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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AGAINST PATHOGENIC

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Rasha Abbas at Al Baha University
Rasha Abbas
Fatma Seleman Elsharbasy at National Research Centre
Fatma Seleman Elsharbasy
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The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract the highest concentration of extract is (100 mg/m l) and the lowest one is (12.5 mg/ml) against different four pathogenic organisms Bacillus cereus pseudomonad aeruginosa, typhimurium were carried out by using a disc diffusion technique. In aqueous leaf extract of Moringa the highest antibacterial activity was detected against Escherichia coli in all different concentration of Moringa and th the highest antibacterial activity was detected against pseudomonad aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and the lowest inhibition zone against Salmonella typhimurium). The an synthetic antibiotics, (Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin, were tested by the disc diffusion method, and by measuring zones of inhibition, shows that the highest activity of antibiotic ag antibiotic and the lowest activity was due to the action of Tetracycline, the highest inhibition zone among the bacteria by antibiotic against Salmonella typhimurium and the lower inhibiti against Bacillus cereus, all Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract of Moringa have high activity against Escherichia coli, .so that there was no different between antibiotic and Moringa leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in thi
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AGAINST PATHOGENIC
1,*
Rasha Khalid Abbas and
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science University of Bahri Sudan
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha,
2Depar
tment of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center,
2Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Humanity studies, Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University,
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract the highest
concentration of extract is (100 mg/m l) and the lowest one is (12.5 mg/ml) against different four
pathogenic organisms Bacillus cereus pseudomonad aeruginosa,
typhimurium were carried out by using a disc diffusion technique. In aqueous leaf extract of Moringa
the highest antibacterial activity was detected against Escherichia coli in all different concentration of
Moringa and th
the highest antibacterial activity was detected against pseudomonad aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
and the lowest inhibition zone against Salmonella typhimurium). The an
synthetic antibiotics, (Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin,
were tested by the disc diffusion method, and by measuring zones of inhibition, shows that the
highest activity of antibiotic ag
antibiotic and the lowest activity was due to the action of Tetracycline, the highest inhibition zone
among the bacteria by antibiotic against Salmonella typhimurium and the lower inhibiti
against Bacillus cereus, all Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract of Moringa have high activity against
Escherichia coli, .so that there was no different between antibiotic and Moringa leaf extract against
Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in thi
Copyright © 2019, Rasha Khalid Abbas and
Fatma S. Elsharbasy
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction
INTRODUCTION
Moringa oleifera is a woody tree mainly distributed in the
tropical and subtropical regions of Asia,
Africa and the Middle
East (Leone et al., 2005). Family
Moringaceae
used as a nutritional source such as essential amino acid,
vitamins D and A, Minerals such as potassium, calcium,
phosphorus, iron, and used as a medicinal plant
2015; Teixeira et al., 2014)
. It has traditionally been used in
the treatmen
t of malaria, parasitic diseases, skin diseases,
hypertension and diabetes, it exhibits pharmacological
*Corresponding author: Rasha Khalid Abbas
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science
University of Bahri Sudan.
Departmen
t of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University
of Albaha, 65931 Saudi Arabia.
ISSN: 0975-833X
Article History:
Received 18th October, 2018
Received in revised form
15th November, 2018
Accepted 20th December, 2018
Published online 30th January, 2019
Citation: Rasha Khalid Abbas and Fatma S. Elsharbasy
International Journal of Current Research, 11, (01),
27
Key Words:
Moringa oleifera, antibiotics, athogenic
Bacteria, disc diffusion method.
