Content uploaded by Dewi Ayu Kusumaningrum
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Dewi Ayu Kusumaningrum on Aug 04, 2021
Content may be subject to copyright.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Corresponding author: E-mail: ramon.hurdawaty@gmail.com;
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics &
Sociology
35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
ISSN: 2320-7027
The Impact of Tourism Development to
Environmental and Socio Cultural Conditions of the
People in the Taman Sari Tourism Area Yogyakarta
Ramon Hurdawaty
1*
, Dewi Ayu Kusumaningrum
1
and Defri Efferiandi
1
1
Sahid Institute of Tourism Jakarta, Jl. Kemiri No.22, Pondok Cabe, Pamulang, Indonesia.
Authors’ contributions
This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final
manuscript.
Article Information
DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2019/v35i130213
Editor(s):
(1)
Dr. Kwong Fai Andrew Lo, Agronomy and Soil Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Reviewers:
(1) Tuğba Kiper Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Turkey.
(2)
Fikri Nazarullail, Contract Lecturer of IAI Uluwiyah, Indonesia.
Complete Peer review History:
http://www.sdiarticle3.com/review-history/45299
Received 26 September 2018
Accepted 09 December 2018
Published 16 August 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims:
(1) To know the impact of tourism development on environmental conditions in the Taman
Sari tourism area of Yogyakarta, (2) To know the impact of tourism development on the socio-
cultural conditions of the people in the Taman Sari tourism area in Yogyakarta.
Study Design: Case Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Taman Sari, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Betweeen April Until June
2016.
Methodology: This research uses the method the qualitative study. While design research
methodology used is a method case study. Data collection was conducted through in-depth
interviews with related offices, manager of Taman Sari, visitor and community around Taman Sari
Yogyakarta.
Results: (1) The positive impact of tourism development on environmental conditions is the level of
public awareness and attention in waste management around the Taman Sari area in Yogyakarta,
The negative impacts that are polluted water and air, damage to vegetation and wildlife ecosystems
and damage to cultural heritage in the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourism area, (2) The positive impact
Original Research Article
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
2
the tourism development about social and cultural namely Javanese gamelan, wayang kulit,
ketoprak jawa and batik in the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourism area and cultural acculturation also
occurs in buildings and food around Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area. The negative impacts,
namely a shift in culture among young people and upper middle class people with low taste in arts
and culture, in line with the development of tourism in the Taman Sari area of Yogyakarta, many
foreign cultural are imitated by young people around the area Taman Sari Yogyakarta tours in
particular how to dress and the culture of drinking alcoholic beverages.
Conclusion: There was an impact of positive and negative changes in the development of tourism
on the environmental and socio-cultural conditions of the community around the Taman Sari area of
Yogyakarta.
Keywords: Tourism; environmental impact; soci-cultural impact.
1. INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the important things for a
country. With tourism, a country or more
specifically the local government where the
tourism object is located gets income from the
income of each tourist attraction. The
development of the tourism sector in a country
will attract other sectors to develop as well
because its products are needed to support the
tourism industry, such as agriculture, livestock,
plantations, folk handicrafts, increased
employment opportunities, and so on [1]. The
chain of activities related to the tourism industry
is able to generate foreign exchange and can
also be used as a means to absorb labor so that
it can reduce unemployment and increase
employment opportunities.
The development of the tourism industry in
Indonesia is fairly advanced, increasing the
number of local and international tourists visiting
tourist attractions in Indonesia, increasing new
routes and routes, massive investments in
tourism, increasing accommodation facilities, to
infrastructure improvements, all this is proof the
development of the tourism industry in Indonesia
[2]. The impact of the development of general
tourism can have an unavoidable effect on
various things in a region or tourist area, one of
which is the area of Yogyakarta.
Yogyakarta grew and developed as a tourist area
beginning in the 1970s. In the world of tourism,
Yogyakarta received the title as the second
tourist destination in Indonesia after Bali. The
above is motivated by the presence of tourism
objects in Yogyakarta, whether it is natural
tourism, cultural tourism, historical tourism, or
other types that need to be maintained and
developed in terms of its facilities, other tourism
supporting factors, such as transportation and
accommodation.
