Design and Simulation of Self-Running Magnetic Motor

Full text

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Design and Simulation of Self-Running
Magnetic Motor
Abdul Halim Ali 1 & Ahmad Najmuddin Che Ismail 2
1Section of Telecommunication Technology
2Section of Electrical Engineering
Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute
Corresponding email: ahalim@unikl.edu.my
Abstract: The use of magnetic motor to generate electricity ever since in the 18 century. In most cases,
external resources such as hydro and wind are needed to power the magnetic motor before an induce
electricity can be produced. In this study, a magnetic motor is designed to self-rotate it’s rotor by naturally
repulsion and the attraction of magnetic field by arranging the magnets into Halbach array. The self-rotation
magnetic motor sometime it is known as a machine that produce “Free Electric Energy”. Based from the
results the rotor is rotating at the constant speed that produced the torque that lead to the development of
mechanical power
Keywords: Halbach Array, Perpetual Motion, Free Energy, Electrical Energy
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The term “free energy” is not maybe a gas station
giving away gas however this is not the case for Nikola
Tesla where he was the first one to identify “radiant
energy” where energy harvesting the Sun. Nikola Tesla is
the key researcher in free energy theories and invented
most of the free energy devices. Tesla introduced two free
energy theories. The earlier is known as Crooke’s
radiometer and later as “cosmic-ray motor” which he
claimed to be “thousands of times more powerful” as
compare to Crooke’s radiometer. Tesla’s free energy
concept was patented in 1901 as an “Apparatus for the
Utilization of Radiant Energy.” In 1932, Tesla claimed has
successful harnessed the cosmic rays. The radiant energy
receiver stored static electricity obtained from the air and
converted it to a usable form [1,2]. However, Tesla’s free
energy are not from the magnetic motor generator that
produce the electricity.
In this study, a free energy is created from permanent
magnet motor without utilizes resources from outside such
as burning fossil fuels namely coal, petroleum and natural
gas [3] to induced voltage. The free energy comes from the
naturally repulsion and the attraction of magnetic field that
creates the motion of electric motors. This self-running
electric motors is attached to a turbine motor shaft which
resulting an induced voltage. The term, "Free Energy"
is widely used and often abused in the industry.
Many believe no such thing of free energy, or whatsoever
machine capable to generate energy out of nothing. In
others word, there are no such things of “perpetual motion
machine” that can do work continues indefinitely without
utilizing external energy.
2.0 PERPETUAL MOTION DEVICES
1. History of Perpetual Motion Devices
Perpetual motion devices were claimed and existed
since pre-1800s year which in mid-age Renaissance. Not
only that, Wilkins was the first inventor of the inventions
using a magnet. The device is not successfully working
because magnet pull a ball upward the slope and towards
the hole, the top finally fell to cycle back to the originator
[4].
2. Muammer Yildiz Motor
Muammer Yildiz has developed a permanent magnet
motor in power who do not use external source of power
such as batteries, radioactive or other[5] as shown in Figure
1. This device has the axis of the drive shaft 5 rotating
supported so that it rotates in the stator, which is
surrounded by the stator outside the rotor firmly connected
to the drive shaft. Outside the stator has a magnetic dipole
placed on the surface of a circular cylinder, while the
external magnetic evenly spaced around the cylindrical
surface around it. This invention is a device to generate an
alternating magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic
field that is not moving. The interaction of the stationary
magnetic field with an alternating magnetic field was
applied, three cylinders are produced, the first stator
magnet, second magnet rotors as they rotate around the

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axis of the shaft and the stator magnet past the outside. The
three-axis, three-cylinder is similar to the shaft axis.
Magnet internal stator, rotor, and the outer stator have a
magnetic orientation that causes them to repel each other at
every angular position of the rotor. According to the
authors, Yildiz motor is capable of producing a mechanical
power output of 250 Watt where the magnetic motor
having the diameter of 20 cm and a length of 40cm is
producing 15,000 rpm [6].
Figure 1: Yildiz Motor
3.0 THE DESIGN OF MAGNETIC MOTOR
In ensuring the success in designing the Halbach array
magnetic motor it’s important to proper select the magnet
material, the size and shape to the magnet as explained in
the sub-section below.
a. Material Selection
Magnets have different types and different strengths
depending on the type of material used. In this design
Neodymium type N52 magnet is used. Table 1 below
clearly demonstrates the specification of the magnet [7].
Table 1: NdFeB Magnet Material Properties
Remanance (Br)
Coersive Force
Hcb (Hc)
Intrensic
Coersive Force
Hcj (Hj)
Maximum Energy
Product (BH)
Max
mT
G
K A/M
Oe
K A/M
Oe
KJ/m³
MGOe
1430
14300
796
10000
876
11000
398
50
b. Shapes and Sizes of Magnet
The process of size selection and magnetic form is an
important part because the force to be generated depends
on the magnetic field that occurs between the magnetic
reactions in the motor. In the design of this magnetic motor
will use 3 different shapes and sizes as shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Shape and Size of Magnet [8]
Shapes
Size
25mm x 75mm x 50mm
25mm x 100mm x 25mm
20mm x 20mm
c. Magnetic Circuit and Operating point
Design of the configuration magnetic circuit, the
operating point should be set to determine the energy
transferred from the magnet to the gap having a strength
energy[9]. Ideal circuit considerations set in infinite
magnetic permeability of magnetic materials are infinite so
that their anxiety can be ignored. The number of MMFs in
the circuit is equal to zero, an important line of lines in the
magnetic field along the circuit as follows:
magnet +gap = 0 (1)
HmLm + HgLg = 0 (2)
HmLm = -HgLg (3)
Hm is the magnetic field of the magnet in A/m
Lm is the length of the magnet in m
Hg is the magnetic field of the gap in A/m
Lg is the length of the gap in m
Modelling the curve, the continues negative flux
resulting the flux on external space can be equal to the total
flux in the magnet.
Am Bm = Bg Ag (4)
Multiply equation 3 and 4, hence the result is shown in
equation (5)
Am Bm Hm Lm = -Ag Bg Hg Lg (5)
Vm BmHm = -VgBg Hg (6)
where Vm = Am/Lm and Vg = Ag/Lg
The air gap Bg = Hg µo and HmLm = - Hg Lg
The equation (6) becomes:

