The Documentation of Antonellis’ Fortresses, a research between two worlds

Abstract

The international conference "Between East and West: transposition of cultural systems and military technology of fortified landscapes" is organized in order to compare the results and the updates about the several researches made by experts of various nationalities, about the theme of cultural routes and fortified landscapes. The scientific knowledge, the analysis, the documentation and the architectural survey of the heritage in all its meanings, are essential instruments for the understanding and the improvement of any information and sign that history and culture has produced in each places or in a specific geographic area. These signs are in any case the result of the transposition of cultural models, of building technologies and offensive and/or defensive strategies, that have been tested, consolidated and exported for a long time, and that have determined the image of whole territories. The implementation of the knowledge, the specific studies and the documentation programs, also constitute the main basis for the exercise of critical and interpretative activities, in order to training and to develop a particular settlement, city or area. Besides, they are also useful for the expectation of the necessary specific planning for the conservation and the improvement, that are aimed at promoting the conscious development of human activities in that places. This international conference aims at comparing the experiences made in this scientific area, that have allowed the development of operational methods for researches useful for the correct understanding of both the architectures and the historical and archaeological complexes. Furthermore, it also aims at taking into consideration the cultural and environmental contexts of the contemporary history, giving essential advices for a critical reading and a proper evaluation about the conservation actions for this important heritage.

Full text

The international conference “Between East and West: transposition of cultural systems and military technology
of fortied landscapes” is organized in order to compare the results and the updates about the several researches
made by experts of various nationalities, about the theme of cultural routes and fortied landscapes. The
scientic knowledge, the analysis, the documentation and the architectural survey of the heritage in all its
meanings, are essential instruments for the understanding and the improvement of any information and sign
that history and culture has produced in each places or in a specic geographic area. These signs are in any
case the result of the transposition of cultural models, of building technologies and offensive and/or defensive
strategies, that have been tested, consolidated and exported for a long time, and that have determined the
image of whole territories. The implementation of the knowledge, the specic studies and the documentation
programs, also constitute the main basis for the exercise of critical and interpretative activities, in order to
training and to develop a particular settlement, city or area. Besides, they are also useful for the expectation
of the necessary specic planning for the conservation and the improvement, that are aimed at promoting the
conscious development of human activities in that places. This international conference aims at comparing
the experiences made in this scientic area, that have allowed the development of operational methods for
researches useful for the correct understanding of both the architectures and the historical and archaeological
complexes. Furthermore, it also aims at taking into consideration the cultural and environmental contexts of
the contemporary history, giving essential advices for a critical reading and a proper evaluation about the
conservation actions for this important heritage.
Between east and west
transposition of cultural systems
and military technology of
fortified landscapes
Between east and west
edited By
sandro parrinello
stefano Bertocci
giovanni pancani
€ 14,00

edited by
Sandro Parrinello
Stefano bertocci
Giovanni Pancani
between eaSt and weSt
tranSPoSition of cultural SyStemS
and military technoloGy of
fortified landScaPeS

The editors would like to thank all those who contributed with their work to the international congress
and given their authorisation for publication. The editors and the organizers cannot be held responsible
for either the contents or opinions expressed in these works. In addition, the authors hereby declare that
the contents of this communication are original ones, or when appropriate, they have the corresponding
authorisation to include, use or adapt long quotations or tables and illustrations from other works.
This is a double blind peer review publication evaluated by experts in the eld of fortied landscapes and
fortresses. The sources and information found within that particular work has been veried by the referee
committee. The referee committee was selected by the scientic committee of the Conference among the
most experts in this eld; peer review referee screened the submitted articles. This process has been chosen
to encourage authors to meet the accepted standards of their discipline and to prevent the dissemination of
irrelevant ndings or uncorrect interpretations.
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Department of Architecture,
Drawing, History, Design,
University of Florence
Forum UNESCO ICOMOS Italia ICOFORT University of
Pavia
University of
Florence
Laboratory of Landscape
Survey & Design,
University of Florence
Province of
Florence
Province of
Arezzo
Municipality of
Poppi
Union of Municipalities of the Casentino Mountains
FRDB - Life Beyond Tourism
CAM 2- Faro Group Technology Inc.
OIKOS srl
Department of Civil
Engineering and Architecture,
University of Pavia

