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The Journal of NOAMI, 35(1-2): 77-91 (June & December 2018)
FISHERIES DIVERSITY AROUND NIJHUM DWIP ISLAND
OF BANGLADESH IN RELATION TO SOME ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETERS
M. Golam Mustafa1*, Md. Anwar Hossain2
Md. Sohel Parvez1 and Sultan Ahmed3
ABSTRACT
Nijhum Dwip Island drew a remarkable attraction in terms of its biodiversity
conservation. The present study was conducted to reveal the fisheries biodiversity status
of Nijhum Dwip Island. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H׳), Simpson Dominance
Index (D), Pielou Evenness Index (J׳) and Margalef’s (Richness) index (d) were studied
for fisheries biodiversity estimation. The average value of H', J׳ and (d) of all the three
stations were found 1.95, 0.64 and 4.45, respectively. About 42 fish species have been
identified and three fish species Batasio tengra, Noilla icha, Johnius argentatus were
found as common and present for most of the sampling time around the island. Among
the fish species included in the analysis, Liza sp. Johnius argentatus, Coilia dussumieri,
and Odontamblyopus rubicundus showed affinity to high salinity and Metapenaeous
monoceros showed direct relationship with temperature. The species Trypauchen vagina
and Peaneous monodon were also found directly related to pH. Other species did not
show any strong affinity with higher values of any environmental variables.
Environmental influence was more extensive during pre-monsoon season when salinity
fluctuation leads to an increase in diversity. The highest average species abundance was
recorded for Batasio tengra (28.31%) and the lowest average was recorded for the
Glossogobious guiris (1.04 %).
Keywords: Biodiversity Indices; Seasonal variation; CCA, Bangladesh Coast.
INTRODUCTION
The fisheries diversity, abundance and community structure in an aquatic ecosystem are
indicators of ecosystem wellbeing, and important for conservation and sustainable
management (Rumeaida et al., 2014). Island ecosystems are vulnerable to any little change in
environmental conditions because of their small size and isolation, and most island
ecosystems of the world have been impacted by anthropogenic activities (Palomares et al.,
2011). The diversity in natural populations depends on the environmental parameters
affecting the competing populations (Chowdhury et al., 2011; Hossain et al., 2012).
* Corresponding author: mustafa.nstu2013@gmail.com
1 Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814,
Bangladesh
2 Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University,
Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
3 Department of Environemnt (DoE), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,
Government of Bangladesh
78 Mustafa et al.
Generally, high diversity is related to high environmental stability, high degree of
environmental predictability and high productivity. The numbers of species present and their
abundance are two fundamental attributes of a community, and their diversity promotes the
stability of communities and ecosystem processes (Taylor et al., 2006). Usually the purpose
of measuring diversity is to judge its prevailing environmental considerations (Pielou, 1975).
Evaluation of existing natural resources and biodiversity information is essential for adopting
proper conservation strategies, future development and sustainable management of an
ecosystem (Hossain and Lin, 2001; Pino-Del-Carpio, et al 2014).
Nijum Dwip (literally “the island of silence”) is a small island near the Meghna river estuary
in the central coastal zone of Bangladesh under Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali District. Meghna
river estuary is the largest estuarine ecosystem of Bangladesh and support huge fisheries
biodiversity (Hossain et al., 2012; Shamsuzzaman et al., 2017). The Nijhum Dwip is
surrounded by assemblage of marine, brackish and fresh water ecosystem with estuarine
characteristics, and this unique combination has endowed the island with a highly productive
ecosystem for fisheries resources (Hossain et al., 2013). The island may be considered as one
of the ecologically important regions in the central coast of Bangladesh, and fisheries
biodiversity of the island is very much dynamic in both temporal and spatial scale. Fishermen
named the island as ‘Ichamoti Dwip’ (meaning island of prawn or mine of prawn) in the
1950s for high abundance of prawn available in the waters surrounding the island (Amin,
2001). The island was almost virgin before the commencement of mass anthropogenic
intervention but now-a-days overexploitation is a major threat for the sustainability of the
natural resources of the island (Hossain and Sarker, 2016). The key to maintain the
usefulness and ecosystem services of an island is to have an updated inventory and evaluation
of the natural resource status, analyze their suitability for sustainable utilization as well as to
increase community awareness (Hossain et al., 2007).