s
RESEARCH ARTICLE
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AGAINST PATHOGENIC
BACTERIA IN SUDAN
Rasha Khalid Abbas and
2Fatma S. Elsharbasy
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science University of Bahri Sudan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha,
65931 Saudi Arabia
tment of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center,
Dokki 12622, Egypt
Faculty of Science and Humanity studies, Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University,
Alkharj City 11942, Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract the highest
concentration of extract is (100 mg/m l) and the lowest one is (12.5 mg/ml) against different four
pathogenic organisms Bacillus cereus pseudomonad aeruginosa,
typhimurium were carried out by using a disc diffusion technique. In aqueous leaf extract of Moringa
the highest antibacterial activity was detected against Escherichia coli in all different concentration of
Moringa and the lowest inhibition zone against pseudomonad aeruginosa), In alcoholic leaf extract
the highest antibacterial activity was detected against pseudomonad aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
and the lowest inhibition zone against Salmonella typhimurium). The an
synthetic antibiotics, (Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin,
were tested by the disc diffusion method, and by measuring zones of inhibition, shows that the
highest activity of antibiotic against bacteria was due to the action of ciprofloxacin,. among all
antibiotic and the lowest activity was due to the action of Tetracycline, the highest inhibition zone
among the bacteria by antibiotic against Salmonella typhimurium and the lower inhibiti
against Bacillus cereus, all Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract of Moringa have high activity against
Escherichia coli, .so that there was no different between antibiotic and Moringa leaf extract against
Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in thi
s study.
Fatma S. Elsharbasy
, This is an open access article distributed under the
reproduction
in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Moringa oleifera is a woody tree mainly distributed in the
Africa and the Middle
Moringaceae
(Olson, 2010).
used as a nutritional source such as essential amino acid,
vitamins D and A, Minerals such as potassium, calcium,
phosphorus, iron, and used as a medicinal plant
(Leone et al.,
. It has traditionally been used in
t of malaria, parasitic diseases, skin diseases,
hypertension and diabetes, it exhibits pharmacological
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science
t of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University
properties such as antioxidant, anti
anti-hyperglycemic and anti-
hyperlipidemic properties
et al., 2015; AbdullRazis et al
., 2014; Anwar
aqueous, and alcohol extracts of Moringa oleifera exhibited
various biological activities including antioxidant, tissue
protective, and analgesic properties
2015)
. Many studies have suggested that d
extracts from different tissues of Moringa oleifera show
antibacterial activities against both Gram
positive bacteria. Using the zone of inhibition test, Bacillus
cereus has been implicated in food
Esche
richia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa cause diseases like mastitis, abortions and upper
respiratory complications
streptococcus
bacteria commonly found in the intestines of birds
1995; Granum a
nd Lund, 1997
Moringa oleifera has been described in multiple studies.
International Journal of Current Research
Vol. 11, Issue, 01, pp.27-30, January, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.33664.01.2019
Fatma S. Elsharbasy, 2019.
“
Antibacterial activity of moringa oleifera against pathogenic bacteria in Sudan
27
-30.
Available online at http://www.journalcra.com
z
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AGAINST PATHOGENIC
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science University of Bahri Sudan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha,
tment of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center,
Faculty of Science and Humanity studies, Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University,
The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract the highest
concentration of extract is (100 mg/m l) and the lowest one is (12.5 mg/ml) against different four
pathogenic organisms Bacillus cereus pseudomonad aeruginosa,
Escherichia coli and Salmonella
typhimurium were carried out by using a disc diffusion technique. In aqueous leaf extract of Moringa
the highest antibacterial activity was detected against Escherichia coli in all different concentration of
e lowest inhibition zone against pseudomonad aeruginosa), In alcoholic leaf extract
the highest antibacterial activity was detected against pseudomonad aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
and the lowest inhibition zone against Salmonella typhimurium). The an
tibacterial activity of the
synthetic antibiotics, (Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin,
were tested by the disc diffusion method, and by measuring zones of inhibition, shows that the
ainst bacteria was due to the action of ciprofloxacin,. among all
antibiotic and the lowest activity was due to the action of Tetracycline, the highest inhibition zone
among the bacteria by antibiotic against Salmonella typhimurium and the lower inhibiti
on zone
against Bacillus cereus, all Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract of Moringa have high activity against
Escherichia coli, .so that there was no different between antibiotic and Moringa leaf extract against
Creative Commons Attribution License,
cited.
properties such as antioxidant, anti
-inflammatory, anti-cancer,
hyperlipidemic properties
(Leone
., 2014; Anwar
et al., 2007), the
aqueous, and alcohol extracts of Moringa oleifera exhibited
various biological activities including antioxidant, tissue
protective, and analgesic properties
(Stohs and Hartman,
. Many studies have suggested that d
ifferent crude
extracts from different tissues of Moringa oleifera show
antibacterial activities against both Gram
-negative and Gram-
positive bacteria. Using the zone of inhibition test, Bacillus
cereus has been implicated in food
-borne intoxication.
