of insects and green foliage. They can also be fed on farm
and kitchen waste. The birds are resistant to many diseases, an exception being Ranikhet
disease. Its faster growth habit and higher egg laying capacity than indigenous birds have
made marked improvement in livelihood of the rural people.
Materials and Methods
The present study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, in the district of Salem in Tamil
Nadu, A total 500 numbers of sexed Nandanam chicken IV were procured from Tamil Nadu
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University farm and were distributed to 25 numbers of farm
women each with 18 female and two male chicks. For this study, Farm women were selected
randomly in different five villages of Salem district. The farmwomen were selected on the
basis of their experience in keeping local desi chicken and there are having minimum 20
numbers of local desi chickens at backyard rearing for the purpose of the study. The desi
chicken reared under backyard system not required brooding and supplemental feed during
brooding period. Nandanam chicken IV chick required brooding up to 4 weeks. From Day
old onwards chicks were maintained under brooder and were provided with sufficient clean
drinking water and commercial layer starter feed ad libitum during the brooding period. After
proper brooding, the chicks were moved into freely and reared in backyard system like local
desi chicken. Birds were periodically vaccinated against Ranikhet disease.
The body weight of all the birds were recorded at day old age and also monthly intervals up
to maturity at an average of six month age, average age at the point of lay, average egg
weight, average egg production per annum. The mortality of birds were observed, fertility
and hatchability percentage were also recorded for a period of one and half year. Data on
above mentioned parameters were also recorded for the local desi chicken. Egg production
was recorded daily and the eggs were weighed every day in the afternoon immediately after
collection. For study of fertility and hatchability percentage, every week, each 200 numbers
Comparative Study of Nandanam Chicken IV (Rhodo White … 1051
of eggs from Nandanam chicken IV and local desi chicken were collected and set in a small
scale incubator.
Results and Discussion
Age at sexual maturity, average egg weight, average live weight at 20th week, average day
old chick weight and hen day egg production of Nandanam Chicken IV and Desi birds are
presented in the Table 1
Parameter
Nandanam Chicken IV
Desi Chicken
1.
Body weight
Body weight Day old (g)
35.0 ± 0.32
35.0± 0.76
Body weight 8 th Week (Kg)
360.0± 0.56
340± 0.96
Weight at 20 weeks of age (Kg)
1.5± 0.69
1.4± 0.42
Body weight at first egg laying
1.6± 0.86
1.5± 0.39
2.
Age at first egg lay (Days)
159.0± 0.74
172.0± 0.19
3.
Egg production per annum (Nos.)
176.0± 0.65
72.0± 0.15
4.
Average Egg weight (g)
52.0± 0.62
43.0± 0.49
5.
Livability %
95.0± 0.97
81.0± 0.52
6.
Fertility %
85.0± 0.36
80.0± 0.64
7.
Hatchability %
83.0 ± 0.36
78.0 ± 0.36
Egg parameter
Nandanam Chicken - IV adopted in backyard condition, no pecking behaviour, more egg
production, disease resistance but less flying nature.
The backyard poultry farming with improved birds provide a solution to increase family
income and food security to the needy villagers paving a way for sustainable livestock in
rural areas of Tamil Nadu.
1052 P. Chitra
Body weight is the direct reflection of growth and it influences the production and
reproduction traits of birds. The average body weights at 20 th weeks of age were recorded as
1.6 kg and 1.5 kg in case of Nandanam chicken IV and desi chicken respectively. The
average age at first egg production in desi chicken was 172 days which was more when
compared with Nandanam chicken birds 156 days. The differences in attaining sexual
maturity might be due to the genetic differences. Cross-breeding results in early sexual
maturity compared with pure-bred hens. Sexual maturity tends to be attained at later ages for
heavier breeds. Age at first egg production is also influenced by many environmental factors,
such as temperature, nutrition and day length.
Egg production determine the success of poultry enterprise. The comparative estimate
of egg production revealed that egg production for Nandanam chicken (176) is comparatively
higher than desi chicken egg production (72). This difference in egg production might be due
to different genetic makeup of desi and improved varieties of chicken. Egg production and
egg weight of Nandanam chicken IV were higher than for the desi chickens kept under
backyard system. Which indicates that cross breeding has potential for improving
economically important traits. The present findings are similar to findings ofDevi and Reddy,
(2005), Chatterjee et al, (2007) Kumaresan et al (2008), Haunshi et al. (2009), Chutia (2010).
Conclusion
The economic return from the poultry largely depends on characters like body weight, age at
sexual maturity, egg production and egg weight. Knowledge of these parameters is essential
to decide selection programme for overall improvement. From the study, it can be concluded
Comparative Study of Nandanam Chicken IV (Rhodo White … 1053
that Nandanam chicken IV performs better than desi chicken in terms of age at first egg
laying, annual egg production and body weight under backyard system of rearing. So, farmers
from rural areas selecting Nandanam chicken IV over desi chicken
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  • P M Reddy
Devi, K.S. and Reddy, P.M. 2005. Genetic studies on certain economic traits in White Leghorn and crossbred chicken. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 40: 56-58.