Proceedings of the International Conference “Between East and West: transposition of cultural systems and
military technology of fortied landscapes”. Poppi (AR)-Firenze, Italy May 7-13, 2012.
University of Florence; Department of Architecture, Drawing - History - Design.
University of Pavia; Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture.
Organizing COmmittee
Sandro Parrinello University of Pavia, Italy
Stefano bertocci University of Florence, Italy
Giovanni Pancani University of Florence, Italy
aleSSandro brezzi Director of Rilliana Library, Poppi (AR), Italy
milaGroS floreS román ICOFORT president, USA
SCientifiC COmmittee
PhiliPPe braGard Belgium
tamara blaneS martín Cuba
robert treufeldt Estonia
nicolaS faucherre France
michel Perloff France
athanaSioS nakaSiS Greece
cho Doo won Korea
carloS Scheltema Holland
Stefano bertocci Italy
marco bini Italy
anGelo buGatti Italy
aleSSandra marino Italy
anna marotta Italy
Sandro Parrinello Italy
ciro robotti Italy
Giovanni Pancani Italy
franciSco muñoz eSPejo Mexico
maricruz PailleS Mexico
roberta luciani havran Norway
dominGoS buchoS Portugal
manuel jeSúS ramírez blanco Spain
fernando coboS Spain
Pablo rodríGuez navarro Spain
juan a. rodríGuez-villaSante Prieto Spain
david mitchell UK
douGlaS Pritchard UK
viacheSlav kulinich Ukraine
milaGroS floreS román USA
roy Graham USA
SCientifiC SeCretariat
Sandro Parrinello
Organizing SeCretariat
Silvia bertacchi
Giovanni minutoli
andrea PaGano
WebSite, graphiC deSign
Sara Porzilli
franceSca Picchio
andrea PaGano

INDEX
greetingS
Graziano aGoStini Major of the Municipality of Poppi 15
vincenzo ceccarelli Councillor of the Region Tuscany, President of the Sixth Committee - Environment and Territory 16
rita mezzetti Panozzi Councillor to Cultural Activities and Heritage, to Public Education and Tourism in
the Province of Arezzo 17
marco GamannoSSi Councillor to Planning, Territorial Programming, Parks and Protected Areas in
the Province of Florence 18
Saverio mecca Dean of the Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence 19
uliSSe tramonti
Director of the Department of Architecture, Design-History-Project, University of Florence 20
ferdinando auricchio
Director of the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia 21
anGelo buGatti
Director of the Master Degree Course in Building Engineering/Architecture University of Pavia 22
fOrtified landSCape SyStemS and netWOrkS
The documenTaTion of anTonellis’ forTresses, a research beTween Two worlds. 27
Sandro Parrinello
anTonelli and The spanish forTified caribbean. 34
Milagros Flores Román
analysis of The condiTion of The casTles of valencian province. 38
Manuel Jesús Ramírez Blanco, Jaime Llinares, Ana Valls, Rafael Emilio Marín
casTles of The province of valencia in GeoGraphic informaTion sysTem (Gis). 42
Concepción López González, Simeón Couto López, Francisco Taberner Pastor
The research projecT documenTinG The forTresses of The casenTino area. 45
Giovanni Pancani
casenTino TerriTory and casTles. 48
Marco Bini
casTles in The norThern border of sobrarbe, oriGinaTinG aT The Time of sancho el mayor (11Th cenTury). 52
Susana Mora Alonso-Muñoyerro, Pablo Cruz Franco, Mónica Fernández de la Fuente, Patricia González Amigo,
Marcos Hernanz, María de Juan Pelillo, Natalia Rubio, Adela Rueda Márquez de la Plata, Jesús Sánchez Arenas
culTural landscapes of The miliTary archiTecTure of veracruz. camino real veracruz, mexico via jalapa. 55
Dolores Pineda Campos, Alfonso García y García, Roberto Ramírez Rodríguez
meThodoloGy for The sTudy of a spanish forT in The 18Th cenTury: forT Galeras in carTaGena (spain). 60
Guillermo Guimaraens, Juan Francisco Noguera, Virginia Navalón
The applicaTion of miliTary TreaTises in The desiGn of The spanish forTresses in The second half of The
sixTeenTh cenTury: The work of The palearo fraTino broThers. 64
Andrea Pirinu