richia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa cause diseases like mastitis, abortions and upper
streptococcus
faecalis is a pathogenic
bacteria commonly found in the intestines of birds
(Pal et al.,
nd Lund, 1997
). Antifungal activity of
Moringa oleifera has been described in multiple studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF CURRENT RESEARCH
Antibacterial activity of moringa oleifera against pathogenic bacteria in Sudan
”,
showed the antifungal effect of Moringa oleifera against the
human pathogenic fungi Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton
mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum
canis. both the seed extracts and essential oils exhibited
antifungal activity on the four different fungi with different
MIC while the leaf extract and the sub-fractions had little
effect on these dermatophytes. Moringa oleifera can be used to
treat fungal infections of skin (Chuang et al., 2007). Moringa
oleifera show antiviral activities in several different studies
(Murakami et al., 1998) reported that Epstein-Barr virus
(EBV) activation in Raji cells could be inhibited by niaziminin,
a thiocarbamate identified from the leaves of Moringa oleifera
Anti parasitic Activity of Moringa oleifera Leishmania is a
genus of trypanosomes that are responsible for Leishmaniasis
disease (Ansari et al., 2016; Kaur et al., 2014). showed that
70% ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera roots exhibit
antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of 83 μg/ml and the
methanolic extract of leaves showed antileishmanial activity
with IC50 values of 47.5 μg/ml. Niazinin, which was isolated
from the methanolic extract of leaves, showed the most
antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of 5.25 μM (Singh et
al., 2015). Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess
the antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material: The experimental part of this research was
carried out using Moringa oleifera purchase in herbiest in the
super market and identified in the department of plant Botany
Faculty of Agriculture, Khartoum University. The Moringa
oleifera leaf extract was then prepared by grounding 50 g of
leaves using mortar and pestle, and the yield was successively
soaked in distilled water for aqueous extract, for alcoholic
extract soaked in 80 % ethanol for about 72 hours, with daily
filtration and evaporation. Solvents were evaporated under
reduced pressure to dryness using rotary evaporator apparatus.
Filtration and extraction were carried out in the Center of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Khartoum (Sudan). Extracts
were exposed to air till complete dryness.
Microorganism: All the microorganisms used in this work
were obtained from the National Centre for Research,
Khartoum Sudan Laboratory. Bacterial identification was
carried out by conventional biochemical methods according to
the standard microbiological techniques these microbes were
Bacillus cereus pseudomonad aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and
Salmonella typhimurium.
Microbial Sensitivity Test: The antimicrobial sensitivity
testing was conducted by the agar disc diffusion method. The
sensitivity medium (Muller-Hinton agar) was prepared by
adding 3.8g of Muller Hinton agar powder to 100 ml distilled
water and autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes at 15 lbs., and
poured in sterile Petri plates up to a uniform thickness of
approximately 4 mm and the agar was allowed to set at
ambient temperature before use. The bacterial isolates were
suspended in peptone broth and incubated at 37° C for 3-
4hours before used as inocula. The turbidity of the broth
culture was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland units.
This gives a suspension containing approximately 1-2 x 106
colony forming units (CFU)/ml. A sterile cotton swab was
inserted into the bacterial suspension, rotated, and then
compressed against the wall of the test tube to express any
excess fluid. The swab was then streaked on the surface of the
Muller-Hinton agar plate. To ensure a uniform, confluent
growth, the swab was streaked three times over the entire plate
surface. To test antibacterial activity of Moringa leaf extract, it
was first dissolved in a methanol solvent, and then varying
concentrations of the extracts (100µg, 50µg, 25µg, 12.5µg, and
6.25µg) were soaked on autoclaved discs of Whatmann filter
paper. These filter paper discs were placed on a streaked
Muller-Hinton agar plate surface. The plates were incubated
overnight at 37° C for 18-24hours. The antimicrobial activity
was detected by measuring zones of inhibition.
