Investigation of Influence of Erosion Process on Widespread Mountainous Cultivation Lands in the Slopes of Azerbaijan

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International Invention of Scientific Journal
Available Online at http://www.iisj.in
eISSN: 2457-0958
Volume 02|Issue 07|July, 2018|
International Invention of Scientific Journal, Volume 03, Issue 04, Page no: 268-272
Page | 268
Received: June 20, 2018
Accepted: July 23, 2018
Published: July 30, 2018
*Corresponding Author:
* PROF.DR. Z.H. ALIYEV
Institute of Soil Science and
Agrochemistry of ANAS
Email:
Investigation of Influence of Erosion Process on
Widespread Mountainous Cultivation Lands in
the Slopes of Azerbaijan
Dr. Prof, Member Cor. ANAS A.I. Ismailov1, Prof.Dr. Z.H.Aliyev1*
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS
The aim of the study was to investigate the development of erosion processes
in the south-eastern part of the Greater Caucasus, the widespread gray-brown
soils in the agricultural regions, the study of the effects of the erosion process
on the varieties of cereal crops and soil fertility cultivated on the moderate
erosion lands .It is proved by the fact that in the territory of the country, wide-
spreading gray-brown brown soils have been used for many years, without any
agro technical rules, even when no sowing systems are used, their agrochemical
composition and other properties have been reduced to considerably degraded
and less productive soils In this regard, it is desirable to develop and apply this
unwanted anti-flood control measures in the field of erosion, which is widely
developed in the area.
Key Words: soil, erosion, erosion and moderately eroded soils, fertility.
In order to identify ways to increase soil fertility in
modern agriculture, a scientific analysis of the
specific properties of each soil should be given in
order to be able to accurately determine the
characteristics of soils in different regions. It is
impossible to use these lands effectively and to get
any crop from agricultural plants. Because of the fact
that the soil is used for a long time under some or
other plants (often under the same plant), their
agrochemical composition and other properties
become worse. It is possible to develop and improve
the management of the lost soil fertility by taking
into account them only in the development of
agriculture. The research was also devoted to
studying this issue.
The Object and Method of Research
The study was carried out in eroded and moderately
eroded species of degraded brown soils spreading in
the vertical direction of the Shamakhi region and
forming the main fund of mountain farming on the
southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus. Soil
samples were taken from their genetic layers and
analyzed in laboratory conditions, where erosion was
Original Article
Abstract
Introduction

Prof.Dr. Z.H. Aliyev, Investigation of Influence of Erosion Process on Widespread Mountainous Cultivation Lands in
the Slopes of Azerbaijan
International Invention of Scientific Journal, Volume 03, Issue 03, Page no: 268-272
Page | 269
IISJ
not eroded to study the effects of erosion on land
fertility, and in medium-eroded cuttings in natural
(harvesting) areas. Degree of soil erosion is
determined on the scale of S.Sobolev and KA
Alekperov (1,2). The Shamakhi region is bordered
by Guba in the north-west, Khizi in the north-west,
Gobustan in the south-east, Hajigabul in the south,
Aghsu in the south-west and west, and Ismayilli in
the north-west.
Analysis and Discussion
The Southeastern Caucasus, including the Shamakhi
region, has a complex geological and
geomorphological structure. Because of the
complexity of natural conditions and the influence of
anthropogenic factors, the erosion process in the area
has widespread and has deteriorated soil fertility.