The city of Yogyakarta as a tourist city in the
period of 5 (five) years has experienced
fluctuations in tourist visits due to external
factors. In 2004 tourists visited Yogyakarta City
as many as 1,800,000 people while in 2005
experienced a decline to 1,600,000 people
(Department of Tourism, City Art and Culture,
2006). Of these 9.8% are foreign tourists. This
shows that the group of tourists who visited
Yogyakarta the most were domestic tourists. His
statement that Yogyakarta as a tourism area has
more triggered the Yogyakarta government to
develop tourism in 2011-2016 with the form of
additional means of transportation and
accommodation and also the development of
tourist attractions in areas outside the city of
Yogyakarta, for example Kaliurang, Parang Tritis,
Prambanan Temple, Borobudur Temple,
Malioboro, Gunung Kidul and Taman Sari.
besides that the city of Yogyakarta is also known
as a city of culture and city of education. The
number of tourism objects in Yogyakarta special
region is 112 tourism objects with 26 natural
tourism details, 73 cultural tourism objects, and
13 special interest tours.
One of the tourism objects in Yogyakarta is
Taman Sari Yogyakarta located on Jalan Taman,
Keraton, Yogyakarta City, a magnificent kingdom
founded by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I in
1755 AD.
Taman Sari Yogyakarta is one of the tourist
destinations in Yogyakarta that is often visited by
domestic and foreign tourists. Along with the
development of tourism in Taman Sari
Yogyakarta, the impact of tourism development
on the environment and socio-culture such as the
buildings in Taman Sari are now alarming,
because many buildings that were damaged and
even destroyed by large tectonic earthquakes
and land function experts became residential
areas in the Taman Sari area that could damage
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
3
the characteristics of Taman Sari and cause
environmental damage such as water, air
pollution and damage to vegetation and wildlife
ecosystems with the development of community
tourism around more caring and paying attention
to the cleanliness of the environment which is
one of the main factors supporting the tourist
area, along with the development of tourism in
the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourism area, the
socio-cultural activities of the community
around the tourist area of Taman Sari
Yogyakarta also experienced changes such as
its sustainability and the maintenance of
Yogyakarta's arts and culture due to the staging
of traditional arts and art market festivals and a
cultural shift among young people and upper
middle class people who have low taste in arts
and culture [3].
2. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
This research uses the method the qualitative
study. While design research methodology used
is a method case study. Data collection was
conducted through in-depth interviews with
related offices, manager of Taman Sari, visitor
and community around Taman Sari Yogyakarta.
This study aimed to the following: (1) To know
the impact of tourism development on
environmental conditions in the Taman Sari
tourism area of Yogyakarta, (2) To know the
impact of tourism development on the socio-
cultural conditions of the people in the Taman
Sari tourism area in Yogyakarta.
2.1 Concepts and Definitions of Tourism
According to Suwantoro [4] essentially "tourism
is a process of temporary departure from
someone or more to another place outside his
place of residence". The encouragement of his
departure is due to various good interests due to
economic, social, cultural, political, religious,
health and other interests such as just wanting to
know, add experience or to learn.
While Marpaung [5] defines tourism as
"temporary displacement by humans with the aim
of getting out of routine jobs, out of their homes".
Activities are carried out as long as they live in
the destination and facilities are made to meet
their needs.
Definition of tourism according to the Law of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2009
concerning Tourism. "Tourism is a variety of
tourism activities and supported by various
facilities and services provided by the
community, businessmen, government and local
government". Ismayanti [6] states that "Tourism
is a combination of goods and services
products".
2.2 Tourist
Definition of tourists according to Ismayanti [6]
"Advocates / travelers / travelers / travelers /
travelers are terms given to someone who travels
from one place to another". If he travels for
tourist purposes, it is counted as a visitor (visitor)
in tourism statistics.
2.3 Cultural Heritage Tourism
There are various definitions and terms for
preserved objects. The following is a collection of
definitions from various sources.
