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1- :
(Nakićenović,
Grübler, & McDonald, 1998)،
(EC,
2005)
(EC, 2006b)
(EC,
2006a)
(EC, 2008)
CO2(IEA, 2008)
(Osborn, Cutter, & Ullah, 2015)
(Van Soest & Bulte, 2001)
(WEC, 2008)
1
energy efficiency
2
Doing More with Less
3
A European strategy for reliable, competitive and sustainable energy supply
4
Action plan for energy efficiency
5
Climate action programme
6
By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
7
Energy Intensity
2-
(Golove & Eto, 1996)
(Lovins, 1976)(IEA,
2007a, 2007b)(Cagno,
Worrell, Trianni, & Pugliese, 2013)
1
(EC, 2009)
(IEA,
2014)
(United Nations Environment Programme, 2007)
Gleneagles
(Jollands et al., 2010).
(UN, 2015)
)(“
1
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2
Using less energy to provide the same service
3
Necessary conditions
(Pritchett, Woolcock, &
Andrews, 2010)
(Grant, 2009)
(Davidson, 2005)
(Deborah, 2002; Fischer, 2003)
(Hall, 2011)
1
2
Foundationalism & scientific
(McConnell, 2010b)
(Pawson, 2006; Taylor & Balloch, 2005)
(Bovens, t’Hart, & Peters, 2001)
(Marsh & McConnell, 2010)
(Gastil, 2008)(Schneider & Ingram, 1997)(Schon & Rein, 1994)
(Bardach & Patashnik, 2009)(Althaus, Bridgman, & Davis, 2012)
(Marsh &
McConnell, 2010)
(Brändström & Kuipers, 2003)
""(Rose, 1984)
(Howlett, 2010)
(McConnell, 2010a)
1
Programed
2
Political
3
Process
4
Policy process
“
(McConnell, 2013)”
(Davidson, 2005)
(Howlett, 2012)
1
IEA
/GDP
2
TPES
(tone/thousand 2010 USD)
EU
TPES/GDP PPP
tone/thousand 2010
USD
EU
1
International Energy Agency
2
Total primary energy supply(TPES)
(“IEA - International Energy Agency,” 2017)
3-
(Dubois & Gibbert, 2010)
(Saei, 2007)
(Bennett & Elman, 2006)
1
Focus Group
2
Thematic analysis
4-
A
2
PA
A
4
PA
A
6
PA
0/9364
0/8482
0/8267
0/7999
0/7855
0/7688
0/7607
0/7505
:
(Islamic Parliament Research Center Of IRAN, 2013)
3
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