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CAPACITAÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE MANUAL DE BOAS PRÁTICAS LITERACIA EM SAÚDE REPÚBLICA PORTUGUESA
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... Numa perspetiva mais global, os baixos níveis de Literacia em Saúde estão associados a maiores custos económicos, a um maior número de internamentos e utilização dos serviços de urgência, e ainda a uma menor prevalência de atitudes preventivas na área da saúde, levando a uma diminuição da qualidade de vida (9). Para além disso existe evidência de que a Literacia em Saúde contribui não só para a promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença, mas também para a eficácia dos próprios serviços de saúde (9). ...
... Numa perspetiva mais global, os baixos níveis de Literacia em Saúde estão associados a maiores custos económicos, a um maior número de internamentos e utilização dos serviços de urgência, e ainda a uma menor prevalência de atitudes preventivas na área da saúde, levando a uma diminuição da qualidade de vida (9). Para além disso existe evidência de que a Literacia em Saúde contribui não só para a promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença, mas também para a eficácia dos próprios serviços de saúde (9). ...
The increase in diseases related to eating habits has been associated with poor eating habits and low levels of knowledge and skills related to food. For this reason, Food Literacy and Nutritional Literacy have become increasingly important in health promotion. Nutritional Literacy focuses on the ability to understand information related to nutrients, while Food Literacy is a more holistic concept, capable of addressing all the knowledge and necessary skills for healthier food choices and behaviors. Taking into account the lack of consensus in the literature regarding these two concepts, Vidgen & Gallegos (2014) definition of Food Literacy is the most complete and inclusive to date. Eighteen assessment tools for Nutritional Literacy and Food Literacy were analyzed, and the SPFL and IT-FLS tools were identified as the most suitable for future application in the Portuguese population. Despite this, there is still a need for further research in order to develop a sufficiently comprehensive tool to assess and compare levels of Food Literacy as a whole, and in turn work on improving the health of populations.
... Uma vez que as declarações em nome de um grupo são vistas pelos jornalistas como mais credíveis do que as declarações a título individual (7) , as associações poderão aceder mais facilmente à mídia e contribuir para a discussão da enfermagem no espaço público. Ter acesso à mídia e obter uma cobertura favorável torna-se cada vez mais importante: ela é uma importante fonte de informação de saúde para o público e influencia o seu comportamento e decisões em matéria de saúde (8) ; os enfermeiros contribuem para a literacia em saúde dos cidadãos, e a mídia é um excelente veículo para chegar a mais pessoas (9) ; a perspetiva única do setor da saúde poderá enriquecer as peças noticiosas e contribuir para a pluralidade de fontes de informação (10) ; as narrativas da mídia sobre a profissão de enfermagem influenciam a opinião pública, as políticas do setor e as questões de regulamentação (5,11) . ...
Objective:
To describe the processes of producing messages and interacting with the media by professional nursing associations.
Methods:
Qualitative, descriptive study based on semi-structured interviews with managers of five professional nursing associations in Portugal. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis.
Results:
Regulatory and union associations use public relations services and refer more strategies for interacting with journalists. Professional specialization associations interact less frequently and prefer social media for publishing their messages. Voluntary work and the reduced professionalization of the communication of specialized associations favors a nursing retraction stance towards the media.
Final considerations:
Organizational and cultural factors may help to explain nursing's limited access to the media. The use of renewal, cooperation, and education strategies will help overcome some of the limitations experienced by these associations.
Purpose
The impact of a stroke is particularly evident during the transition home, with reported unmet needs. However, little is known about post-stroke adaptation in Portugal. This study aimed to understand how Portuguese people with stroke and their informal carers/family adapt over time, and how health professionals support their adaptation.
Methods
A multi-perspective, longitudinal qualitative study was conducted using in-depth semi-structured interviews one and six months after inpatient discharge. A purposive sample of 24 participants (8 triads) participated. Thematic and narrative analysis strategies were used.