Several scientific investigations have been conducted on various aspects of fisheries
biodiversity, assemblage, catch composition, fishing crafts and gear, fishing community etc.
in different coastal islands of Bangladesh specifically, around the Sandwip island in the
Meghna river estuary (Shamsuzzaman et al., 2017), in the coastal waters of the Moheshkhali
island (Hossain and Islam, 2006, and Rahman and Islam, 1983), and in the Kutubdia island
(Salam and Arman, 2013). Aspects of fisheries biodiversity in different estuaries were also
studied by Hossain et al. (2012) and Siddique et al. (2013) in the Meghna river estuary, Nabi
et al. (2016) in the Karnafully river estuary, Nabi et al. (2011) in the Bakkhali river estuary,
and Chowdhury et al. (2011) in the Naaf river estuary. A thorough review on the overall
coastal, estuarine and marine biodiversity of Bangladesh was given by Quader (2010), and
Kamal and Khan (2009).
Hossain and Sarker (2016) studied the wildlife diversity of the Nijhum Dwip and socio-
economic conditions of its inhabitants. Climate change resilience assessment and the
livelihood assets of coastal fishing community of Nijhum Dwip was investigated by Hossain
et al. (2013). Latifa et al. (2015) worked on the fishes of Gobiidae family in the Nijhum Dwip
along with Hatiya; junction of Meghna river and Pasur river. But a comprehensive study on
fisheries biodiversity in relation with the environmental parameters was lacking. The present
study was carried out aiming to figure out the fisheries biodiversity status of Nijhum Dwip in
connection with the surrounding environmental parameters.
Fisheries Diversity Around Nijhum DWIP Island of Bangladesh in Relation 79
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area
Nijum Dwip is located between 22º1´ and 22º6´N latitude and 90º58´ and 91º3´E longitude
near the Meghna river estuary in the central coastal zone of Bangladesh in the north of the
Bay of Bengal under Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali District. The area features a tropical
maritime climate with average annual maximum and minimum temperatures of 30°C and
21.6°C, respectively (BMD, 2009). Three sampling stations (Fig. 1) were selected for sample
collection as Station 1: Dhamar Ghat, Station 2: Namar Bazar, Station 3: Uchar Bazar.
Mahmood et al. (1994) reported four distinct seasonal weather patterns in the coastal area of
Bangladesh, governed by the southwest and northeast monsoons, as dry winter from
December-February; transitional period from March-May (Pre-monsoon); monsoon from
June-September; and second transitional period between October-November (Post-monsoon).
The samplings were carried out covering all four seasons according to Mahmood et al.
(1994).
Fig. 1: The Study Area and Sampling Stations (modified from Google Earth).
Data collection
During sampling environmental data, such as water quality parameter were measured at each
sampling station. The study started with a field reconnaissance. Sample survey and direct
80 Mustafa et al.
field sampling of fish, fish market survey was done to generate primary data. Published
reports, papers and official reports were used as secondary data. Fisheries statistical data was
collected from Upazila fisheries offices. The fish samples were collected from each station by
using common gears. Then the fishes were taken into sorting and identification. Sorted
organisms were identified and enumerated under major taxa. For identification of fish works
of Hossain (1971), Jegadeesan and Ayyakkannu (1992), Belaluzzaman (1995), Siddiqui et al.
(2007) and Rahman et al. (2009) were followed, and then results were tabulated.
DATA ANALYSIS
Estimation of Fisheries Biodiversity
Fisheries biodiversity was estimated from the study of four biodiversity indices as Shannon-
Wiener Diversity Index (H׳), Simpson Dominance Index (D), Margalef’s (Richness) Index
(d), Pielou Evenness Index (J׳).
Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H׳): Shannon-Winner diversity (H׳) values were
calculated using the formula (Shannon, 1949; Shannon and Weaver, 1963):
H׳=C∑PiLn(Pi)
Where, H׳=sample diversity index, ∑= Sum of the values of (i=1,2,3,…s), S= No. of species
in the sample, Ln=natural Logarithm, C=Constant (It is customary to put C=1). When total
number of species “S” is known Basharin’s (1959) correction of biasness of H can be used
(Pielou, 1966) such as-H= H+(S-1)/N Where, H=Population diversity index, H=Sample
Diversity Index, N= Total number of individuals in all species in the sample.