Microbial Sensitivity Test of the antibiotics: To test
antibacterial activity of the synthetic antibiotics, standardized
discs of Ciprofloxacin (5μg), Gentamycin (10 μg), Ceftriaxone
(30μg), Chloramphenicol (10μg), Tetracycline (25μg), were
tested by agar disc diffusion method by placing on a streaked
Hinton agar plate surface. The antimicrobial activity was also
detected by measuring zones of inhibition.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1. show that the antibacterial activity of Moringa
oleifera Aqueous leaf extract against different four pathogenic
organisms Bacillus cereus pseudomonad aeruginosa,
Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, (the highest
concentration of the aqueous leaf extract is (100 mg/m l) and
the lowest one is (12.5 mg/ml), the highest antibacterial
activity was detected against Escherichia coli in all different
concentration of Moringa and the lowest inhibition zone
pseudomonad aeruginosa,), these results conformity with those
Table 1. Inhibition zoon (in mm) for different concentrations of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract
Concentration of the
leaf water Extract from the
Moringa
oleifera)
)
μg/disc Microorganism
12.5
25 50 100
10
11 14 15 Salmonella typhimurium
0
0 0 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
13
14 15 15 Escherichia coli
0
10 10 15 Bacillus Cereus
Table 2. Inhibition zoon (in mm) for different concentrations of Moringa oleifera Alcoholic leaf extract
Concentration of the
leaf alcoholic extract from the
Moringa
oleifera) μg/dis Microorganism
12.5 25 50 100
-
-
10 10 Salmonella typhimurium
10 12 14 16 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
10 13 14 15 Escherichia coli
10 10 14 15 Bacillus Cereus
28 Rasha Khalid Abbas and Fatma S. Elsharbasy,
Antibacterial activity of moringa oleifera against pathogenic bacteria in Sudan
obtained in previous studies (Pal et al., 1995; Sato et al., 2004;
Cushine and Lamb, 2005). Table 2. show that the antibacterial
activity of Moringa oleifera alcoholic leaf extract against
different four pathogenic organisms Salmonella typhimurium,
pseudomonad aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus,
(the highest concentration of the alcoholic leaf extract is (100
mg/ml) and the lowest one is (12.5 mg/ml), the highest
antibacterial activity was detected against pseudomonad
aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and the lowest inhibition zone
Salmonella typhimurium,) these results conformity with those
obtained in previous studies the antimicrobial activities. of
Moringa oleifera leaf extracts against four Gram-positive
bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus
aureus and Sarcinalutea) and two Gram-negative bacteria
(Escherichia coli and Acid fast Mycobacterium phlei), the
results revealed that the average zone of four Gram-positive
bacteria and two Gram-negative bacteria was inhibited by the
ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves. Using modified
disk diffusion to screen antibacterial activity the aqueous and
ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves showed effective
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio
parahaemolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis and Aeromonas
caviae, (Peixoto et al., 2011; Dzotam et al., 2016). Table 3.
exhibits the zones of inhibition (in mm) for the different
synthetic antibiotic shows that the highest activity of
antibiotic against bacteria was due to the action of
ciprofloxacin,. among all antibiotic and the lowest activity
was due to the action of Tetracycline, the highest inhibition
zone among the bacteria by antibiotic against Salmonella
typhimuriumand the lower inhibition zone against Bacillus
cereus, there was no different between antibiotic and Moringa
leaf extract in this study.
Conclusion
This work comes to conclude that the Aqueous and alcoholic
leaf extract of Moringa oleifera had potent antibacterial
activity against pathogen bacteria, and have no high different
between it and synthetic antibiotic in the activity against
microorganism, and I recommended to isolate and separate the
bioactive compound responsible for antibacterial activity.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to express their deepest thanks to the
laboratories of Chemistry and Microbial products “National
Centre for Research, Khartoum Sudan” for their help in
analyzing the samples.
