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International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews Standardization and Validation of Hindi Version of Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the psychometric properties, factorial structure, and predictive validity of Hindi version of Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale in Indian cultural milieu. A total of 300 couples, 21 to 75 years old (300 husbands and 300 wives) were, conveniently sampled from Chowk and adjoining areas of Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh, completed the Hindi version of Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Factor analysis (principal components) with loadings equal to or more than 0.400, Eigen value equal to 1.00 and the Scree plot revealed single factors explaining a total of 81.116 % variance for husbands, 77.129 % variance for wives and 78.992 % variance for couples (husbands and wives). Confirmatory factor revealed that the fit indices were very good (χ2 = 0.00, p < 0.001; CFI = 1.00; GFI = 1.00; SRMR = 0.00; RMR = 0.00) over the level of analysis (for husbands, wives and whole sample). The reliability coefficients of the single factor emerged fairly high and indicated good reliability of the Hindi version of KMSS. KMSS correlated significantly and positively with all measures of DASH indicating good convergent validity of KMSS-H. The results also indicated no significant gender and age differences on marital satisfaction as measured by KMSS-H. The findings indicated that Kansas Marital satisfaction Scale-Hindi (KMSS-H) may function as a useful brief measure of marital satisfaction in Indian culture.
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This study was designed to establish the construct, convergent and predictive validity (gender and age differences) of Hindi version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale in Indian cultural milieu. For the purpose three hundred 21 to 75 years old married couples (300 husbands and 300 wives) with at least graduation qualification were sampled from Chowk and adjoining areas of Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh following a multistage sampling procedure, and they completed the Hindi version of 32-items DAS (Spanier and Cole, 1976). Factor analysis (principal components) on Hindi version of DAS (DAS-H) with the loading equal to or more than 0.400, Eigen value equal to 1.00, by applying Promax rotation method following Scree plot revealed three factors, and finally, confirmatory factor analysis by AMOS - version 20 revealed an acceptable model fit on 17 items, content of 9 items of the first factor (# 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14), 4 items of second factor (# 24, 26, 27 and 28) and 4 items of the third factor (# 16, 20, 21 and 22) showed similar behavioral components i.e., Dyadic Consensus (DC), Dyadic Cohesion (DCH) and Dyadic Satisfaction (DS). The psychometric properties of the DAS-H manifested good internal consistency with fairly high reliability and acceptable construct and convergent validity. The gender and age differences analyses also indicated that the instrument has good predictive validity, thus, the DAS-H produced a reliable and valid measurement of marital adjustment in Hindi speaking Indian cultural milieu.
Background and objective
Infertility is a global public health issue and may adversely influence marital quality. The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS) is a quick, easy to administer and score, 3-item scale measuring marital quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the KMSS in Iranian infertile people.
Materials and methods
The research sample consist of 254 infertile people drawn from a referral fertility clinic in Tehran, Iran from February to May 2017. The participants were administered the KMSS, Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI-4), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and a demographic questionnaire. Tests of data quality included descriptive statistics of the data, internal reliability consistency, inter-item correlations, corrected item total correlations, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and convergent validity.
Results
The mean total KMSS score was 17.73 ± 3.02. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for KMSS was 0.901. All corrected item-total correlations and inter-item correlations were in acceptable range. Based on CFA result, the one-factor model was fully saturated, and all three factor loadings were significant and in the expected direction. The KMSS significantly correlated with CSI-4, HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression, indicating an acceptable convergent validity.
Conclusion
In summary, the present study provides further evidence that the KMSS is psychometrically sound and therefore it can be recommended for further use by researchers interested in the context of marital quality.
The present study examined, via qualitative interviews, the experience of marital satisfaction across three cultures: the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Beijing, China. A total of 79 respondents were interviewed in the three cultures and template analysis with an emic approach was used as the analytic method. Results indicated that, in all three cultures, a stable relationship with the spouse, spousal support, partnership with the spouse, and stable family finances were important factors that contributed to marital satisfaction. Cultural differences also appeared. Companionship was more important for British respondents, while harmonious marital relations were more important for Hong Kong respondents. These findings were generally consistent with postulates from modernization theories and cultural value theories.