Simpson Dominance Index (D): Simpson Dominance index (D) was calculated by using the
formula (Simpson, 1949; Baumgartner, 2002),
D=1-[∑n1(n1-1)/N(N-1)]
Where, D=Simpson Dominance Index, N=Total number of individuals of all species in the
community, n1=Number of individual of the ith species Evenness, Evenness ( Diversity on the
basis of Shampson-Wiener index) have been calculated by using Pielou’s evenness index
given below- J=H׳/Hmax Where, J=Evenness index, H׳=Shannon-Wiener diversity index of
population, H max=ln (S)when total number of species ‘’S’’ is known.
Margalef’s (Richness) Index (d): Margalef’s index (d) of diversity have been calculated by
using the formula (Margalef,1968), The Margalef’s index,
d=(S-1)/ln N
Where, d=Margalef Richness index, s= total number of species in the sample (community),
N= total number of individual.
Pielou Evenness Index (J׳): Pielou Evenness Index (J׳) was determined using the formula
(Pielou, 1975; Krebs, 1989);
J׳=H׳/ln S
Where J׳= Pielou Evenness Index, H׳=Shannnon-Wiener Diversity Index, S= total number of
species in the community.
Fisheries Diversity Around Nijhum DWIP Island of Bangladesh in Relation 81
Statistical Analysis: The relationship between different environmental parameters and Fish
Assemblage was done using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with PAST
software.
RESULTS
Number of Species
Taxa (S): In Dhamar Ghat, the taxa ranges between 29 (monsoon) to 39 (post-monsoon), and
the average year round number of taxa were found ~34, while in Namar Bazar this ranges
between 31 (post-monsoon) to 39 (monsoon), and the average taxa was found to be 35, and in
the Uchar Bazar 27 (pre-monsoon) to 38 (monsoon), to 33 (post monsoon) and the average
year round number of taxa were found to be 34. Primary fish sampling yielded species count
approximately half of the recent reported species count in the literature, and also around 37%
lower than species count from market survey. During the present investigation, around 42
types of fish and shrimp species were found in the study, which is far below than the 70
species reported in Department of Fisheries (DoF, 2014). From the market survey during the
present study, the total recorded species were 66 which were higher than the sampled species
number and slightly lower than fishes of Noakhali report (Table 1 and Fig. 2).
Table 1: Fish Taxa Status of the Study Area from Different Sources and Comparison
with Regional and Country Data
Report Level
No. of Species
Sources
Overall Bangladesh (Marine &
Estuarine species)
Fish, 475;
Shrimp/Prawn, 36
Mothshapokko, Department of
Fisheries (DoF) 2014.
Noakhali District
70
Department of Fisheries (DoF,
2014, Hatiya Upazila)
Nijhum Dwip, Noakhali District
66
Present Study (Market Survey in
Nijhum Dwip )
Present Study Site (Nijhum Dwip
island)
42
Present Study (Sampling in 3 sites
in Nijhum Dwip)
Fig. 2: Seasonal Comparison of Present Fish Taxa Status Among three Stations.
82 Mustafa et al.
Density
The total number of individuals during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon were
found 735, 605 and 4135, respectively in Dhamr Ghat. On the other hand in Namar Bazar,
individuals were found 2389, 1828 and 4275 during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-
monsoon, and that during pre -monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon was found 315, 1600
and 4210, respectively in Uchar Bazar. The average Individual index during all three seasons
were 18.25.66, 2830.66 and 2041.6, respectively, and during all three stations average was
found to be 2232.64 in Nijhum Dwip (Table 2).
Percent Composition
A total of 42 species were found during the study in the three stations of Nijhum Dwip. The
highest average species abundance was recorded for the species Batasio tengra (28.31%)
followed by Noilla icha (25.76%), Trypauchen vagina (10.06%), Scylla cerata (6.44%), and
other species were found abundant (7.2%) (Peaneous monodon, Liza parmata, Chelonodon
Patoka, Recondarus seliana, Xenentodon cancel etc.) in Dhamar ghat (Fig. 3). The highest
average species abundance was recorded for the species of Noilla icha 28.6% followed by
Johnius argentatus (23.05%.), Batasio tengra (15.24%), Trypauchen vagina (5.07%),
Amblypharyngodon mola (4.43%), Harpodon nehereus (1.57%), Glossogobious guiris
(1.73%). And other species were found abundant (7.3%) (Gudusia chapra, Scomberomorus
guttatus, Xenentodon cancila, coilia dussumieri, Recondarus seliana, Chelonodon patoka,
Johnius volgeri etc) in Namar Bazar (Fig. 3). The highest average species abundance was
observed for the species of Noilla icha 28.6% followed by Johnius argentatus (19.4%.)