Depending on the vertical direction of Relyev, this
region is divided into 4 main altitude zones, which
are sharp different from each other;
1. High mountain range (2200 m above sea level and
above);
2. Medium mountain range (800-1000 m above sea
level up to 2000-2300 m);
3. Low mountain ranges and foothills (200 m to 1000
m); 4. Wing girdle (28 m to 200 m)
The erosion has been developed stronger in the
central part of the low mountainous belt relative to
high gorges. According to the modern
geomorphological division BA Budagov refers to the
low mountain range of the Greater Caucasus,
separating the Shamakhi-Gobustan regions by
several half-lives [5]. The agricultural zone of the
region is mainly composed of medium, low
mountainous and foothills. The erosion process in
the agricultural zone of the region has intensified and
has spoiled large areas. The main reason for the
erosion process in the mountain-farming zone of the
region and its spread to large areas is the lack of
attention to ordinary soil-protective agrotechnical
measures on the slopes, non-extraction of sowing,
sowing and other cultivation. The use of slopes in the
middle and low mountainous zones, mainly under
grain crops and low slopes, in the grape plantations,
has also led to erosion strengthening and extensive
coverage. Almost all types and types of erosion are
found in Shamakhi region. Studies show that the
mountainous-brown soils that are used intensively in
mountainous cultivation in the middle and low
mountainous areas of the region have been exposed
to erosion. [3,4]. These lands are mainly formed of
low-oak, brown mountain-forest lands developed
under oak-vulture forests. The formation of
mountain steppes in the areas without systematic
breaks of the forests and the occurrence of degraded
brown soils in these areas. Brown mountain-forested
lands are relatively dry (with a rainfall of 400-500
mm) in climatic conditions. Here, rocks forming
primarily consist of carbonate rocks or their abrasive
products, clayey schists, and conglomerates. These
soils are the thickness of the humus layer, the humus
mass, the relative distribution of the profile, the high
absorption capacity, the neutral reaction neutral or
weak alkaline, mechanical composition is mainly
clay, with high concentrations of carbonates in the
middle layer. H.Aliyev (1972), M.E Salayev (1966),
K.A. Alekperov (1961) and other researchers gave
detailed information on the origin, morphological
features, genetic features and other properties of gray
brown soils [6.7]. For long periods of time under
cultivation of agricultural crops, the grass landslides
have disappeared from the upper layers of dark-
brown soils in the sown areas and have not been
planted, and some of their characteristics are closely
related to stony landscapes (mountain black and
gray-brown). However, the weak profile of the low
profile, especially in the middle layers, is a major
indication of the fact that the majority of carbonates
have come from the bottom of the forest. It has not
been eroded to characterize the morphological
features of dark-brown soils and has been drilled in
moderately eroded natural areas. Morphological
signs of the erosion type of these lands are given in
Desert Descriptive Figures 1.
1. A1 0-12 cm of dark giant, dwarfed, elliptic, soft,
semi-dry, cuckoo, wormwood, pulses, multi-plant
scraps, nane, moonlighted, HCl's tyiridine gyarn.
2. A2 12-37 cm - alfalfa, dark giant, large topavari
(topavari) anwarya, soft, semi cuckoo, cuckoo,
wormwood, semi-rotten plant residues, brown leaks,
moisture, dandruff delay, gneiss.
3. B 37-58 cm - elliptic, light brown, unwanted
cauliflower, soft, celiac cucumber, cucumber, brown
spots, dried root hair, nana, moon's nighttime, thyme
thyroid gneiss.
4. C 48-97 cm., Yellowish brown (brown) structure
is selected, slightly solid, single gentle roots, sparse,
weakly scented spots and boil.
Morphological signs of moderately eroded soils are
given in the desert land of No.2.
1. A1 0-9 cm - alfalfa, open grayish, splinters
(softened), soft, bark, cuckoo, plant scrap, worm
paths, nana, moon latrine, Tiiririndian zircon of HCl.

Prof.Dr. Z.H. Aliyev, Investigation of Influence of Erosion Process on Widespread Mountainous Cultivation Lands in
the Slopes of Azerbaijan
International Invention of Scientific Journal, Volume 03, Issue 03, Page no: 268-272
Page | 270
IISJ
2. B 9-32 cm - alfalfa, open grayish , splinters
(pollinated), soft, sugar, cucumbers, herbs, worm
paths, nanometers, moonlight, HCl's tyiridine helix.
