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Method to detect hazardous areas in rock mass from seismoacoustic observations

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During the work execution it was found that the majority of the recorded signals were the result of man-induced noise, thus the filtering criteria common to the entire acoustic emission monitoring system were proposed. The amplitude and duration of the acoustic emission signal were chosen as the filtering parameters, while their correspondence to physically valid distributions was selected as the criteria. In the current phase of the work, this turned out to be insufficient, and an assessment of the performance and noise level of individual channels was required. The results of such an assessment, carried out for different daily recording cycles, are demonstrated using the example of a daily file containing more than 3 million recordings. Selection of the frequency filter was shown to be one of the most important decisions in tuning the acoustic emission system. It is noted that when using the acoustic emission method it should be remembered that each control object has its own unique properties. Keywords: ACOUSTIC EMISSION, ACOUSTIC EMISSION MONITORING, ROCK MASS, ROCK FAILURE, RELATIONSHIP PLOT, MAN-INDUCED NOISE, FILTERING OF MAN-INDUCED NOISE
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The complexity of solving the problem of preventing natural and man-made disasters during intensive nature management is associated with the multifactorial nature of the conditions and causes of catastrophic events, significant variations in the properties and state of geospheres, and the lack of reliable criteria and precursors of dangerous dynamic phenomena. The modern scientific approach to solving this problem consists in modeling processes that allow to adequately describe the state of changing natural and technical systems with subsequent verification of the results of theoretical research by instrumental methods. An even greater effect is brought by the combined use of natural and theoretical methods, united by a common ideology and maximally adapted to the conditions of the problem being solved, providing continuous multivariate monitoring of geophysical fields and processes in the geospheres. In this regard, it seems very urgent to set up research work aimed at the development of scientific and methodological foundations and technical means for assessing and monitoring hazardous geomechanical processes to reduce the risk of man-made disasters during the development of mineral deposits.
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The article presents the results of geomechanical studies to assess the rock-bump hazard of the rock mass in the deposits (Kukisvumchorrskoe and Apatite Circus) of the Kola Peninsula using a special set of technical means, including the automated seismoacoustic system for monitoring rock pressure, “Prognoz-ADS”, and the local geoacoustic device “Prognoz-L”, developed at The Institute of Mining of the FEB RAS. Based on the measurement and analysis of parameters of seismoacoustic events reflecting geomechanical processes in the developed mountain range, we constructed maps of seismoacoustic activity and volumetric mining and geological models of mines. Using these tools, it becomes possible to assess the rock-bump hazard in these deposits and identify hotspots for emerging dangerous geodynamic events at an early stage, which allows us to take the necessary security measures to prevent them in advance.
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