Chapter

Putting research into practice in trades education

September 2019

DOI:10.4324/9780429449932-9

In book: English for Vocational Purposes (pp.162-181)

Authors:

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ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

How integrated are tropical timber markets?

October 1990

Panos Varangis

The tropical timber market is characterized by multiple species, multiple products, and regional patterns of trade and production. In such a market, finding a representative price is a difficult and perhaps an irrelevant task. So Varangis conducted tests to see whether prices from different species, products, and regions move together, at least in the long run. If they do, the use of a ... [Show full abstract] representative price may be appropriate. The analysis could also be seen as a test of whether the Asian and African/European markets are interdependent.

Article

Why Liquidity Matters to the Export Decision of the Firm

December 2009 · SSRN Electronic Journal

Rosanna C. Chan

Under financial constraints, exporting may have less to do with productivity and more to do with financial resources. The established relationship between exporting and productivity would differ when examined through the lens of the working capital needs of the firm. I approach the hypothesis that working capital matters in the firm's exporting decision in two ways: first, by articulating a ... [Show full abstract] dynamic working capital model of the firm that incorporates the firm's export decision. Secondly, by testing the hypothesis empirically using a unique firm level dataset from Bangladesh, where issues of financial constraints are particularly acute. The model shows that productivity determines export status of the firm as long as it is not under financial constraints. However, under financial constraints, export status is less dependent on productivity and more dependent on the availability of working capital. Empirical results support the model's prediction. The relationship between exporting time and the need for greater liquidity is also borne out empirically as shown by a positive and significant correlation between the amount of working capital and the distance of export destination. An important policy implication from the analysis is that short term liquidity is critical in allowing productive firms to export and that access to finance may prevent the benefits of trade liberalization within a country to be fully realized.

Article

Today's Weapons-Tomorrow's Requirements. Upgrading Existing Systems vs New System Development--A Cas...

May 1976

Charles J. Supko

Instead of developing totally new systems to meet future needs, the upgrading of existing systems has received increased emphasis as an alternate approach. Based upon an actual non-major Army air-to-ground rocket project history, this report addresses a number of management problems that confronted a project manager who was attempting to gain recognition of the potential of an upgraded version of ... [Show full abstract] his system as a viable alternative to a replacement air-to- ground rocket system which was being pursued in the development laboratories. Significant areas impacting on the acceptance of an upgraded system instead of a new system were defined as; user impression/perceptions of the existing system, system reputation, requirements determination, requirements documentation, advocacy of the project manager, and systems analysis methodology. The report proceeds with discussion of how the project manager addressed each area.

Article

The Export Price Index with the Effect of Variety and an Empirical Analysis

March 2009 · Economic Modelling

Kichun KANG

The standard international trade models predict that economic growth induces decreasing export prices. Korea has recorded sustainable economic and export growth, and its export prices have been deteriorating over the last decades. Unlike the standard assumption of one good per country, the new theoretical approach by Krugman [Krugman, P. (1980) ‘Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and ... [Show full abstract] Pattern of Trade’. American Economic Review 70, 950–959, Krugman, P. (1989) ‘Differences in income elasticities and trends in real exchange rates’. European Economic Review, 33, 1055–1085.], and Helpman and Krugman [Helpman, E. and Krugman, P. (1985), Market structure and foreign trade: increasing returns, imperfect competition, and international economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.] takes into account varieties of goods produced in each country. And many studies suggest that traditional estimates without variety effect have been rather under-stated. Therefore this paper develops a proper modeling for quantifying the impact of export variety on an exact export price index. Throughout the period (1984–2000), the conventional export price index without variety effect leads to under-state Korea's export price by 89.3%. This paper shows that the fall in Korean export prices has been offset by the effect of export variety. This paper emphasizes the effect of export variety on international trade.

Chapter

Macroeconomics of an Open Economy

June 2009

Kamran Dadkhah

Up to the 1960s the Keynesian model of macroeconomics pertained to a closed economy. That is, an economy that has no international trade or movement of capital. In modern times no country could be found to conform to such a description. The model was defended on the ground that it was a first approximation. It was argued that in the case of some countries such as the United States, the amount of ... [Show full abstract] international trade compared to the GDP was so small as to be negligible for the sake of analysis. For countries such as small European countries exports and imports were a substantial proportion of the GDP. Therefore, the approximation would be off the mark. But it was argued that if somehow the external balance was maintained, the internal macroeconomic issues could be analyzed separately from international problems.