Trypauchen vagina (11.05%), Liza parmata (3.54%), Peaneous monodon (3.08%), coilia
dussumieri (3.07%), and other species were found abundant (8.55% (Gudusia chapra,
Scomberomonus guttatus, Xenentodon cancila, coilia dussumieri, Recondarus seliana,
Chelonodon patoka, Recondarusselian, etc.) in Uchar Bazar (Fig. 3).
Comparison Among the Stations
In Dhamer Ghat the dominant species were Noilla icha, Batasio tengra, (tengra) and sub
dominant was Trypauchen vagina (Lal cheuwa) while in Namar Bazar the dominant species
were Noila and Johnius argentatus (Poa Mach) and subdominant was as same as Dhamar
Ghat. In case of Uchar Bazar Noilla icha was the most dominant species and Johnius
argentatus (Poa Mach) and Trypauchen vagina (Lal cheuwa) were not dominant as in
Dhamar Ghat and Namar Bazar. And other species were varied in abundance which was less
than 10%.
Fisheries Diversity Around Nijhum DWIP Island of Bangladesh in Relation 83
Fig. 3: Average Species Composition (%) in the Three Different Stations of Nijhum Dwip [(A)
Dhamar Ghat (B) Namar Bazar and (C) Uchar Bazar].
Biodiversity Indices
Different biodiversity indices like Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H׳), Simpson
Dominance Index (D), Margalef’s (Richness) Index (d), Pielou Evenness Index (J׳) were
measured to find out the fisheries biodiversity status (Table 2). Primary fish sampling data
were used to calculate the study area (point focus) fisheries diversity with seasonal variation.
Table 2: Estimated Fisheries Biodiversity Indices in Different Seasons in the Three
Different Stations of Nijhum Dwip
Dhamar Ghat
Namar Bazar
Uchar Bazar
Indices
Pr-M
M
Ps-M
Pr-M
M
Ps-M
Pr-M
M
Ps-M
Taxa (S)
35
29
39
35
39
31
27
38
33
Density
735
605
4137
2389
1828
4275
315
1600
4210
H׳
2.537
2.572
1.849
2.123
1.503
1.894
2.226
1.079
1.777
D
0.1203
0.1118
o.242
0.2065
0.4186
0.2487
0.1672
0.6527
0.2591
Simpson 1-D
0.8797
0.8882
0.8882
0.7935
0.5814
0.7513
0.8328
0.3473
0.7409
J׳
0.1791
0.4515
0.1629
0.2388
0.1153
0.2144
4.164
0.07739
0.1791
d
5.152
4.371
4.563
4.371
5.059
3.588
4.164
5.015
3.835
Note: Pr-M = Pre-Monsoon, M = Monsoon, Ps-M = Post-Monsoon.
84 Mustafa et al.
Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H)
For two stations, Namar Bazar and Uchar Bazar higher diversity was observed during pre -
monsoon (2.123 in Namar Bazaar and 2.226 in Uchar Bazar). On the other hand, only one
Station shows higher diversity during monsoon (2.572 in Dhamar Ghat), which was
comparatively lower than during the monsoon in Uchar Bazar. The average Shanon_ H' index
during all three seasons were 2.32, 1.84 and 1.69 in three respective stations, while the
average of three stations were found 1.95 in Nijhum Dwip (Table 2 and Fig. 4).
Fig. 4: Seasonal Comparison of Shannon-Wiener index (H׳) Status Among Stations.
Simpson Dominance Index (D)
For the fisheries diversity dominance index, plane Dominace (D) was calculated and then
Simpson 1-D was followed. The higher dominancy was observed during pre-monsoon in two
stations. On the other hand, higher dominancy in Namar Bazar was observed during
monsoon, while the lowest dominancy was recorded in Dhamar ghat during monsoon. The
average Simpson 1-D indexes were 2.32, 1.84 and 1.69 in three stations, respectively during
of all three seasons. The average 1-D was found 1.95 in Nijhum Dwip (Table 2 and Fig. 5).
Fig. 5: Seasonal Comparison of Simpson_1-D Status Among Three Stations.
