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Sustainable Development and Industry Revolutions
Abstract
The Industrial Revolutions are mainly divided into four groups which are Industry 1.0Industry 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. It is obvious that the previous revolution triggers the new one and the process of entering the Industrial Revolutions differs from country to country. The Importance of Sustainability has systematically emerged for all nations, and 17 basic goals have been identified by the United Nations for leaving a better world for future generations. Therefore, the process of Industrial 4.0 revolution will make better Contribution in achieving SDGs with more efficient use of natural Resources, human power and the advance technology.
Capital structure can put pressure on firms to change their level of competitive intensity in an industry. The availability of debt and equity finance may have a significant effect on competitive strategies of the firm such as differentiation and cost leadership. This study contends that financial policies can create bargaining pressure on firms to either dampen competitive rivalry or increase the threat of new entrants. This study is the first to investigate the role of capital structure on firms’ competitive strategies in Bangladesh. The study examines the role of capital structure on the link between competitive strategies and financial performance of firms in the tourism destination of Bangladesh. It further examines the nexus between differentiation strategy and capital structure, and the relationship between cost leadership strategy and capital structure. The study employs a panel regression estimation technique to analyze the sample data of 85 listed firms in Bangladesh for the period 2007-2018. Findings reveal that capital structure favors cost leadership strategy over differentiation strategy. The moderating effects of capital structure show the relationship between cost leadership and financial performance is stronger when firms use long-term debt and short-term debt while the link between differentiation strategy and financial performance is stronger when firms use total debt and equity finance. This study provides a new model for sustaining competitive strategy through capital structure theoretically and for tourism policymakers.
Keywords: competitive strategy, capital structure, tourism, Bangladesh
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is changing everything - from the way we relate to each other, to the work we do, the way our economies work, and what it means to be human. We cannot let the brave new world that technology is currently creating simply emerge. All of us need to help shape the future we want to live in. But what do we need to know and do to achieve this?
In Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Klaus Schwab and Nicholas Davis explore how people from all backgrounds and sectors can influence the way that technology transforms our world. Drawing on contributions by more than 200 of the world's leading technology, economic and sociological experts to present a practical guide for citizens, business leaders, social influencers and policy-makers this book outlines the most important dynamics of the technology revolution, highlights important stakeholders that are often overlooked in our discussion of the latest scientific breakthroughs, and explores 12 different technology areas central to the future of humanity.
Emerging technologies are not predetermined forces out of our control, nor are they simple tools with known impacts and consequences. The exciting capabilities provided by artificial intelligence, distributed ledger systems and cryptocurrencies, advanced materials and biotechnologies are already transforming society. The actions we take today - and those we don't - will quickly become embedded in ever-more powerful technologies that surround us and will, very soon, become an integral part of us.
By connecting the dots across a range of often-misunderstood technologies, and by exploring the practical steps that individuals, businesses and governments can take, Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution helps equip readers to shape a truly desirable future at a time of great uncertainty and change.
This paper develops a model of growth and income inequalities in the presence of imperfect capital markets, and it analyses
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First, when the rate of capital accumulation is sufficiently high, the economy converges to a unique invariant wealth distribution.
Second, even though the trickle-down mechanism can lead to a unique steady-state distribution under laissez-faire, there is
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it accelerates the trickle-down process. Third, the process of capital accumulation initially has the effect of widening inequalities
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