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Tetracycline (25μg) and Ceftriaxone (30μg)
Antibiotics concentration in (μg/disc)m
Acterial test strains (No. tested)
Ceftriaxone Tetracycline Chloramphenicol Gentamycin Ciprofloxacin
14
11 20 17 27 Salmonella typhimurium
16
14 14 10 28 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
11
10 15 13 16.9 Escherichia
coli
6
13 10 I5 23 Bacillus cereus
29 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 11, Issue, 01, pp.27-30, January, 2019
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*******
30 Rasha Khalid Abbas and Fatma S. Elsharbasy,
Antibacterial activity of moringa oleifera against pathogenic bacteria in Sudan
... Three explanations may be offered for these results, as follows: (1) It is possible that, during the synthesis of Bio-TeNPs, the active ingredients were enriched on the nanoparticles, resulting in higher concentrations on the Bio-TeNPs. M. oleifera extract has been reported to exhibit antibacterial ability against S. typhimurium [35]. However, no antibacterial effect against S. typhimurium was observed in our study. ...
Synthesis of Tellurium Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera Extract, and Their Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects against Bacterial Pathogens
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Today, pathogenic microorganisms are increasingly developing resistance to conventional drugs, necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies. In addressing this challenge, nano-based antibacterial agents offer a promising avenue of research. In the present study, we used an extract of Moringa oleifera, a widely recognized edible and medicinal plant, to synthesize biogenetic tellurium nanoparticles (Bio-TeNPs). Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering analyses revealed that the obtained Bio-TeNPs had diameters between 20 and 50 nm, and zeta potential values of 23.7 ± 3.3 mV. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Bio-TeNPs consisted primarily of Te(0), along with some organic constituents. Remarkably, these Bio-TeNPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity against a spectrum of pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae. In addition, findings from growth curve experiments, live/dead cell staining, and scanning electron microscopy observations of cell morphology demonstrated that Bio-TeNPs at a concentration of 0.07 mg/mL effectively disrupted E. coli and K. pneumoniae cells, leading to cell rupture or shrinkage. The biofilm inhibition rates of 0.7 mg/mL Bio-TeNPs against E. coli and K. pneumoniae reached 92% and 90%, respectively. In addition, 7 mg/mL Bio-TeNPs effectively eradicated E. coli from the surfaces of glass slides, with a 100% clearance rate. These outcomes underscore the exceptional antibacterial efficacy of Bio-TeNPs and highlight their potential as promising nanomaterials for combating bacterial infections.
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Antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activities of three food plants (Xanthosoma mafaffa Lam., Moringa oleifera (L.) Schott and Passiflora edulis Sims) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria
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Background The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the methanol extract of three edible plants, namely Xanthosoma mafaffa, Moringa oleifera and Passiflora edulis and their synergistic effects with some commonly used antibiotics against MDR Gram-negative bacteria expressing active efflux pumps. Methods Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extracts, as well as those of antibiotics in association with the extracts. Results The phytochemical test indicate that all tested crude extracts contained polyphenols, triterpenes and steroids whilst other phytochemical classes were selectively distributed. Extracts showed antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128-1024 μg/mL on the majority of the 19 tested Gram-negative bacterial strains. Extract from the pericarp of P. edulis inhibited the growth of 89.5 % of the 19 tested bacterial strains, the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 128 μg/mL being recorded against Escherichia coli AG100 strain. In the presence of Phenylalanine-Arginine β-Naphtylamide (PAβN)], an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), the activity of the extract from X. mafaffa increased on 40 % of tested strains. In combination with antibiotics, extracts of X. mafaffa, M. oleifera and pericarp of P. edulis showed synergistic effects with some antibiotics against more than 75 % of the tested bacteria. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that the tested plants may be used in the treatment of bacterial infections including the multi-resistant bacteria.
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Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera Lam., leaf extract, against selected bacterial and fungal strains
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  • Jan 2011
  • IJPBS
Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a very useful tree in tropical countries. In folklore, and ayurvedic all parts of the tree used in different healing procedures for different diseases. This plant leaves are very good nutrient supplement for mall nutrition and also used as an antibiotic. Chloroform extract of plant leaves shows antibiotic property against wide range of pathogens like Escherichia coli (MTCC 443) (ZOI=08.8±1.0mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424) (ZOI=9.5±0.5mm), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC3160) (ZOI=6.2±0.7mm) Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 442) (ZOI=7.0±0.5mm). Aspergillus niger (MTCC 1781) (ZOI=7.3±0.5mm), Candida albicans (MTCC 181) (ZOI=6.2±0.5mm) along with positive controls. So this plant extracts having good healing properties without side effects when compared with synthetic antibiotics.