According to the Law of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 11 of 2010 concerning
Cultural Heritage is known as the Cultural
Heritage, Cultural Heritage Objects, Cultural
Heritage Buildings, Cultural Heritage Structures,
Cultural Heritage Sites and Cultural Heritage
Areas.
Cultural Heritage is a material cultural heritage in
the form of cultural heritage objects, cultural
heritage buildings, cultural heritage structures,
cultural heritage sites, and land and / or water
conservation areas that need to be preserved
because they have important values for history,
science, education, religion, and / or culture
through the process of determination.
Cultural Heritage objects are natural objects and
/ or man-made objects, both movable and
immovable, in the form of units or groups, or
parts thereof, or remnants that have a close
relationship with the culture and history of human
development.
Cultural Heritage Buildings are built structures
made of natural objects or man-made objects to
meet the needs of walled and / or non-walled,
and roofed spaces.
Structure of Cultural Heritage is the composition
of a building made of natural objects and / or
man-made objects to meet the needs of an
activity space that integrates with nature,
facilities and infrastructure to accommodate
human needs.
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
4
Cultural Heritage Sites are locations that are on
land and / or in water that contain Cultural
Heritage Objects, Cultural Heritage Buildings,
and / or Cultural Heritage Structure as a result of
human activities or evidence of past events.
Cultural Heritage Area is a geographical space
unit that has two or more Cultural Heritage Sites
that are located close together and / or show
typical spatial characteristics.
2.4 The Impact of Tourism Development
to Socio Cultural
According to Ismayanti [6] tourism is an activity
that directly touches and engages the community
so that it influences the local community. Even
tourism is said to have extraordinary destructive
energy, which is able to make local people
experience changes, both towards improvement
(escalation) and towards decline (degradation) in
various aspects. Tourism is a social
phenomenon, which concerns people, society,
groups of organizations, and culture.
2.5 The Impact of Tourism Development
to Environmental
According to Ismayanti [6] the tourism industry
has a close and strong relationship with the
physical environment. The natural environment is
a tourism asset and has an impact because the
nature of the physical environment is fragile and
inseparable because it is fragile because the
natural environment is God's creation which, if
destroyed, will not necessarily grow or return as
before. Being inseparable because humans have
to go to the natural environment to enjoy it.
This research uses the method the qualitative
study. While design research methodology used
is a method case study. Data collection was
conducted through in-depth interviews with
related offices, manager of Taman Sari, visitor
and community around Taman Sari Yogyakarta.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Tourism Development in the Taman
Sari Tourism Area of Yogyakarta
Taman sari is one of the historic assets owned
by the palace. Tamansari has historically been a
long time before the local community lived in the
Tamansari area. Tamansari can be developed
but only building and restoring, is only done by
selected people from various regions on the
permission of the palace without changing and
reducing the form of tourism itself, so that
historical tourism is maintained.
Taman Sari area has ceased to function since
the second half of the XIX century and has been
languishing ever since the big earthquake in
1867 in Yogyakarta which destroyed several
buildings and drained their artificial ponds and
lakes. As time went on, people began to arrive
and set up settlements in vacant buildings and
areas of the former lake that had dried up. For
more than a century, this old building complex
was left eroded by erosion due to natural
influences. In 1970 a plan emerged to open
Taman Sari as a tourist attraction. At that time
there were five restored buildings, while other
buildings still remained in a problematic
condition.
Since January 12, 2004 the Taman Sari
rehabilitation work began. The work that is
expected to be completed on August 21, 2004
was carried out in collaboration between the
Government of Yogyakarta Special Region (in
this case the Cultural Office), Center for
Environmental Studies at Gadjah Mada
University (PSLH UGM), BP3 Yogyakarta, and
Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from Portugal.
In 2007 Taman Sari Yogyakarta seemed
untreated, its condition was covered by residents'
settlements, the roads to the Taman Sari tourist
area were filled with settlements, the amount of
garbage in the waterways in the Taman Sari
tourism area of Yogyakarta. In 2010 a tectonic
earthquake occurred because the eruption of
Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta caused damage to
historic buildings in Taman Sari Yogyakarta.
