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Domestic laundry greywaters treatment by a constructed wetland for a purpose of reusing in toilets and floor washing in Bogotá, Colombia
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the efficiency of the treatment of domestic laundry waters by a constructed wetland (decentralized system) for the purpose of reusing it. This device is expected to be implemented in future residential areas of Bogotá, Colombia. The prototype is a reduced scale of this system installed outside to reproduce real conditions and supplied by synthetic laundry greywater. Two configurations of the three wetlands will be studied: in series and in parallel. Analysis of characteristic parameters in the water at the three stages along the system made it possible to evaluate the removal of pollutants initially detected in the inlet water. The results are, as it is, a bit disappointing with a very poor decrease of the contaminants such as ammoniac, nitrites, surfactants, phosphate and chlorine between the inlet and the outlet of the system. In addition, soil analysis of the same pollutants will be led in order to study the storage capacity of the wetland. Those analyses will be performed in both configurations.
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This study aims to discern the domestic gray water (GW) sources that is
least polluting, at the urban households of India, by examining the GW
characteristics, comparing with literature data, reuse standards and
suitable treatment technologies. In view of this, the quantitative and
qualitative characteristics of domestic GW originating from bath, wash
basin, laundry and kitchen sources are determined and compared with
established standards for reuse requirements. Quality of different gray
water sources is characterized with respect to the physical, chemical,
biological, nutrient, ground element and heavy metal properties. The
pollutant loads indicate that the diversion techniques are not suitable
for household application and, therefore, treatment is necessary prior
to storage and reuse. It is observed that the total volume of GW
generated exceeds the reuse requirement for suggested reuse such as for
flushing and gardening/irrigation. In spite of generating less volume,
the kitchen source is found to be the major contributor for most of the
pollutant load and, therefore, not recommended to be considered for
treatment. It is concluded that treatment of GW from bathroom source
alone is sufficient to meet the onsite reuse requirements and thereby
significantly reduce the potable water consumption by 28.5 %.
Constructed wetland systems and constructed soil filters are suggested
as suitable treatment alternatives owing to its ability to treat highly
variable pollutant load with lower operational and maintenance cost,
which is more practical for tropical and developing countries.
Surfactants are the major active ingredients of laundry detergents. Therefore, special attention should be focused on the treatment and disposal of laundry wastewater. The aim of this study was to characterise the wastewater from a commer-cial laundry over 30 days. Physicochemical analyses were performed, monitoring the content of nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metals, linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), volatile organic acids and alcohols. The pH was approximately 5.6 and the COD approximately 4800 mg • L −1 . The average concentrations of sulphate, sulphide, N-ammoniacal organic nitrogen compounds and heavy metals were below the maximum limit, in accordance with local and national environ-mental legislation, and the average total suspended solids was 0.08 g • L −1 . Among the metals analysed, iron was ob-served with the highest concentrations (0.037 mg • L −1 and 0.72 mg • L −1). Phosphate was detected in 93% of samples (94.65 mg • L −1 average). LAS was detected in all samples (12.24 mg • L −1 to 1023.7 mg • L −1). Thirty-three different xeno-biotic organic compounds were identified in the laundry wastewater with the qualitative screening. The major groups of the compounds were fragrances, preservatives, solvents and some surfactants. Although the characterisation indicated low values for many parameters, this does not eliminate the need for specific treatment before its disposal at the sewage system.
Por la cual se adoptan disposiciones relacionadas con el uso de aguas residuales tratadas
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Lara J. (1999). Depuración de aguas residuales urbanas mediante humedales artificiales [tésis de maestría],
Barcelona, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Máster en ingeniería y gestión ambiental.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (2014). Resolución n°1207 del 25 de Julio 2014 "Por la cual se
adoptan disposiciones relacionadas con el uso de aguas residuales tratadas."