Fisheries Diversity Around Nijhum DWIP Island of Bangladesh in Relation 85
Pielou Evenness Index (J׳)
In Dhamar Ghat, the highest evenness (0.451) during monsoon followed by pre-monsoon
(0.1791) and post-monsoon (0.1629). In Namar Bazar, the higher evenness (0.2388) value
was observed during pre-monsoon followed by post-monsoon (0.2144), value was observed
during monsoon (0.1153) and on the other hand Uchar Bazar station , the highest evenness
(4.164) during pre-monsoon followed by post-monsoon (0.1791) and monsoon (0.07773)
The average value of J׳ during all three seasons are 0.27, 0.18 and 1.43 and during the all
three stations average were found to be 0.64, respectively in Nijhum Dwip (Table 2 and Fig.
6).
Fig. 6: Seasonal Comparison of Pielou Evenness Index (J׳) Status Among Stations.
Margalef’s (Richness) Index (d)
The higher species richness was observed during pre-monsoon in Dhamar Ghat (5.152). On
the other hand, higher species richness were calculated during monsoon in Namar Bazar
(5.059) and Uchar Bazar (5.015). The average value of d for all three seasons are 4.69, 4.33
and 4.33, respectively, and all stations average were found 4.45 in Nijhum Dwip (Table 2 and
Fig. 7).
Fig. 7: Seasonal Comparison of Margalef’s (Richness) Index (d) Status Among Stations.
86 Mustafa et al.
Relationship Between the Fisheries Biodiversity and Environmental Parameters
The relationship of the fishes with different environmental parameters like salinity,
temperature and pH were analyzed. In the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA),
species those contributing more than 1% of total abundance are included. Only 17 species
contributed more than 1% of the total abundance. Eigen value of axis 1, axis 2, was 0.39 and
0.08, respectively. Axis 1 explains 82.67% and axis 2 explains 17.33% explains 3.84 of total
variability between species-environmental variable relationships. The vector length of a given
variable indicates the importance of that variable in CCA analysis.
Fig. 8: The CCA Ordination of Species Abundance, Environmental Parameters at
Different Seasons and Stations.
pH has the highest Eigen value (0.49) at axis 1 and hence results in a long vector.
Temperature in the second axis has negative Eigen value both at the axis 1, (-0.80) and axis
2, (-0.63). For salinity, negative Eigen values were found for both axes. Among the fish
species included in the analysis, Liza sp. Johnius argentatus, Coilia dus sumieri, and
Odontamblyopus rubicandus showed affinity to high salinity as they are plotted near the
vector of salinity in axis 2. The species Metapenaeous monoceros showed directly related to
temperature. The species Trypauchen vagina and Peaneous monodon were also found
directly related to pH. Other species did not show any strong affinity with higher values of
any environmental variables. (Fig. 8)
DISCUSSION
Fisheries Biodiversity
In the present study, a total of 42 species were found in the three stations of Nijhum Dwip.
This indicates a rich diversity of fisheries in the island. Hossain and Sarker (2016) recorded
139 wildlife species and reported that the island is enriched with fish and crabs also. The
highest average species abundance was recorded for the species Batasio tengra (28.31%) and
Fisheries Diversity Around Nijhum DWIP Island of Bangladesh in Relation 87
the lowest average species abundance was recorded for the species Glossogobious giuris
(1.04). Nabi et. al. (2011) reported Harpodon nehereus as the highest 34.6%, Sillago sp.
0.15% the lowest in Bakhali river estuary, Cox’s Bazar. Hilsha and Gobies (locally called
Cheuwa) were mentioned as dominant in Nijhum Dwip by Hossain and Sarker (2016) along
with the catches of bombay duck, mullet, ribbon fish, catfish, sharks shrimp and crab. The
number of fish taxa of a specific area differs both seasonally and spatially. As the survey was
conducted in a particular relatively small restricted area, it is likely that the number of fishes
may differ greatly from reported and market survey level. The individuals of the recorded
species during all three seasons were 1826, 2831 and 2042, and the average of three seasons
was found to be 2233. The average H' indices during all three seasons were 2.32, 1.84 and
1.69 in three respective stations while the average of three stations was found 1.95 in Nijhum
Dwip. Nabi et. al. (2011) recorded Shannon–Wiener diversity values (H') ranging from 0.95–
2.62 at Bakkhali River estuary indicating similarity of H' feature in the aquatic ecosystem of
Nijhum Dwip compare to Bakkhali River estuary.