Results
Three themes were identified: Managing change over time; Balancing support over time; Changing priorities. These suggest the importance of time and gradual adjustment of health professionals’ approach throughout the rehabilitation process tailored to people with stroke’ and carers’ needs. Both valued positive thoughts and support from others to adjust life goals and find a balance between a mutual/bidirectional support and time for themselves.
Conclusions
Findings show that the manner in which changes after a stroke are approached may be positively transformed to provide strength. As a result of the deeper understanding gained from this study, health professionals may be better placed to acknowledge the needs of people with stroke and carers and find effective ways of supporting them.
A literacia em saúde desempenha um papel fulcral na gestão da doença crónica e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação e comparação dos níveis de literacia em saúde entre adultos com e sem Hipertensão Arterial. Foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e o Inquérito em Literacia em Saúde em Portugal. Neste estudo transversal participaram 152 indivíduos, sendo 76 hipertensos e 76 indivíduos sem patologia crónica, com idades entre 35 e 65 anos. Os indivíduos sem doença crónica apresentaram níveis de literacia em saúde mais elevados nas dimensões de prevenção de doença e promoção da saúde e os participantes com hipertensão na dimensão de cuidados de saúde. Verificou-se que os indivíduos mais velhos e com menor escolaridade surgem como grupos vulneráveis com níveis problemáticos de literacia em saúde. Este estudo contribuiu para realçar a importância de uma adequada literacia em saúde para aumentar o conhecimento e compreensão sobre a doença e as suas complicações.
Communicating effectively is essential to any human interaction and especially relevant in the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients, as communication difficulties in these contexts can affect the quality of healthcare delivery. Training future health professionals regarding their communicative skills, namely on how they should inform patients about their health status, diseases, and/or treatments; on establishing empathic relationships; and on promoting personal reflection on their actions, is extremely important. This chapter illustrates how communicative skills can be promoted in the training of future health professionals, aided by the experience and expertise gained in training future professionals in a degree course in Pharmacy at the School of Health in the University of Algarve, Portugal.
Background
Critical health literacy enables older adults to make informed health decisions and take actions for the health and wellbeing of themselves and their community, within their own social and cultural context. A community-based approach has the potential to improve the critical health literacy of older adults and their communities. However, it is not clear how such initiatives consider critical health literacy. Therefore, this study explored how community-based initiatives address the critical health literacy of older adults and their communities.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, as well as the quality of the methodological and community-based elements of the studies. In addition, a meta-synthesis was carried out, consisting of a qualitative text analysis of the results sections of the 23 included studies.
Results
We identified two main themes, which are practices that contribute to the critical health literacy of older adults as well as their communities: 1) collaborative learning, and 2) social support. In these practices we identified reciprocity as a key characteristic of both co-learning and social support.
Conclusions
This study provides the first overview of community-based initiatives that implicitly address the critical health literacy of older adults and their community. Our results demonstrate that in the context of one’s own life collaborative learning and social support could contribute to people’s understanding and ability to judge, sift and use health information. We therefore suggest to add these two practices to the definition of critical health literacy.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4570-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Background: Health literacy concerns the knowledge and competences of persons to meet the complex demands of health in modern society. Although its importance is increasingly recognised, there is no consensus about the definition of health literacy or about its conceptual dimensions, which limits the possibilities for measurement and comparison. The aim of the study is to review definitions and models on health literacy to develop an integrated definition and conceptual model capturing the most comprehensive evidence-based dimensions of health literacy.
Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify definitions and conceptual frameworks of health literacy. A content analysis of the definitions and conceptual frameworks was carried out to identify the central dimensions of health literacy and develop an integrated model.
Results: The review resulted in 17 definitions of health literacy and 12 conceptual models. Based on the content analysis, an integrative conceptual model was developed containing 12 dimensions referring to the knowledge, motivation and competencies of accessing, understanding, appraising and applying health-related information within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion setting, respectively.
Conclusions: Based upon this review, a model is proposed integrating medical and public health views of health literacy. The model can serve as a basis for developing health literacy enhancing interventions and provide a conceptual basis for the development and validation of measurement tools, capturing the different dimensions of health literacy within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion settings.