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Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera stem bark
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2013
Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride extracts of Moringa oleifera stem bark were studied for their antimicrobial activities against eleven human pathogenic bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae) and four human pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. ustus and Candida albicans) using disc diffusion and poisoned food method, respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (21 mm in diameter with 2000 g/disc extract) against S. sonnei. The highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (52. 00% with 100 g extract/ml medium) was recorded against C. albicans with ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest MIC (750 g/ml) against B. megaterium, S. dysenteriae, V. cholerae and E. coli. For fungi, the lowest MIC was 500 g/ml against C. albicans with crude extract of ethyl acetate.
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Bioactivity guided fractionation of Moringa oleifera Lam. Flower targeting Leishmania donovani
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2015
Leishmaniases is a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania. At least 20 species of Leishmania are known to infect humans transmitted by female sandflies, Phlebotomus spp. Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis, considered most lethal among the common three forms of leishmaniasis. Lack of appropriate vaccines, emergence of drug resistance and side effects of currently used drugs stress the need for better alternative drugs, particularly from natural sources. Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the efficacy of different parts of Moringa oleifera Lam. against Leishmania donovani promastigotes. The flower extract of M. oliefera (MoF) was found to be the most potent antileishmanial agent when compared to other parts of the plant like leaf, root, bark and stem. It imparted significant reduction in parasite number in infected macrophages. The bioactivity guided fractionation of MoF showed ethyl acetate fraction (MoE) as the most active and gave significant parasite reduction in the infected macrophages. Further, growth kinetics studies revealed loss of L. donovani promastigotes viability in the presence of MoE in both time and dose dependent manner. In vivo experiment in Balb/c mouse model of leishmaniasis supported the in vitro findings with a remarkable reduction of the parasite burden in both liver and spleen. © 2015, National Institute of Science Communication. All rights reserved.
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Nutritional Characterization and Phenolic Profiling of Moringa oleifera Leaves Grown in Chad, Sahrawi Refugee Camps, and Haiti
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Moringa oleifera is a plant that grows in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Its leaves are rich of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, several differences are reported in the literature. In this article we performed a nutritional characterization and a phenolic profiling of M. oleifera leaves grown in Chad, Sahrawi refugee camps, and Haiti. In addition, we investigated the presence of salicylic and ferulic acids, two phenolic acids with pharmacological activity, whose presence in M. oleifera leaves has been scarcely investigated so far. Several differences were observed among the samples. Nevertheless, the leaves were rich in protein, minerals, and β-carotene. Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were the main phenolic compounds identified in the methanolic extracts. Finally, salicylic and ferulic acids were found in a concentration range of 0.14-0.33 and 6.61-9.69 mg/100 g, respectively. In conclusion, we observed some differences in terms of nutrients and phenolic compounds in M. oleifera leaves grown in different countries. Nevertheless, these leaves are a good and economical source of nutrients for tropical and sub-tropical countries. Furthermore, M. oleifera leaves are a source of flavonoids and phenolic acids, among which salicylic and ferulic acids, and therefore they could be used as nutraceutical and functional ingredients.
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Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An Overview
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Moringa oleifera is an interesting plant for its use in bioactive compounds. In this manuscript, we review studies concerning the cultivation and production of moringa along with genetic diversity among different accessions and populations. Different methods of propagation, establishment and cultivation are discussed. Moringa oleifera shows diversity in many characters and extensive morphological variability, which may provide a resource for its improvement. Great genetic variability is present in the natural and cultivated accessions, but no collection of cultivated and wild accessions currently exists. A germplasm bank encompassing the genetic variability present in Moringa is needed to perform breeding programmes and develop elite varieties adapted to local conditions. Alimentary and medicinal uses of moringa are reviewed, alongside the production of biodiesel. Finally, being that the leaves are the most used part of the plant, their contents in terms of bioactive compounds and their pharmacological properties are discussed. Many studies conducted on cell lines and animals seem concordant in their support for these properties. However, there are still too few studies on humans to recommend Moringa leaves as medication in the prevention or treatment of diseases. Therefore, further studies on humans are recommended.
