... User generated content "A Characterization of Political Communities on Reddit" (Soliman et al., 2019), "Constructing the Visual Online Political Self: An Analysis of Instagram Use by the Scottish Electorate" (Mahoney et al., 2016), "microblogging information diffusion activity during the 2011 Egyptian political uprisings" (Kling, 1987), "characterize users who adversarially interact with political figures on Twitter [--] in the two months leading up to the 2018 midterm elections" (Aal et al., 2014), and "Political Hashtags & the Lost Art of Democratic Discourse" (Le et al., 2017), (Kling, 1987;Starbird and Palen, 2012;Vigil-Hayes et al., 2017;Soliman et al., 2019;Gorkovenko and Taylor, 2019;Hua et al., 2020;Kou and Nardi, 2018;Mahoney et al., 2016;Borge-Holthoefer et al., 2015;Graells-Garrido et al., 2016;Brooker et al., 2015;Semaan et al., 2015b;Seering et al., 2019;Wang and Mark, 2017;Dosono et al., 2017;Matias et al., 2017;Zhang and Counts, 2016;Booten, 2016;Maruyama et al., 2014;Knoche et al., 2019;Dosono and Semaan, 2018;Morgan et al., 2013;Grevet et al., 2014;Zhang and Counts, 2015;Choudhury et al., 2014;Semaan et al., 2015a;Rho and Mazmanian, 2020;Salehi-Abari and Boutilier, 2015;Le et al., 2017;Nelimarkka et al., 2018;Semaan et al., 2014;Al-Ani et al., 2012;Park et al., 2011;Trevisan et al., 2019;Hemphill and Roback, 2014;Hemphill et al., 2013;Agarwal et al., 2020;Li et al., 2018) (Mahoney et al., 2016;Zubiaga et al., 2013;Maruyama et al., 2014;Kriplean et al., 2014;Pierson, 2015;Rho and Mazmanian, 2020;Le et al., 2017;Semaan et al., 2014) Continued on next page 37 , "[--] the outcome of a concerted effort to develop responsive and impactful direct democracy platforms. We offer a sociotechnical genealogy of the process, informed by theory of deliberative democracy" (Feltwell et al., 2019), and "Strong representative democracies rely on educated, informed, and active citizenry to provide oversight of the government. ...