Background:
While the association between inadequate health literacy and adverse health outcomes has been well documented, less is known about the impact of health literacy on health perceptions, such as perceptions of control over health, and preventive health behaviors.
Methods:
We identified a subsample of participants (N = 707) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of older adults, who participated in health literacy testing. Self-reported health literacy was measured with a literacy screening question, and objective health literacy with a summed score of items from the Test of Functional Health Literacy. We compared answers on these items to those related to participation in health behaviors such as cancer screening, exercise, and tobacco use, as well as self-referencing health beliefs.
Results:
In logistic regression models adjusted for gender, education, race, and age, participants with adequate self-reported health literacy (compared to poorer levels of health literacy) had greater odds of participation in mammography within the last 2 years (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.215, p = 0.01) and participation in moderate exercise two or more times per week (OR = 1.512, p = 0.03). Participants with adequate objective health literacy had reduced odds of participation in monthly breast self-exams (OR = 0.369, p = 0.004) and reduced odds of current tobacco use (OR = 0.456, p = 0.03). In adjusted linear regression analyses, self-reported health literacy made a small but significant contribution to explaining perceived control of health (β 0.151, p = <0.001) and perceived social standing (β 0.112, p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
In a subsample of older adult participants of the HRS, measures of health literacy were positively related to several health promoting behaviors and health-related beliefs and non-use of breast self-exams, a screening behavior of questionable benefit. These relationships varied however, between self-reported and objectively-measured health literacy. Further investigation into the specific mechanisms that lead higher literacy people to pursue health promoting actions appears clearly warranted.
O presente livro é um dos produtos resultantes do Projeto Literacia em Saúde: um desafio na e para a terceira idade, coordenado pela Escola Superior de Educação, em colaboração com a Escola Superior de Tecnologias da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, financiado no âmbito do Programa Gulbenkian Inovar em Saúde, promovido pela Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Esta obra está dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro relativo ao enquadramento da literacia em saúde. Integra uma descrição e análise dos resultados obtidos no âmbito da literacia em saúde das populações e da população idosa em particular. Por fim, são descritos, de forma sucinta, alguns instrumentos de avaliação do grau de literacia em saúde e da sua utilidade para o desenvolvimento da promoção da saúde dos indivíduos e das comunidades. No segundo capítulo são descritos os dois estudos desenvolvidos sobre a temática da literacia em saúde: um de cariz quantitativo, que pretendeu avaliar o grau de literacia em saúde de uma amostra de pessoas idosas (n=433); e outro, de cariz qualitativo, que pretendeu determinar as representações, perceções e práticas institucionais e profissionais de um grupo de profissionais da área da saúde e de intervenção psicossocial (n=26) no âmbito da literacia em saúde. No final de cada um dos estudos são feitas as discussões dos resultados obtidos. No terceiro capítulo, e com base nas discussões previamente realizadas, são dadas pistas para a intervenção socioprofissional e clínica com vista a facilitar o empoderamento das pessoas, tanto no acesso à informação, como no desenvolvimento de atitudes proativas.
BACKGROUND: The present study integrates the Health Literacy Project: a challenge in and for the elderly people, funded by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. AIM: It has the intention to evaluate the degree of health literacy on a sample of elderly people, as well as knowing the association between this degree and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was conducted a quantitative study with 433 adults over 65 years of age, using as instrument the Newest Vital Sign (NVS). RESULTS: The results indicate that the majority of the participants (80%) showed a level of low health literacy, meaning that only 20% of respondents will be able to interpret and use effectively written information related with health. Sex, educational attainment, age and marital status proved to be variables that affect significantly the level of health literacy of participants. CONCLUSIONS: The results point to the urgent need to enhance health literacy in the elderly population, in general, and among the most vulnerable groups, in particular.
Introduction
To measure Health literacy (HL) as proposed in the context of the European Health Literacy Survey/questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q), the Health Literacy for Children and Adolescents (HLCA) Consortium (GE) adapted it for children. A trans-cultural adaptation and validation to Portuguese (HLS-EU-PTc), will supply policy makers, experts and health professionals with information that can promote healthier communities while fighting health disparities.