feaTures of The archiTecTure of casTles and forTified churches of crusader epoch. 67
Stefano Bertocci
The defence sysTem of cosTanTinople in The middle aGes and The archaeoloGical works in The
byzanTine forTress of yoros/hieron on The bosporus. 70
Asnu Bilban Yalcin
The forTificaTion of medieval caesarea (israël), a defensive melTinG poT. 73
Nicolas Faucherre
from drawinG in The TreaTises To buildinG in The consTrucTion siTes: examples in piemonTe. 76
Anna Marotta
sTudy on The role of The forTified sysTems of TrenTino wiThin The ausTrian hunGarian empire TarGeTed
To The valorisaTion of The forTified heriTaGe. 81
Fiorenzo Meneghelli
casTles in ruins: a proTocol for The planninG of conservaTion and manaGemenT. 85
Lorenzo Appolonia, Gabriele Sartorio, Antonino Sergi, Cécil Dupré, Christophe Guffon, Joël Serralongue, Laurent d’Agostino
forTificaTions alonGside narva river and Their muTual miliTary use ThrouGh cenTuries. 88
Robert Treufeldt
beTween easT and wesT – The phenomenon of forTified landscapes in poland. 91
Lidia Klupsz
The forminG peculiariTies of odessa landscape slopes. 94
Nadezhda Yeksareva, Vladimir Yeksarev
seTTlemenTs forms for The land conTrol and defence in basilicaTa. 97
Antonio Conte, Maria Onorina Panza, Marianna Calia, Dario Boris Campanale
The informaTion sysTem of forTificaTions To proTecT of The access To The fucino lake alonG The
via valeria rouTe beTween The 10Th and 12Th cenTury. 100
Romolo Continenza, Ilaria Trizio
forTified farmhouses in sharq al-andalus on The fronTier beTween chrisTians and
muslims (8Th – 13Th cenTuries). 103
Pablo Rodríguez Navarro
The forTified landscapes of The adriaTic basin. 106
Caterina Palestini
defence of The borders of The Tuscan romaGna TerriTory. 109
Fauzia Farneti
CaSe Study Of military teChnOlOgy
namhansanseonG, mounTain forTress ciTy (republic of korea). 115
Cho Doo Won
The house of The chancellor in huanG chenG. The beTTer example of chinese casTle. 119
Francesco Maglioccola 马 方济

forT oulu: desiGns for world´s norThmosT basTion forTress. 122
Petri Vuojala, Harri Ryynänen
charTreuses eT forTificaTions: le cas de la charTreuse de pierre-chaTel. 125
Giovanni Leoncini
The reconverTion of The forT of bard (valle d’aosTa). 128
Laura Blotto
The diGiTal documenTaTion of sTirlinG casTle. 131
Douglas Pritchard, Chris McGregor, David Mitchell
The ciTadel of Gozo. resToraTion sTraTeGies and valorisaTion of malTa forTified sysTem. 134
Marcello Balzani, Federico Ferrari, Luca Rossato, Alessandra Tursi
The ciTadel of Gozo. 3d modelinG. 137
Leonardo Chiechi, Sabina Macchitella
The priamar in savona. criTical readinG of a besieGed forTress. 140
Michel Perloff
The arezzo 16Th cenTury forTress, beTween hisTory and resToraTion. 143
Maurizio De Vita
The forTress of meldola as represenTed in The sTudies of General marinelli. 146
Silvio Van Riel
The casTle of The counTs sambuy. 149
Nadia Fabris
an anTique ciTy: knidos. 152
Sibel Onat Hattap
a forTress, some sieGes and Thier represenTaTion. 155
Roberto Parenti
an “anTe liTTeram” newfoundland: The casTle of pieTrabuona. 158
Alessandro Merlo, Gaia Lavoratti
an early 14Th cenTury florenTine forTress aT fucecchio, in The lower arno valley. 161
Andrea Vanni Desideri
la double enceinTe du chaTeaux de civiTella en valdichiana. 164
Carmela Crescenzi
from defence Tower To culTural symbol: research and presenTaTion of vrsac Tower. 167
Snezana Vecanski
urban renewal on forTified (world) heriTaGe siTes. 170
Karl Kupka
The ladislao ii d’aquino casTle in roccheTTa sanT’anTonio in foGGia. Typical example
amonG The casTles of daunia in The araGonese period. 173
Domenico Spinelli