3. C 32-55 cm - alfalfa, stubble brown, structure not
selected, solid, single lime limestone, sparse thin
roots, moisture, garnet.
It is clear from the morphological description that the
structure of these lands has dramatically changed
after the forest (especially in moderately erosive
species). In the middle only, the structure of the
scaffold is very poorly selected. At the moderately
eroded type, the soil structure has been completely
eroded. Numerous studies have shown that the
importance of the structure is great, affecting the
soil's aerosol, and its erosion resistance. In crop-
structured soils compared to unstable soils, the crop
yields more than 40-50-100%. The mechanical
composition of the gray-brown soils is aggressive
and gray. This is evident from both the
morphological description and the results of the
analysis. In the soil we describe, the amount of
physical clay varies between 49.92-59.75% in the
moderately eroded type of 56.20-63.76%. The
relatively small degree of physical clay in the
moderately eroded type shows that pomegranate
particles were washed off as a result of incorrect use
of soil. The majority of lil particles in the lower
layers are related to the presence of an illudial
horizon in those lands. In the case of moderately
eroded gray-brown soils, this does not seem to be so
obvious because the erosion process has led to
considerable changes in the genetic layer. When
compared with the erosion type of this soil, it is clear
that the topsoil of moderately erosive species is
2.35% of total nitrogen 0.193%, absorbed ammonia
42.27 mg / kg, ammonia 8,74 mg / kg water soluble,
nitrates 3.48 mg / kg, endocrine phosphorus 12.51
mg / kg, exchangeable potassium 117.66 mg / kg,
respectively 1.11-1.53; 0.060-0.159%; 10,75-4574;
5,76-8,58; 0.79-2.76; 10, 34-15,69 and 15,80-221,40
mg / kg. Table. Because of the high absorption ability
of these soils, the number of absorbed bases (Ca and
Mg) is relatively high. However, these indicators
were significantly lower in the erosion type. Thus,
the total amount of absorbed bases (Ca and Mg)
declined by 9.67-11.31 mg per square centimeter in
the upper layer of 15,40 mq.eq (100gr soil) in
moderately eroded soils compared to non-eroded
soils. The total moisture content during the profile
was 22.38-27.50% in erosioned soils and 16.64-
19.38% moderately erosion. In the soil fertility, the
importance of the structure and aggregate
composition of the soil in water resistance, resistance
to wind destructive forces is very high. It's Structural
and aggregate particles (especially larger than 1 mm)
that are not eroded in the soil have been quite good.
Here, large structural particles of more than 1 mm are
8.57-94.51%, and aggregate (waterproof) particles
are larger than 1 mm in the medium degree erosion
type compared to the brown brown soils 31.95-59 in
the upper layer, Varies between 39%. However, in
the moderately eroded compared to eroded gray-
brown soils, larger than 1 mm aggregate particles
have been reduced by 31,16% in the upper layer by
20,77-21,88%, smaller than 0,25 mm in the upper
layer 15.31%, and down 12.98 to 17.72%
respectively. It is clear from this that erosion has
sharply worsened the structure and aggregate
composition of the soil by reducing the adhesive
humus content. Soil washing occurs when surface
volumes are high, with poor surface dehydration, low
porosity. This situation is even more dangerous on
the slopes. It is clear from the large number of studies
that the erosion process has deteriorated the volume
mass and porosity of the degraded brown soils.In the
upper layer of the moderately eroded type compared
to non-erosional lands, the volume of mass increased
by 0.06 q / cm3, and the porosity decreased to 2,09
% in the upper layer and 2,04-2,27% on the lower
floors. The results of the research show that natural
and anthropogenic factors have been strongly
influenced by the erosion process in the degraded
brown soils. The erosion process in Shamakhi region
has deteriorated its fertility by destroying these
lands. So, these lands.