Chapter

Intra-Industry Trade, Traditional Trade Theory and its Extensions

January 1989

The phenomenon of intra-industry trade was empirically observed and presented with some emphasis in studies carried out in the 1960s which dealt mainly with the effects of economic integration on specialisation in trade. This generally recognised1 origin of the study of intra-industry trade relates in particular to the effects of the Benelux founded in 19482 and the European Economic Community ... [Show full abstract] founded in 1958.3 These studies found that the increase in trade among the members of the integration scheme had taken place largely through specialisation in production and export of products of the same industries rather than of different industries. Such a finding of increased intra-industry specialisation was unexpected. The traditional trade theory predicted that it was specialisation of the inter-industry type that would follow trade liberalisation.4 This prediction was reflected also in empirical studies attempting to forecast the developments in trade that would result from the mutual tariff concessions intended by the countries of the proposed European Economic Community.5 These expectations were founded on the standard economic theory explaining specialisation in trade: the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. As is well known, this theory assumes industries characterised by production processes with constant returns to scale, producing perfectly homogeneous goods in perfectly competitive markets.

Article

Toward a Social History of French Romanticism: Authors, Readers, and the Book Trade in Paris, 1820-1...

December 1979 · Journal of Social History

J. S. Allen

Article

The impact of the international environment on Brazil: from 'miracle' to recession.

January 1985

Marta Bekerman

The Brazilian experience during the 1970s shows that even a large and relatively closed economy could not escape the impact of external shocks. Brazil suffered from adverse terms of trade, fluctuations in international lending, world inflation and recession, as well as from increased protectionism in industrial countries. Brazil was able to adapt better than other countries because of foreign ... [Show full abstract] finance availability as well as state intervention, unlike the Southern Cone Latin American countries. However, after 1974 with the large jump in international interest rates, debt service became the main reason for the negative balance in the current account; foreign loans also started to be scarce.-from Author

Chapter

Export facilitation organizations

January 1994

Alan E. Branch

Our study of export practice would not be complete without consideration of the increasing number of organizations that are available in international trade which may either be allied to international distribution arrangements or offer direct help to the exporter in the facilitation of international trade.

Chapter

The Import Trade

January 1962

Tapan Raychaudhuri

If in the economy of the Coromandel coast in the seventeenth century, the one outstanding feature was the expansion of the export trade and consequently of production, a corresponding increase in imports was one of the results of that development. The increase in imports, however, primarily meant an increasing flow of cash specie, because the commodity market for imports does not appear to have ... [Show full abstract] undergone any substantial expansion.

Article

Changes in US trade policies: the wealth effects on Japanese steel firms

February 1995 · Japan and the World Economy

This paper tests the claims of recent theoretical studies that foreign producers are able to capture the economic rents created by U.S. trade restrictions. We test directly whether Japanese steel producers experience wealth gains when U.S. trade policies are implemented. The results from both a portfolio and an individual firm analysis do not support the theoretical arguments that foreign firms ... [Show full abstract] capture a share of the economic rents. Instead, we find that the Japanese steel firms experienced wealth losses as a result of the imposition of the U.S. trade policies. We also find that the effect of the protection varies depending on the type of policy and the type of Japanese steel producer.

Article

Sharpening of tools of the trade

January 1988 · The Physics Teacher

Alpha E. Wilson

Putting research into practice in trades education

No full-text available

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Why Liquidity Matters to the Export Decision of the Firm

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The Export Price Index with the Effect of Variety and an Empirical Analysis

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Intra-Industry Trade, Traditional Trade Theory and its Extensions

Toward a Social History of French Romanticism: Authors, Readers, and the Book Trade in Paris, 1820-1...

The impact of the international environment on Brazil: from 'miracle' to recession.

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Changes in US trade policies: the wealth effects on Japanese steel firms

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