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The Ratio on the geometry is only dependent of the
magnet circuit.
As can be seen in equation (7), the geometric circuit
magnet is dependent on the slope line load. Therefore, the
air gap inside the motor and the linear movements are the
dimensions is variable, the line load will also vary. In
practical terms, a safe way to handle the leakage magnetic
flux and the finite magnetic permeability by introduced the
two new quantities, the leakage coefficient K1 and the loss
factor K2 [10].
Equation (7) the total load line becomes [11]:
d. Design of Magnetic Field Using Halbach Array
Method
The configuration of the magnets in the self-
running magnetic motor in this study using
Halbach array. The simplest Halbach array
configuration and its magnetic field lines as
shown in figure 2. The halbach array
configuration is creating strong magnetic field at
one side while cancelling the field to near zero on
the others side of the array.
a)Two SegmentPer Pole
b) Three Segment Per Pole
Figure 2: Halbach Array Configuration
The self-running magnetic motor is designed with 3
layers as shown in figure 3. The most inner magnets
consists of 10 magnets, the middle magnets is made of 14
magnets and the outer magnets is comprises of 21 magnets.
The magnets field arrangements follow Halbach array[12].
The middle and the outer layers are the stator whereas the
most-inner layer act as rotor. The inner radius of the
magnets is at 4.1cm, the middle magnets radius at 6.4cm
and outer magnets radius at 1.7cm with an air-gap of 0.3cm
between the magnets. The whole radius of the design is at
12.5cm.
Figure 3: Self-Running Magnetic Motor with
Halbach Array Method
The magnetic field gradient can be calculated via
analytically for any chooses circular geometry. Elemental
field dB a radial distance (r) from the source of the
magnetic field can be used Biot-savart law.
The disarrange field decay with B_O will be given by
From the magnetic field source at the distance, r can
be replaced by equation 12, to explain the decaying field in
terms of [13].
Bo is the quantity in the nearest magnetic area where the
arc circle θ is the angle between two slots.
e. Torque
Moment of magnetic dipole depends to a magnetic field
gradient can be equal to
Equation (15) can be transformed from the Cartesian to
polar coordinates and can be equal to

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Magnet magnetization of the rotor is considered to be
always parallel to the stator magnet, thus rotating the rotor
on its axis. Therefore, the torque experienced by the rotor
radius r when subject to force F is:
T = r X F = = - αx (ryFz - rzFz) (17)
Therefore to determine the analytical torque, two
quantities are known as r & F[14].
Tx = rm
Therefore, the induction torque on the rotor has only
one component, therefore, if the modulus of magnetization
is taken equal to the value of each magnet, then the total T
depends on the upon is the gradient ( ). Figure 4 shows
the 3D design of the self-running magnetic motor
Figure 4: The 3D Design of Self-Running
Magnetic Motor
4.0 SIMULATION RESULTS
The self-running magnetic motor design is tested using
Finite Elements simulations tool. The Finite Elements
FEMM4.2 is an open source magnetic motor that provide
wide range of possibilities to simulate the design. Figure 5
shows the magnetic field strength of the self-running
magnetic motor obtained from FEMM4.2
Figure 5: The magnetic field strength of Self-
Running Magnetic Motor
Figure 6 show the RCF response from the simulation
that the rotor is rotating at a constant speed. Figure 8,
shows the torque response. As expected it produced two
cycles from 360◌ turn from the self-running magnetic
motor. From equation (18) the revolution per minute (rpm)
of the rotor in the self-running magnetic motor can be
calculated. The rpm is needed as it is part of the equation
(19) to find the mechanical power.
RPM = x 1000 (18)
Where,
Rpm is revolution per minute
RCF is relative centrifugal force
R is centrifugal force radius in mm
From (18) the rpm can be plotted as shown in figure 9.
Figure 6: RCF response of Self-Running Magnetic
Motor

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Figure 7: Torque simulation response of Self-
Running Magnetic Motor.
Figure 8: Revolution per minute (rpm) response
Once torque is obtained the mechanical power can be
calculated by using the equation shown in (19):
Power Mechanical = Torque x RPM x (19)
The main objective of this study and the most important is
the capability of the self-running magntic motor to induce
electricity. In normal cases the efficiency of the generator
are working around 90% to produce electrical power.
Hence, the electrical power can be derived from
mechanical power as shown in equation (20). The
comparison output of the mechanical power versus
electrical power are as shown in figure 9.
Electrical Power = 0.9 x Mechanical Power (20)
5.0 CONCLUSION
From the study, it can be concluded it is possible to
induce electricity from self-running magnetic motor.
However, this primarily finding will needs further
investigation before a prototype can be developed.
Figure 9: Mechanical power versus Electrical power
from self-running magnetic motor
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