Increasing domestic and foreign tourists at
Taman Sari Yogyakarta, the government of
Yogyakarta Special Region in 2011-2016,
developing tourism in Taman Sari Yogyakarta
tourist area by restoring historic buildings,
structuring residents, building garbage banks and
holding art festivals and culture in the Taman
Sari tourism area of Yogyakarta.
3.2 The Impact of Tourism Development
on Environmental Conditions in the
Taman Sari Tourism Area of
Yogyakarta
The development of tourism in the Taman Sari
Yogyakarta tourism area has given a positive
and negative impact on the environment around
the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area.
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
5
3.2.1 The positive impact of tourism
development on the environmental
conditions around the Taman sari
tourism area in Yogyakarta
In line with the development of tourism around
the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area, the level
of awareness and attention of the Patehan
community regarding the handling of waste
problems is indeed very large. This is supported
because the Patehan region itself is located in
the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area, so that
the surrounding community is very concerned
about the cleanliness of the environment which is
one of the main factors supporting the area of
tourism.
One of the strategies of the Yogyakarta
government in the PSM (Mandiri Waste
Management) program through a waste bank.
Garbage bank is an effective means of
education to the community around the Taman
Sari Yogyakarta tourist area, the waste bank has
the potential to reduce up to 50% of waste
around the Taman Sari Yogyakarta area
which must be disposed of to the landfill. On the
one hand effective in mobilizing citizen
participation in the management of household
waste, on the other hand is one of the people's
economic opportunities that can be implemented
easily.
One of the waste management communities in
the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area is UAP
(Uwuh Art Project), a community that cares for
environmental sustainability, especially in the
management of plastic waste.
This community was established in 2000 which
was initiated by Gunadi. Armed with the available
skills they finally made the garbage into high-art
items. At first glance, if people see the results of
the work they have produced, no one would ever
have thought that it was actually produced from
garbage.
3.2.2 The negative impact of tourism
development on the environment
around Taman Sari tourism area in
Yogyakarta
Water conditions in the vicinity of the Taman Sari
Yogyakarta tourism area get pollution from the
disposal of liquid waste such as the residual
detergent and soap and solid waste such as food
scraps from residential areas around the Taman
Sari area of Yogyakarta, due to the waste
disposal of residents around Taman Sari
Yogyakarta.
3.3 The Impact of Tourism Development
on the Socio-Cultural Conditions in
the Taman Sari Jogyakarta Tourism
Area
The development of tourism in the Taman Sari
Tourism Area in Yogyakarta has had a positive
and negative impact on the social culture of the
local community. Positive impacts that arise
include; preservation of culture, customs, way of
life, art, providing employment, and generating
economic activities in local communities. While
the negative impacts that arise include; the
occurrence of cultural upheaval among young
people and middle class society.
Fig. 1. Creatif products UAP (Uwuh Art Project)
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
6
3.3.1 Positive impact of community socio-
cultural around the Taman sari tourism
area Yogyakarta
In connection with the development of tourism in
the Taman Sari tourism area of Yogyakarta, in
general the cultures of local communities such as
the way of life, customs, religion, and arts that
are inherited by their ancestors are still
preserved. That is, although it has mingled and is
influenced by foreign cultures, the culture of the
community can still be found easily and routinely
carried out by the local community, such as
wedding ceremonies, inheritance ceremonies
and skating ceremonies.
Tourism development in the Taman Sari
Yogyakarta tourism area also participates in
preserving other community cultures such as art
and customs. The traditional arts of local
communities that are still preserved are
Javanese gamelan arts, wayang kulit, ketoprak
javanese and batik.
a. Javanese Gamelan
Javanese gamelan is a set of traditional
Javanese musical instruments which usually
consist of Gong, Kenong, Xylophone,
Celempung and several other accompanying
musical instruments, the specialty of music
strings Javanese Gamelan is tend to sound soft
and like deliberately presents an atmosphere of
peace of mind, where it is harmonized with the
principle of life Javanese society in general.