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Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera
Article
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  • Mar 2015
  • PHYTOTHER RES
Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds, bark, roots, sap, and flowers are widely used in traditional medicine, and the leaves and immature seed pods are used as food products in human nutrition. Leaf extracts exhibit the greatest antioxidant activity, and various safety studies in animals involving aqueous leaf extracts indicate a high degree of safety. No adverse effects were reported in association with human studies. Five human studies using powdered whole leaf preparations of M. oleifera have been published, which have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) and anti-dyslipidemic activities. These activities have been confirmed using extracts as well as leaf powders in animal studies. A rapidly growing number of published studies have shown that aqueous, hydroalcohol, or alcohol extracts of M. oleifera leaves possess a wide range of additional biological activities including antioxidant, tissue protective (liver, kidneys, heart, testes, and lungs), analgesic, antiulcer, antihypertensive, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory actions. A wide variety of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as flavonoids, glucosinolates, and possibly alkaloids is believed to be responsible for the observed effects. Standardization of products is an issue. However, the results of published studies to date involving M. oleifera are very promising. Additional human studies using standardized extracts are highly desirable. © 2015 The Authors Phytotherapy Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2015 The Authors Phytotherapy Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Health Benefits of Moringa oleifera
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2014
  • ASIAN PAC J CANCER P
Phytomedicines are believed to have benefits over conventional drugs and are regaining interest in current research. Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose herbal plant used as human food and an alternative for medicinal purposes worldwide. It has been identified by researchers as a plant with numerous health benefits including nutritional and medicinal advantages. Moringa oleifera contains essential amino acids, carotenoids in leaves, and components with nutraceutical properties, supporting the idea of using this plant as a nutritional supplement or constituent in food preparation. Some nutritional evaluation has been carried out in leaves and stem. An important factor that accounts for the medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera is its very wide range of vital antioxidants, antibiotics and nutrients including vitamins and minerals. Almost all parts from Moringa can be used as a source for nutrition with other useful values. This mini-review elaborate on details its health benefits.
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Establishment of correlation between in-silico and in-vitro test analysis against Leishmania HGPRT to inhibitors
Article
  • Nov 2015
  • INT J BIOL MACROMOL
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) is a central enzyme in the purine recycling pathway of all protozoan parasites. Protozoan parasites cannot synthesize purine bases (DNA/RNA) which is essential for survival as lack of de-novo pathway. Thus its good target for drug design and discovery as inhibition leads to cessation of replication. PRTase (transferase enzyme) has common PRTase type I folding pattern domain for its activities. Genomic studies revealed the sequence pattern and identified highly conserved residues catalyzed the reaction in protozoan parasites. A recombinant protein has 24 kDa molecular mass (rLdHGPRT) was cloned, expressed and purified for testing of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) analogous compounds invitro by spectroscopically to the rLdHGPRT, Lysates protein and MTT assay on Leishmania donovani. The predicted inhibitors of different libraries were screen into FlexX. The reported inhibitors were tested invitro. The 2'deoxyguanosine 5' diphosphate (DGD) (IC50 value 12.5μM) is two times more effective when compared to guanosine-5' diphosphate sodium(GD). Interestingly, LdHGPRT complex has showed stable after 24ns in molecular dynamics simulation with interacting amino acids are Glu125, Ile127, Lys87 and Val186. QSAR studies revealed the correlation between predicted and experimental values has shown R(2) 0.998. Concludes that inversely proportional to their docked score with activities.
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Antileishmanial compounds from Moringa oleifera Lam
Article
  • Mar 2014
The antileishmanial activity of extracts and phytoconstituents of Moringa oleifera Lam. was investigated in vitro against promastigotes of Leishmania donavani. The 70% ethanolic extract of roots and the methanolic extract of leaves showed moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 83.0 microg/ml and 47.5 microg/ml, respectively. Antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of leaves increased upon fractionation, as its ethyl acetate fraction was found to be more active with an IC50 value of 27.5 microg/ml. The most active antileishmanial compound niazinin, a thiocarbamate glycoside isolated from this fraction, showed an IC50 value of 5.25 microM. Results presented in this study indicate that extracts from M. oleifera may be developed as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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