Prof. Dr. Z.H. Aliyev, Investigation of Influence of Erosion Process on Widespread Mountainous Cultivation Lands in the Slopes of Azerbaijan
International Invention of Scientific Journal, Volume 03, Issue 04, Page no: 268-272
Page | 271
IISJ
Number
№
Teams
Depth of
sm
Humus
%
Total
nitroge
n in%
Nitrogen forms mg / kg
Phosphorus
Calium
CaCO3
%-
Pn
Amazing
acne
Ammonia
soluble in
water
Nitrat
es
Percen
t of%
MOBILE
mg / kg
Percen
t of%
Purpose
mg / kg
no erosion
1
А1
0-12
5,15
0,412
123,19
20,64
7,94
0,27
27,93
3,15
399,00
no
7,0
А2
12-37
3,21
0,280
107,10
18,90
6,30
0,22
29,03
3,10
368,20
no
7,0
B
37-58
2.23
0,118
74,40
13,95
4,03
0,13
15,54
2,97
315,00
4,54
7,2
C
58-97
0,92
0,088
64,44
10,67
3,05
0,10
7,32
2,94
130,75
4,85
7,3
Medium degree of erosion
2
А2
0-9
3,07
0,219
70,92
11,90
4,46
0,17
15,42
2,20
281,34
5,39
7,5
B
9-32
2,31
0,131
61,36
10,32
3,54
0,15
13,34
2,25
208,40
7,61
7,7
BC
32-55
0,70
0,058
52,65
8,19
2,34
0,08
5,20
2,80
93,60
6,81
7,5

Prof.Dr. Z.H. Aliyev, Investigation of Influence of Erosion Process on Widespread Mountainous Cultivation Lands in
the Slopes of Azerbaijan
International Invention of Scientific Journal, Volume 03, Issue 04, Page no: 268-272
Page | 272
IISJ
It is recommended to use all erosion-free agro-
technical measures in their utilization. The best of
these measures and erosion, which is very cheap for
the farm cultivation of perennial legumes in the
exposed soils and making it suitable for sowing.
Herbaceous herbs are well developed in eroded soils,
enrich the soil with organic foliage, resulting in
dense vegetation, reducing erosion and significantly
improves soil fertility.
Results
1. In the Shamakhi region, south-east of the Greater
Caucasus, the erosion process covers a wide range of
areas and has drastically reduced crop yields.
2. As a result of anthropogenic factors in aggressive
mountain grasses and agrotechnical measures were
not carried out in time, the erosion process was
strengthened.
3. Because of the fact that the soil is used for a long
period of time, the agrochemical composition and
other properties of the soil have deteriorated
considerably.
4. To prevent erosion in the region, to prevent land
degradation, to restore fertility and to further clarify
the state of sowing, harvesting and harvesting, zonal
complex anti-erosion measures should be taken.
References
1) Alekperov KA - Land erosion and struggle with
it in Azerbaijan. What is EA? Baku, 1961, p. 219.
2) Aliev GA - Pochtov Bolshoi Kavkaz (in the
limits of Azerbaijan SSR) Part I.Baku, 1978
3) Aliyev B.H Shakuri.B.G.Ibrahimov AA-
Physiological and biochemical bases of
application of mineral fertilizers under the wheat
plant in the south-eastern part of the Greater
Caucasus. Baku, 2003. pp. 29-40
4) AliyevZ.H., Giyasi HA - On the dynamics of
change of foodstuff depending on soil erosion
rates in mountainous farmland of Azerbaijan.
Collection of Erosion and Irrigation EIA Works
Baku, 2011, p. 135-146
5) A.Budagov - Theoretical and geophysical
tectonics, South-East Caucasus Baku, 1973.
6) Sobolev SS - Elimination of erosionous
processes on the territory of the European Union
and the USSR in debt. The search of the USSR,
M., 1960, T.2, pp. 80-122.
7) M.Salayev - Pochvy Malogo Caucasus.Uzd-
voEN Azerb. USSR, Baku, 1966, p. 244-251.