Instrument Javanese Gamelan cannot be
separated from the view of Javanese people who
tend to maintain harmony of life both physically
and spiritually, these conditions make Javanese
people always avoid tempramental
experimentation and strive to create tolerance
among others. The most tangible form we can
find in gamelan music is attraction the rebab rope
is medium, the sound balance guide is kenong,
saron, kendhang and gambang and the sound of
the gong on each rhythm cover. Gamelan music
composition was created with several rules,
consisting of several rounds and pethet. limited
by one gongan and the melody. created in units
consisting of 4 tones. the main components of
gamelan musical instruments are: bamboo, metal
and wood. Each tool has its own function in
Javanese gamelan music performances. The
Javanese gamelan did not at all subside. On the
contrary, Javanese Gamelan is more sustainable
and maintained its existence because it is used
as one of the tourist attractions displayed at art
festivals in the Taman Sari tourism area of
Yogyakarta.
b. Wayang Kulit
Wayang kulit is one of the traditional arts that
grows and develops in Javanese society. More
than just a show, wayang kulit was used as a
medium for reflection on the spiritual spirits of the
gods.
Wayang kulit is believed to be an embryo of
various types of puppets that exist today. This
type of puppet is made from dried buffalo skin
sheets. Leather puppets are played directly by
narrators called dalang. The mastermind cannot
be played by just anyone. In addition to having to
play the puppet skillfully, the puppeteer must also
know various stories of wayang epics such as
Mahabrata and Ramayana. While playing the
puppet, the puppeteer is accompanied by music
that comes from gamelan instruments. In
between the sounds of the gamelan, Javanese
poems sung by the pesinden are generally
female. As a traditional art that has magical
value, offerings or offerings are mandatory
elements in every puppet show. In line with the
development of Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourism
wayang kulit is an art that is made as one of the
tourist attractions displayed at art festivals in the
Taman Sari tourism area of Yogyakarta.
c. Java Ketoprak
Ketoprak is one of the Javanese arts whose
presentation forms are like drama, but ketoprak
has a unique story that contains the history of
Javanese society. Ketoprak is played by a
number of people who play a role in one story,
the costumes and makeup are always adjusted
to the storyline. Usually in every ketoprak
performance always accompanied by gamelan
and Javanese songs.
Before the development of tourism in the Taman
Sari Yogyakarta tourist area, this traditional art
was only staged at certain times, especially at
traditional ceremonies, so that it was not well
known by domestic and foreign tourists,
tourism growth which grew rapidly from year to
year helped raise and revitalize These traditional
arts and now are often performed in front of
tourists through art festivals in the Taman
Sari Yogyakarta tourist area, as regional
attractions characterized by indigenous
Javanese people.
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
7
d. Batik
Batik Tulis is one of the traditional arts in
Kampung Seni in Patehan Village, Kraton
District. Many residents make batik as a
business commodity by opening kiosks in their
homes. It is also what makes writing batik the
hallmark of batik craftsmen in the Art Village as
well as preserving ancestral heritage. The
visitors can directly see the process of making
batik, starting from making patterns, giving
gradual colors, drying, and so on. We can find
several batik studios in the vicinity of Pasar
Ngasem, one of which is Sanggar Kalpiko owned
by Ibu Tuti, one of the studios that has preserved
traditional batik in the Art Village since 1975. The
studio is located in Tamansari village alongside
the Tamansari cultural heritage building and
other people's homes.
Fig. 2. Image of batik craftsmen
Not only as a cloth, but this batik can also be
used as a wall decoration. So that visitors can
buy batik at a more affordable price compared to
buying batik cloth. Of course the size of the fabric
and the complexity of the desired image become
the differentiator of the price of batik. In addition
to providing various wall hangings and fabrics,
this studio also makes painting clothes that are
starting to become a trend in the society today.
The unique picture is one of the attractions of
visitors to buy it. And if you want to learn how to
make batik, this studio opens batik courses at a
cost of Rp 100,000 per day. This is what makes
Kampung Seni always crowded with visitors,
both local and foreign visitors.