This article employs event-history analysis of couple-level data from two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households to examine the effects of spouses' perceptions of shared time and marital quality and stability on subsequent odds of marital dissolution. Of central importance in the analysis is the role that gender plays, because empirical evidence documents significant gender variation in spouses' expectations, perceptions, and experience of marriage. When husbands provide the more negative evaluations of marital quality, the couple are more likely to dissolve their marriage; but when more concrete, proximate measures of marital stability are considered, wives' more negative reports are better predictors of subsequent divorce. The analysis provides a contribution to divorce research by modeling the effects of couple-level, social-psychological dynamics and by highlighting the importance of recognizing the multiple, often conflicting realities of the emotional content of marriage.
Although a large number of studies show a correlation between marital status and mental health, the relative magnitude of the relationship, as compared to the strength of the relationship of other variables related to mental health, is not known. In this empirical evaluation, it is shown that in the present data, marital status is the most powerful predictor of the mental health variables considered. Data are then used to show that it is the quality of a marriage and not marriage per se that links marriage to positive mental health. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the psychological functions of marriage.
Many studies point out the importance of marital satisfaction for well-being. However, although being married is still the norm in middle and old age, research on the determinants of marital satisfaction has neglected long-term marriages. While research on short-term marriages mainly focuses on partner fit (e.g., in personality traits and socio-economic status), marital interactions should be more important for marital satisfaction in long-term marriages. In this article we examine the role of both stable, dispositional factors and of marital interaction in predicting marital satisfaction in long-term marriages in middle and old age. With data from 588 married women and men in middle and old age who participated in the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE), we examined age and gender differences in the role of socio-economic status, personality, and marital interaction as predictors of marital satisfaction. Results showed a) that socio-economic factors and personality played a minor role in predicting marital satisfaction, and b) that a high quality of dyadic interaction was particularly important for the marital satisfaction of women. The implications of these findings for future research and interventions on marital interaction in middle and old age are discussed.
An analysis of the internal consistency and criterion validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale in a sample of 299 African-American wives and 589 African-American husbands provided support for the use of this global measure with African-American couples. Results of the same psychometric test with comparison group of Causcasian husbands (n = 1,511) and wives (n = 1,818) were strikingly similar.
This article presents a dynamic model that encompasses the inevitable changes found in long-term marriages and makes it possible to derive patterns of relationship over time. The proposed taxonomy describes the trajectories of marriages of a half century or more. Six types of very long-term marriages are specified: stable/positive, stable/neutral, stable/negative, curvilinear, continuous decline, and continuous increase. The sample for this study comes from the longitudinal Berkeley Older Generation Study, which yields case records of 17 marriages that have lasted for 50 to 69 years. Nearly three-quarters of the marriages show either the curvilinear or the stable/positive patterns. No continuous decline was observed.
Using the 1988 National Survey of Families and Households, this study examines the prevalence and determinants of stable unhappy marriage. Exchange theory predicts that the costs and benefits of remaining in the current marriage, the barriers to change, and the attractiveness of alternatives explain marital stability. Age, lack of prior marital experience, commitment to marriage as an institution, low social activity, lack of control over one's life, and belief that divorce would detract from happiness are all predictive of stability in unhappy marriages. Several other factors in the analysis, however, do not have a strong influence on stability. Although the exchange perspective may be helpful in the selection of variables and interpretation of results, it does not point to the specific factors that will have the greatest influence on the stability of relationships.
This study reviews the development of the Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS). The MSS was designed to assess one's level of satisfaction toward his or her own marriage. Marital satisfaction was defined as an attitude of greater or lesser favorability toward one's own marital relationship. Measurement of the perception of one's marriage by means of an attitude scale was the focus of the effort. Design objectives for developing the measure were to generate a new set of items, to utilize a single-item style with an easy scoring system, to guard against contamination by marital conventionalization and social desirability, and to provide items which could reflect attitudinal change likely to occur as a result of marital intervention. Research results indicate that the instrument has very high internal consistency, sufficient test-retest reliability and validity, and a low degree of contamination with social desirability.
This is part of the series "Treatment Manuals for Practitioners".
The article examines the ability of early and concurrent relationship satisfaction to predict newlyweds' level of depression. The sample was composed of 241 couples, all of whom were white, responding to advertisements for couples about to marry. Both spouses were assessed prior to marriage and at 6 and 18 months after marriage. Marital relationship variables were found to be predictive of later depressive symptomatology for all spouses, but a chronically dysphoric subsample was found to be more reactive to changes in marital adjustment. The results are taken as support for the hypothesis that those who are chronically dysphoric are more vulnerable to stresses within the marital relationship. There was no evidence that the prospective effect of marriage on later symptoms was moderated by gender.