The “form facTor” in The consTrucTion of monTe sanT’anGelo and casTel del monTe. 176
Giovanni Mongiello
The forTificaTions of malTa in The frescoes by maTTeo perez d’aleccio. 179
Ciro Robotti
pOSter
Giovanni baTTisTa anTonelli: Theory, model and realiTy. 185
Sandro Parrinello, Silvia Bertacchi
renaissance GeomeTry in The evanGelisTa menGa casTles. 188
Pasquale Tunzi
Towers of The forTified houses of seGovia. presence in The skyline of The ciTy. 191
Marcos Hernanz, Natalia Rubio
reuTilizaTion of Three spanish casTles: maqueda, peñafiel and simancas. 194
Mónica Fernández de la Fuente, Patricia González Amigo, Jesús Sánchez Arenas
hisToric masonry consolidaTions in The walled complex of buiTraGo del lozoya. 197
Silvia Bootello Almendáriz, Ignacio Mora Moreno
forTified lines aT The souTh of The ciTy of cáceres: The forTified landscape as culTural heriTaGe.
forTified house arvajal-villalobos. 200
Adela Rueda Márquez de la Plata, Pablo A. Cruz Franco
sTudy concerninG The developmenT of miliTary archiTecTure confiGuraTion in The TwenTieTh cenTury
colonial ciTy villa cisneros (currenTly dakhla). 203
Ruth Cebrián Jorge, Natalia Rubio Camarillo
The forTified palace of The house of The kniGhTs of sT. john’s hospiTal in jerusalem in The ciTy of valencia. 206
Jorge García Valldecabres, Maria Luisa Navarro García, Daniel Crespo Godino
TechnoloGy of pressinG piles in The consTrucTion of TechnoGenic Ground in The perm reGion. 209
Svetlana V. Maksimova, Ekaterina B. Pimenova, Anna A. Shamarina
The casTellaccio of biviGliano. inTeGraTed survey and enhancemenT for an emblemaTic case of research on
forTificaTion sysTems in norThern Tuscany. 212
Andrea Pagano, Roberto Parenti, Sandro Parrinello
The sysTem of Towers on The amalfi coasT. documenTs, imaGes, consideraTions. 215
Luigi Corniello
The sTronG places of The valley simeTo. The donjon of adrano, paTernò and moTTa. 218
Nello Caruso
sTudy of archiTecTural and decoraTive sTyles of The sacred environmenTs inside The crusader donjons aT
paTernò and adrano. 221
Sara Bua
casTles and forTified sysTems in abruzzo: The case sTudy of acciano. 224
Carlo Raffaelli, Sara Porzilli

acciano walled villaGe: problems of seismic vulnerabiliTy of hisToric forTified cenTers. 227
Giovanni Minutoli
seacoasT defence sysTems: The casTle of roccella jonica and Tower pizzofalcone. 230
Stefano Bertocci, Graziella Del Duca
The “palaTium sive forTiliTium” of alamanni salviaTi aT ponTe alla badia. 233
Monica Lusoli
meleTo casTle. 236
Linda Puccini
The balTic culTure and Tourism rouTe forTresses (balTic forT rouTe – bfr). 239
Hans-Rudolf Neumann
The ausTrian forTs in TrenTino: memories from The pasT To The fuTure. 240
Giovanna Massari
The forT of The royal siTe of porTici. 243
Annamaria Robotti
boloGna permanenT forTificaTion. 245
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio, V. Baroncini
morpholoGic sTudy on The casTle of almenara. 248
Pablo Rodriguez-Navarro, Teresa Gil-Piqueras, Filippo Fantini
archeoloGical survey of The casTles and forTificaTions of esfahan from The perspecTive of adminisTraTive
GeoGraphy, from beGinninG of The islamic era To The safavid period. 249
Ali Shojaee Esfahani
exhibitiOn CatalOgue
1) documenTaTion of The anTonellis’ forTresses. 255
Curator of the exhibition: Sandro Parrinello
2) heriTaGe in danGer. casTles and forTresses in The province of valencia 270
Curator of the exhibition: Manuel Jesús Ramírez Blanco
3) 3d laser scanner survey of counTs Guidi’s casTle of poppi and pieve a socana. 276
Curator of the exhibition: Stefano Bertocci, Giovanni Pancani

26
Between East and West: transposition of cultural systems and military technology of fortied landscape
The Morro of Santiago de Cuba San Pedro de la Roca, The Morro of Havana and the Morro of St. Juan de Porto Rico. These
fortresses, similar in shape, have very impressive dimensions: irregular masses of different heights above the ridge of the
promontory, with a well modeled embankment. In all cases, the difference of heights enriches the inner organization where
courtyards, ramps, terraces and palaces, all useful to the needs of visual and defensive artillery.