Methods
After permission was granted from the HLCA Consortium the TRAPD model was used (eg parallel translation, focus groups, two back translations). An assessment and pretesting of HLS-EU-PTc was done with 16 children for cognitive testing. A qualitative explanatory (n = 16) and quantitative, cross-sectional study (n = 82), age mean 13, SD 0.96, from Portugal (mainland) was implemented for proceed with the validation process. A variety of measures were obtained like internal consistency and mean scores.
Results
Preliminary results for evaluation of the psychometric properties of the HLS-EU-PTc show satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.87). In a scale from 1 (very difficult) to 4 (very easy) for indicators of the HLS-EU-PTc, we have a mean of 3.25 and a SD of .478.
Conclusions
This is the first study to examine the feasibility of a Portuguese version (HLS-EU-PTc) of the HLS-EU-Q adapted for children and it indicates high internal consistency and level of self-reported HL. The usefulness of the HLS-EU-PTc instrument can be further discussed while planning public health policy strategies from the HL standpoint. The validated HLS-EU-PTc version of the HLS-EU-Qc survey, with the user’s manual can be accessed at www.literacia-saude.info.
Objectives:
Family members may play an important role in the health and well-being of older adults. However, little is known about the factors that influence the likelihood of family members supporting older relatives to seek help from mental health professionals for mental health concerns. Mental health literacy is associated with people's help-seeking intentions regarding their own mental health concerns, and some studies have suggested it may play a role in help-seeking on behalf of others. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mental health literacy is associated with adults' likelihood of supporting an older relative to seek professional help for mental health concerns.
Method:
Two hundred and sixty-three participants completed a measure of mental health literacy and responded to a hypothetical scenario by indicating their likelihood of supporting an older relative experiencing mental health problems to seek help from various sources.
Results:
Mental health literacy was positively associated with intentions to support older relative's help-seeking.
Conclusions:
Interventions to increase the mental health literacy of the relatives of older adults may lead to additional support for older adults' help-seeking for mental health concerns.
Objective:
This study investigated whether health literacy is associated with depressive symptoms among Korean adults, when adjusting for relevant risk factors for depression.
Methods:
Data were collected from a sample of 585 community-dwelling Korean adults living in Seoul and Kwangju, South Korea, using a quota sampling strategy. A cross-sectional, multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the association between health literacy and depressive symptoms.
Results:
When controlled for covariates, a lower level of health literacy was significantly associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms.
Conclusion:
Health literacy may play an important role in preventing and treating depression. Future research is needed to determine if improving health literacy, through health promotion interventions, can enhance community-dwelling Korean adults' understanding of depressive symptoms and relevant treatment options.
Background:
Midwives are increasingly expected to promote healthy behaviour to women and pregnancy is often regarded as a 'teachable moment' for health behaviour change. This view focuses on motivational aspects, when a richer analysis of behaviour change may be achieved by viewing the perinatal period through the lens of the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation Behaviour framework. This framework proposes that behaviour has three necessary determinants: capability, opportunity, and motivation.
Aim:
To outline a broader analysis of perinatal behaviour change than is afforded by the existing conceptualisation of the 'teachable moment' by using the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation Behaviour framework.
Findings:
Research suggests that the perinatal period can be viewed as a time in which capability, opportunity or motivation naturally change such that unhealthy behaviours are disrupted, and healthy behaviours may be adopted. Moving away from a sole focus on motivation, an analysis utilising the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation Behaviour framework suggests that changes in capability and opportunity may also offer opportune points for intervention, and that lack of capability or opportunity may act as barriers to behaviour change that might be expected based solely on changes in motivation. Moreover, the period spanning pregnancy and the postpartum could be seen as a series of opportune intervention moments, that is, personally meaningful episodes initiated by changes in capability, opportunity or motivation.
Discussion:
This analysis offers new avenues for research and practice, including identifying discrete events that may trigger shifts in capability, opportunity or motivation, and whether and how interventions might promote initiation and maintenance of perinatal health behaviours.