Forty‐five individuals (22 couples and 1 widowed person) living in arranged marriages in India completed questionnaires measuring marital satisfaction and wellness. The data were compared with existing data on individuals in the United States living in marriages of choice. Differences were found in importance of marital characteristics, but no differences in satisfaction were found. Differences were also found in 9 of 19 wellness scales between the 2 groups. Implications for further research are considered.
The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.
\bstract—A sample of ISO recently marned couples provided data egarding mantal satisfaction and depressive symptoms Approxi- rnateh 18 months later, 116 of these couples provided complete in- formation on mantal satisfaction and depression once again The data \\,ere examined using three sets of causal models, which yielded con- i erging results For men, causal paths emerged from depression to mantal satisfaction, whereas for women causal paths were from sat- isfaction to depression The results are discussed in relation to the marital discord model of depression
This study reports on the development of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, a new measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads. The 32 item scale is designed for use with either married or unmarried cohabiting couples. Despite widespread criticisms of the concept of adjustment, the study proceeds from the pragmatic position that a new measure, which is theoretically grounded, relevant, valid, and highly reliable, is necessary since marital and dyadic adjustment continue to be researched. This factor analytic study tests a conceptual definition set forth in earlier work and suggests the existence of four empirically verified components of dyadic adjustment which can be used as subscales [dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, dyadic consensus and affectional expression]. Evidence is presented suggesting content, criterion related, and construct validity. High scale reliability is reported. The possibility of item weighting is considered and endorsed as a potential measurement technique, but it is not adopted for the present Dyadic Adjustment Scale. It is concluded that the Dyadic Adjustment Scale represents a significant improvement over other measures of marital adjustment, but a number of troublesome methodological issues remain for future research.
This paper considers the common association between marital problems and depression and describes the cognitive and behavioral factors which are common to these two problems. A set of cognitive behavioral interventions is presented, a treatment procedure which addresses cognitive and behavioral factors at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels is described, and treatment limitations and possible solutions to problems that may arise in treatment implementation are discussed. The interventions presented, which focus on modifying spouses' distorted causal attributions, include logical analysis, review of past and current concrete evidence, and the use of behavioral experiments to test assumptions. Since treatment combines individual and conjoint sessions, strategies are given for conducting each type of session. Specific therapeautic issues and procedures for use with depressed and nondepressed spouses are described. Methods of reducing clients' tendencies to view their marital problems in terms of unidimensional causality is reviewed, as are methods for modifying spouses' self-fulfilling negative prophecies about their relationship. Techniques for modifying unrealistic beliefs about individual and marital functioning are outlined. Possible solutions to common problems such as depression in both spouses, an unavailable partner, chronic aversive marital interaction, and problematic therapist characteristics are presented. (Author/ABB)
The discussion begins with an overview of the MSI-R (Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised), emphasizing scale structure and composition, administration and scoring, and empirical foundations of reliability and validity. Attention then shifts to clinical use in assessment and treatment of distressed relationships. A basic interpretive strategy for configural analysis integrating both partners' profiles is presented, along with recommendations for incorporating assessment data into different phases of therapy. Clinical use of the computer-based interpretive narrative is also emphasized. Third, use of the MSI-R as a measure for evaluating treatment outcome is addressed. Findings from various treatment studies highlight pre- to posttreatment profile changes typical of couples in treatment and the extent to which the MSI-R facilitates predicting couples' response to therapy. The chapter concludes with a clinical case highlighting the manner in which the MSI-R can be incorporated into the initial design and subsequent evaluation of treatment interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Discusses the major propositions of psychological differentiation theory, cross-cultural studies of the theory's validity and generality, and problems in the existing research evidence and lines of further study that are suggested by the theory. Operative variables in the cross-cultural situation, including socialization, social tightness, ecological adaptation, and biological effects, are identified and discussed as antecedents to the development of psychological differentiation. It is suggested that characteristic levels of differentiation are adaptive to the ecological and cultural settings which societies occupy, and that levels of psychological differentiation do make a difference in the process of acculturation. The need for extending research findings on acculturation and differentiation back to the social and cultural settings that nurtured differentiation theory itself and the tools for its measurement is noted. (91/2 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
I have attempted to categorize the assessment of marital problems into various substantive areas that have received considerable research attention. Those areas and the respective topical chapters in this book are as follows: Assessment of Behavior; Assessment of Affect; Assessment of Social Cognition; Assessment of Communication; Assessment of Sexual Dysfunction; Assessment of Child and Marital Problems; and Assessment of Family Functioning.... All the authors of the chapters in this book are active clinicians as well as researchers, and it is my hope that this clinical flavor is apparent in their emphases in the chapters on directions both for research and clinical practice, and in the summary chapter, "Assessment in Clinical Practice." Finally, in order to facilitate the assessment of marital cases, an appendix is provided in which one self-report measure from each of the substantive domains covered in the chapters is included along with information on reliability, validity, and normative data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Although often ignored, reliability is critical when interpreting study effects and test results. Accordingly, this article focuses on the most commonly used estimate of reliability, internal consistency coefficients, with emphasis on coefficient alpha. An interpretive framework is provided for applied researchers and others seeking a conceptual understanding of these estimates.