27
Fortied Landscape Systems and Networks
The research project for the documentation of the Antonellis’ fortresses has begun since 2005 with a research
on the Fort San Pedro de la Roca in Santiago de Cuba in collaboration with Cuban institutions.
From the rst documentation campain of the image of the fort and the bay has been developed a research
project, coordinated between university and local institution with Italian researchers, which led to the
achievement of an accurate survey of the fortress and to the study of the general defence system of the bay
of Santiago de Cuba.
From this synergy with local historians and superintendences, the project was put into action with a series of
panels, exhibited in the Morro Museum, promoting the development of the idea of a widespread museum on
the Antonellis’ work. The works of the Antonellis, Italian engineers from Gatteo, who in the sixteenth century
organized the defence strategy of the European colonies in Central America, can be considered a cultural
The documenTaTion of anTonellis’ forTresses, a research beTween Two worlds
Sandro Parrinello
Keywords: Fortresses, 16th/17th century, documentation and survey
The fort of San Juan de Ulua in Veracruz (Mexico), The fort of Sant’Agostino in Florida (United States).
The Real Fuerza of Havana (Cuba) and the fort of San Severino in Matanzas (Cuba) are some examples of fortresses
with a quadrilateral plan.
University of Pavia, Italy

28
Between East and West: transposition of cultural systems and military technology of fortied landscape
link between the Italian Renaissance tradition and the expressions of colonial architecture, in the historic
period widely spread in the overseas territories. Signicant example of the expression of Italian and Spanish
culture in Central America, nowadays the fortresses built by the Antonellis are world-wide considered to be
important cultural monuments, protected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, and representing the symbol
of the region they are built in. The project carried out by the Antonellis consisted in organizing a territorial
defensive system, a network of fortresses and ramparts in defence of the Spanish territories.
These works have never been studied before in their complexity because of socio-political events that
General plan of the bay of Portobelo in Panama: the complex of the existing system of fortications.

29
Fortied Landscape Systems and Networks
involved the countries where they are located. That is the reason why today there isn’t any complete and
updated database informing us about their state of preservation, and also the problems that may concern such
context, besides the projects and the planning activity of the mentioned italian engineers.
Studying the works of the Antonellis involves putting together several information coming from a wide
geographical area, studying architecture, evaluating the relationship between defensive system and territory,
analyzing the used military technologies.
Today the work of the Antonellis is an opportunity scientically and culturally, but also for tourism and
Economy, to develop a network of exchanges and synergies that, through this research process and the
documentation of these “Italian” works, could become the way to the qualication of landscape and cultural
contexts. Each fortress is located in a specic state of preservation, managed by a specic public body that
requires new strategies for its protection and enhancement, or abandoned in sites of incredibly valuable.
The network of the defensive buildings by the Antonellis is an opportunity to highlight the links between
the Italian tradition and the countries where these monuments are located and also to disseminate the new
information found about them.
The interest aroused from the event in Santiago has turned the researchtowards a study on the fortications
of Havana, entirely projected by the Antonelli family. Within this research in 2008, in 2009 and 2010,
students from the University of Florence carried out some surveys for a period of over six months in Cuba,
by committing in measurement campaigns coordinated by university professors and researchers on Cuban
territory. The following case study, chosen for its similarity to the Morro of Havana and of Santiago, was
the San Juan of Puerto Rico, where the project was supported by the structure of the National Service Parck
through the relationships with the University of Porto Rico. During the ICOFORT 2010 annual meeting,
that took place in the Fort of San Cristobal, determining also in this case an important connection and
Some surveys for the documentation of the bay of Portobelo in Panama.

30
Between East and West: transposition of cultural systems and military technology of fortied landscape
The defensive system of Havana.

