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Abstract

The purpose of these investigations was to describe the distribution particularities of the common carotid artery in domestic rabbit in correlation with the data in the field. Researches were performed on 6 domestic rabbits, 4 males and 2 female, aged 1-3 years. The common carotid artery was injected with gelatine suspension coloured with Chinese India ink, followed by its dissection. The occipital and internal carotid arteries are detached together in four cases, or separately in the rest of them, from the dorso-medial part of the common carotid artery. Facial and lingual arteries are detached separately, not together, both of which having a large diameter. The superficial temporal trunk which is very developed and long has a sinuous traject between parotid gland acini where it forms two loops. Nearby its origin, the transverse artery of the face has a curved path due to propulsion and retropulsion movements of the temporo-mandibular joint.
Introduction


 
 
 
      
      
       
       
     
   

       
   et al   


       
      
       

 
       
     
       
et al.et al
et al

     
      
     
    et al 

       
        
 

 
      

Angioarchitectonics and Distribution of Common
Carotid Artery Terminals in Domestic Rabbit

1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi,
Romania
* corresponding author: costica_covasa@yahoo.com


2018.0026
Abstract
  
 R

 
 




Keywords
RESEARCH ARTICLES
21
Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine 76 (1) / 2019


        

   





Materials and methods
      


     
      

    
       

         


    

       
       

Results and discussions
      
      
  
  

      


       
  

        
    
 et al 


       
        
      
        
     
     
       
      
      
     


   

          
       
  
      



 
        



        
 


       


et al

       
      
     

       



Conclusion

      
     


     

  



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Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine 76 (1) / 20189
Figure 1. 
1. A. carotis communis2. A. thyroidea cranialis 3. A. occipitalis4. A. carotis interna
5. A. lingualis6. A.carotis externa 7. A. temporalis superficialis 8. A. facialis
Figure 2. 
1. A. carotis communis2. A. carotis interna3. A. occipitalis4. A. carotis externa
5. A. lingualis6. A. facialis7. A. sublingualis8. A. submentalis9. A.maseterica rostralis

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Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine 76 (1) / 2019

Figure 3. 
1. A. facialis2. A. maseterica rostralis3. Ramus massetericus4. A. labialis inferior
Figure 4. 
1. A. carotis communis2. A. occipitalis3. A. carotis interna4. A. carotis externa
5. A.thyroidea cranialis6. A. lingualis7A. facialis8. A. temporalis superficialis9. A. maxillaris
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Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine 76 (1) / 20189
Figure 5. 
1. A. auricularis caudalis2. A. temporalis superficialis3. A. auricularis rostralis4. A. transversa faciei56. Ramus
massetericus7. Ramus auricularis caudalis8. Ramus auricularis intermedius9. A. auricularis profunda10. A.
facialis11. A. massetericus rostralis
Figure 6. 1. A. carotis communis2. A. occipitalis3-4. A.
temporalis superficialis5. A. transversa faciei6. A. auricularis rostralis7-8. A. auricularis caudalis

25
Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine 76 (1) / 2019






      
      
     
    

Acknowledgments:    


References
      
      
      

       
 

 


           



      

          
      


 

     

      
   

Figure 7. Maxillar artery: 1. A. carotis communis; 2. A. occipitalis; 3. A. carotis interna; 4. A. carotis externa; 5. A.
temporalis supercialis; 6. A. facialis; 7. A. lingualis; 8. A. alveolaris inferior; 9. A. maxillaris; 10. A. ophthalmica
externa; 11. A. ethmoidalis externa; 12. A. frontalis (supraorbitalis); 13. A. infraorbitalis; 14. A. buccalis.

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Comparative research concerning masticatory musculature in squirrel, muskrat and rabbit, take into account the emphasizing and morphofunctional interpretation of the osteomuscular particularities involved in the prehension and mastication processes. The development of the coronoid process on the muskrat and squirrel demonstrates the growing of the force when raising the mandible by increasing the action force attached to the temporal muscle, with insertion on the coronoid process. In comparison with that, in the case of rabbits, both the coronoid process and the temporal muscle are reduced. From a philogenetic point of view, it has been found that the species that have the articular condyle lowered at or under the level of the dental tables (carnivores) present a greater pressure force between the dental tables. Analyzing this aspect of the rodents taken into discussion, we noticed the lowering of the articular condyle up to the inferior molars’ plane, in the case of squirrels and muskrats, but through obliquity, namely through cranial caudal and dorsoventral movement. This peculiarity is emphasized through the analysis of the angle formed by the axis of the mandible recurved branch (passing through the mandibular condyle) with the axis of the horizontal branch of the mandible, where it was noticed that along with the increase in the angle formed by the two axes, which becomes an obtuse 160 degree angle on the squirrel and 130 degrees on the muskrat, there is also a lowering of the articular condyle up to the molar level, while in the case of carnivores, the lowering of the condyle is done without the modification of the angle between the two axes, which measures approximately 90 degrees.
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A model for cerebral ischemia that requires injection of emboli into the internal carotid artery of the rabbit is commonly used. However, in our experience we have found the anatomy of the cervical carotid to be highly variable. If not appreciated, this may result in unexpectedly high variability in the severity of ischemic injury. We undertook this experimental protocol to determine whether it was possible to characterize the anatomy of the rabbit cervical carotid artery. We examined and recorded the architecture of the cervical carotid arteries of 105 consecutive rabbits involved in experimental protocols to evaluate the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator during embolic stroke. Two basic patterns of origin of the internal carotid artery were identified: lateral origin, classified as type I, and dorsomedial origin, classified as type II. In addition, there were three subsequent variations in the origin and morphology of the occipital artery in relation to the internal carotid artery: origin from the external carotid artery (subtype A); origin proximal on the internal carotid artery (subtype B); and origin distal on the internal carotid artery (subtype C). The classification of the anatomy of the cervical carotid artery of the rabbit into these easily recognized types will assist those attempting to use this embolization model. Failure to recognize the origin of the occipital artery from the internal carotid artery can result in the misdirection of embolic material into the occipital artery and significantly reduce the effectiveness of this stroke model.
Anatomy of domestic animals -Circulatory system
  • V Coțofan
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Coțofan V, Palicica R, Ganță C, Hrițcu V, Enciu V (2000). Anatomy of domestic animals -Circulatory system, Nervous system. Vol. III Timișoara, Ed. Orizonturi universitare (Chapter 1).
Arteria carotis externa in the rabbit
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Ibrahim IA, Abdalla KEH, Abdel-moneim ME, Mansour AA (1990). Arteria carotis externa in the rabbit. Ass. Vet. Med. J., Vol. 23. No.45: 8-18.
Anatomy of animals -Circulatory system
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Spataru C (2003). Anatomy of animals -Circulatory system, Nervous system. Iasi, Ed. Alfa (Chapter 1).
Comparative morphological peculiarities of the skulls at some rodents (rabbit, nutria, guinea pig and squirrel)
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Spataru M (2016). Comparative morphological peculiarities of the skulls at some rodents (rabbit, nutria, guinea pig and squirrel). University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi Scientific papers, Veterinary Medicine 59 (3): 503-509.