Investigated the multiple correlation between physical health status and a set of marriage-related "predictor" variables. Family practice physicians provided a sample of 104 married couples (average age, 30 yrs). Marital satisfaction, depression, number of visits to physician, and educational level were among the set of cross-validated "predictors" of reported physical health status. The correlation between physical health status (the Cornell Medical Index) and depression (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale) was significantly greater for wives than husbands. For wives, marital satisfaction (Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test) and depression were related primarily through the uncontrolled variance in physical health status, whereas for husbands a significant relationship between marital satisfaction and depression remained for husbands when physical health status was partialed out. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
We examined the impact of parental marital quality, both before marriage and after the birth of a child, on child attachment and related constructs. 39 parents (20 families) with children between the ages of 1-3 years completed measures of marital satisfaction, conflict, and communication at 2 time periods (premarriage and postbirth, 3-5 years later). Parents also completed Q-sort descriptions of their child at postbirth, yielding scores for security of attachment, sociability, and dependency. Results indicated that both premarital and postbirth indices of the parent's marital relationship were related to child functioning. For mothers, high satisfaction, low conflict, and high communication quality (rated by fathers) were related to child security of attachment and dependency. For fathers, higher levels of premarital conflict and lower levels of communication quality were positively related to dependency. These findings indicate that the quality of the parents' relationship before marriage as well as after the child is born is related to child functioning.
This study examined the effects of retirement status, length of retirement, and spouse's retirement status on marital satisfaction. Although some previous research and theory suggest that retirement has salutary effects on the quality of marriage, we find no such pattern here. Instead, some small negative effects are observed, particularly involving effects of husbands' retirement on the marital satisfaction of employed wives. These results suggest an explanation in terms of the household division of labor, employing insights from equity theory. Overall, there is no indication of any beneficial impact of retirement on the marital satisfaction of either husbands or wives.
This study examines the relationship between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction in Chinese families. Hierarchical multiple regression using data from the 1993 China Housing Survey indicates that, when controlling for the other variables, sexual satisfaction has considerable impact on marital satisfaction. We also found that the effects of sexual satisfaction on marital satisfaction are moderated by gender and education. The study suggests that marriage counseling, with an emphasis on promoting awareness of sexual quality, would be helpful in addressing marital problems in Chinese families.
This study examined the effects of age, education, number of children, employment status, and length of marriage on marital satisfaction. Seven hundred and eighty-seven nonrandomly selected married adults from the Flanders region in Belgium completed the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ) (Arrindell, Boelens, & Lambert, 1983a2.
Arrindell , W. A. ,
Boelens , W. and
Lambert , H. 1983a. On the psychometric properties of the Maudsley Marital Questionairre (MMQ): Evaluation of self-ratings in distressed and ‘normal’ volunteer couples based on the Dutch version. Personality and Individual Differences, 4: 293–306. [CROSSREF][CSA] [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®]View all references). The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the marital satisfaction of the first married and remarried adults. A gender-level analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the marital satisfaction of men and women. Among the demographic variables, the effect of length of marriage was highly significant with marital satisfaction. In a separate analysis, we found that the effect of age and number of children had a statistically significant effect on the sexual adjustment of the respondents. Accordingly, we found that age, number of children, and length of marriage were significantly positively correlated with sexual adjustment (MMQ-S) and educational attainment with general-life adjustment (MMQ-GL) problems.
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