31
Fortied Landscape Systems and Networks
relationship with the most important experts of the Puerto Rican
defence system participating to the event, the Italian research team
was in charge of surveying the fortresses, testing a system of data
collection and processing closely related to the restitution of three-
dimensional measurements.
In the project of Puerto Rico any information collected for the
documentation of the castles was used in order to build an interactive
platform where it could be possible a real-time netsurng in the
fortress and the virtual exploration of the high resolution 3D spaces,
thus trying to develop a multidimensional design of the information
system on the building.
The main objective of this survey was not only to produce reliable
drawings of the fort - e. g. high-denition plans and sections with
qualitative information - but also to structure a multimedia project that
could be explored through interactive platforms, a drawing showing
the complexity of the environment, able to enhance the fortress and
to highlight the relationships it has with the surrounding context. The
survey of the fortresses up to now studied, determines an important
database, where measurements are three-dimensional, and where
the construction of the three-dimensional image of the fortress is the
result of a process of critical interpretation on the database, adding
information to the system. The research has an additional importance
due to its character of database for the memory of the present state of
the building, but also useful to test in a virtual way any solution for
the restoration or planning actions peculiar to each fortress.
Modeling from the survey and rendering of the Real Fuerza Havana in Cuba.

32
Between East and West: transposition of cultural systems and military technology of fortied landscape
The virtual design can also allow the development for the
enhancement of sytems to enjoy these sites, not always easily
visitable, relating the complex spatial connections among the
works of the Antonellis.
Being the idea of a virtual information network on the
fortresses very well accepted from the institutions involved in
the project, several campains had been started for the resarch
of three interesting sites for the worh of the Antonellis:
Panama Vieja, San Lorenzo del Chagres and Portobelo.
The documentation for the knowledge and the enhancement
of the bay of Portobelo in Panama has began in December
2010 in collaboration with the Protectorate of Portobelo
and San Lorenzo in the province of Colon. The important
relationship between the defence system and the structure of
the village has made necessary a work of analysis extended
to the social system present in the territory, realized through
the cataloguing of the housing units and of the structure of
the settlement system.
Notes
1
The case of Portobelo, where in the December of that year a landslide due
to the fort of Santiago was declared in 1977 a World Heritage Site from
UNESCO and now houses the National Museum.
The rst of January, 2006, in addition to the anniversary of the revolution,
for the National Museum of the Castillo San Pedro de la Roca, Morro de
Santiago de Cuba, was the anniversary of the well-known ceremony of
“the puesta del sol”. On the occasion of this double celebration, it was
presented the inauguration of the exhibit “Forma y color de una forticación
3D modeling of the fortress of San Juan, Puerto Rico, in particular the portal and a sentry box.

33
Fortied Landscape Systems and Networks
suspendida en el tiempo”organized by the Department of Architecture of the University of Florence in collaboration with the University
of Oriente in Santiago de Cuba and the Ofcina del Conservador of the Ciudad de Santiago de Cuba.
2
For the studies of Santiago de Cuba, the working team was composed by: Dott. Arch. Sandro Parrinello, Scientic Coordinator with
Prof. Stefano Bertocci for the University of Florence; collaborators Caterina Giovannoni, Barbara Serraglini, Martina Simonatti, Fabio
Virdis. For the University of Oriente: Dott. Arch. Flora Morcate Labrada, Arch. Maria Teresa Munoz Castillo. For the Ocina del
Conservador de la Ciudad.
3
In 2008, in collaboration with the Ocina of Historeador de la Ciudad de la Habana, a research campain was organized on the
documentation of fortresses by the Antonellis located in the city. The aim of the project was to create a virtual platform to visit the
fortresses, creating exhibition spaces to house the fortress museum. Five campains documented the fortresses of Punta, the Torreon del
Choimar, the Torreon de la Chorrera, the Morro, the real Fuerza, and the ruins of the ancient perimeter fence. They were carried out
during the following three years for a total period of eight months in Havana. These activities were carried out by the Italian research
team in collaboration with the architect Tamara Blanes.
4
In 2010 in collaboration with the State University of Puerto Rico, Faculty of Architecture Recinto Rio Piedras, collaborating with
Prof. Marco Trevisani, the survey of the Morro of San Juan and the Castle of San Cristobal was achieved, part of the National Park
Service of Puerto Rico.
3D reconstruction of the Pueblo of Portobelo, part of the system of the Bay, to the remote virtual visit of the fortresses.