The Simpson's dominance index measures biodiversity based on the probability that two
individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to the same species (or some
category other than species). The average Simpson 1-D indices during all three seasons were
2.32, 1.84 and 1.69, and in the three stations the average was found to be 1.95, respectively in
Nijhum Dwip. Pielou Evenness Indices (J׳) in all three seasons were 0.27, 0.18 and 1.43, and
three stations average was found to be 0.64 in Nijhum Dwip. Ramos et al. (2006) recorded J׳
to be ranged between 0.36 and 0.72 in Lima estuary, which indicates evenness feature is
better in the aquatic ecosystem of Nijhum Dwip compared to Lima estuary, Portugal. The
highest species richness was calculated during pre-monsoon in Dhamar ghat (5.152), while
the average Margalef’s (Richness) Indices (d) in all three seasons were 4.69, 4.33 and 4.33,
and three stations average were found to be 4.45 in Nijhum Dwip.
Odum (1969) indicated that both species evenness and species diversity behave inversely to
the index of dominance. He also showed the genera relationship between the number of
species (S) and the number of individuals per species (N/S). Most natural communities
contain a few species with large numbers of individuals (the common or dominant species)
and many species, each represent by a few individuals (the rare species). Rigorous physical
environment, pollution, or other stress will tend to influence on species and individuals. The
resulting rank-abundance curve provides with important information about a community.
Fisheries-Environment Relationship
During the present study, no significant seasonal variation was observed for temperature,
salinity, and pH. This is the most probably due to the small area of the island and continuous
tidal fluctuation around the sea. The study found that the temperature ranged between 22°C
and 34°C. A comparatively higher range of temperature was observed in the present
investigation. Water temperature peaks in monsoon (May-June) and the lowest in post-
monsoon (January-February). From the present study, it was found that there is a great
fluctuation of salinity. The highest salinity was found during both pre-monsoon (March-
April) and post-monsoon (January-February) and it was around 10 ppt while the lowest
salinity was observed at 1.60 ppt during monsoon. From the present study, it was found that
there is no great variation of pH. The average pH during pre-monsoon and monsoon is around
8 and it is around 5 during post-monsoon.
88 Mustafa et al.
The availability of food source, breeding sites, depth, topography, physico-chemical
properties of water and the environmental conditions of an area contribute to the diversity
and abundance of fish (Harris 1995; Rumeaida et al., 2014). Many interacting physico-
chemical and biological factors influence the occurrence, distribution, abundance and
diversity of fishes (Chowdhury et al., 2011). All the three environmental parameters studied
in this island were accounted for 63% of the species variation thus variation unexplained by
other biotic or abiotic factor was low. These three environmental variables explained species
abundance very well compared to other estuarine islands around the world. Water
transparency and salinity was significant in shaping assemblage structure and species
distribution in Meghna river estuary (Shamsuzzaman et al., 2017). Whereas Rakocinski et al.
(1996) reported eleven environmental variables in canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)
that explained only 21.9% of total species variation with water temperature; dissolved
oxygen and salinity significantly affect the species assemblage. Among the fish species, Liza
sp. Johnius argentatus, Coilia dussumieri, and Odontamblyopus rubicandus showed
affinity to high salinity. Nabi et al. (2011) reported Ascetes sp., Arius sp., Metapenaeus
brevicornes, and Machrobrachium ruddis showed affinity to high salinity. This may be
because of the geographical variation. The species Noilla icha showed directly related to
temperature. Nabi et al, (2011) reported that the species Upenesus sulphureus, Pampus
argenteus and Drepane punctata were directly related to temperature. The species
Trypauchen vagina and Peaneousmonodon were also found directly related to pH (Harris et
al., 2001). Other species did not show any strong affinity with higher values of any
environmental variables.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study reveals that the Nijhum Dwip Island is rich in fisheries biodiversity. There
are variabilities in abundance and diversity of fisheries in the different parts of the island.
About 42 fish species have been identified and three fish species Batasio tengra, Noilla icha,
and Johnius argentatus were found as common and present for most of the sampling time
near the Meghna river estuary. Environmental influence was more extensive during pre-
monsoon when salinity fluctuation leads to an increase in diversity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of People’s
Republic of Bangladesh (ref: 39.009.006.01.00.049.2013-2014/BS-86/518/1(4)), in the
Financial Year 2013 – 2014.
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