With the development of tourism in the Taman
Sari tourism area of Yogyakarta, the Batik Tulis
art village around the Taman Sari area of
Yogyakarta is known by domestic and domestic
tourists, this makes Batik Tulis art more
sustainable and maintained because it is used as
one of the tourist attractions in the Park area Sari
Yogyakarta.
The performances of traditional arts and art
market festivals mentioned above have been
carried out since 2005, usually held 5 times a
year located in the courtyard of the Taman Sari
tourism area in Yogyakarta. This performance
was held in collaboration between the local
community and the Yogyakarta tourism service.
This program is presented free of charge so that
many tourists visit both domestic and foreign
tourists.
Cultural acculturation also occurs in buildings
and food around Taman Sari tourism area in
Yogyakarta. For example, Hotel Rengganis was
built with a blend of European models and
traditional architecture. From the outside the
building looks magnificent, but inside it is
designed by displaying typical Yogyakarta
buildings. Likewise with the food served at this
hotel.
In addition to serving European foods, there are
also a number of Yogyakarta specialties.
Examples of traditional foods that are usually
served to tourists are Gudeng and Pecel,
Gudeng is made from young jackfruit boiled with
traditional spices, Pecel is a vegetable that is
boiled and cooked with Javanese peanut sauce.
This typical Jogya food can also be found around
the Taman Sari area of Yogyakarta, indirectly
selling traditional food to foreign tourists and
domestic tourists participating in preserving
traditional culinary and raising the economy of
the local community.
3.3.2 Negatif impact of community socio-
cultural around the Taman Sari Tourism
area Yogyakarta
Cultural acculturation is a combination of
indigenous cultures that get influence from
foreign cultures, but both elements of culture are
both visible and prominent, one form of cultural
acculturation that occurs is lifestyle especially in
appearance and dress. At present some local
communities have adopted the appearance and
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
8
dress patterns of tourists. The forms of negative
impacts that can be seen clearly that arise in
connection with the development of tourism in
the Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area are
cultural shifts among young people and middle
class society.
Tourism development in the Taman Sari
tourism area in Yogyakarta also has a negative
impact on the behavior of young people, in line
with the development of tourism in the Taman
Sari area of Yogyakarta, many foreign
cultures are imitated by young people around the
Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area especially
the culture of drinking alcoholic beverages. Low
Appreciation and Commitment to art and
Culture of the middle class society in building
an identity image of the frenzied music and
colorful architectural styles, interiors, art items
unwittingly have entered the vortex of
cultural impoverishment. The phenomenon of
cultural poverty born by the development of
tourism is:
Increasingly widespread society or young people
who feel low towards art and culture. More and
more people are infected with Feodalistic
Snobism (want to portray nobility, through the
architecture of houses and furniture in European
neoclassical style, Spanish style or "traditional"
smells like European noble castles or a local
aristocrat).
The things above arise due to the growth of the
middle class who begin to have economic
stability, although sometimes not lasting, usually
stimulating desires that lead to personal image.
Appreciation and cultural commitment of a nation
is indeed not a gift that falls from the sky, drama
of dismantling buildings / ancient areas that have
historical values or cultural arts values have ever
occurred in America, Europe, Japan and others.
Cultural appreciation and commitment is indeed
a condition that must be built, created,
conceptually, consistently and continuously. And
this is an important part of nation and character
building.
The superficial spirit of modernization, which is
solely oriented towards economic-pragmatic
interests, is often used as a pretext to legitimize
the demolition of cultural heritage buildings /
areas. Demolition of ancient buildings / areas
that are now being highlighted, on the one hand
raises concerns (for those who are "conscious"),
on the other hand are indicators of the
emergence of public awareness (at least some
circles) of cultural / historical heritage objects.
Buildings and areas that have a meaning of
welfare or the value of architectural art, basically
must be chosen as objects of cultural heritage.
The object of cultural heritage is the nation's
cultural wealth which is important for
understanding and developing the history of
science and culture itself. So it needs to be
protected and preserved in order to foster
national identity and national interests.
4. CONCLUSION
Tourism development in the Taman Sari Tourism
area of Yogyakarta has had a positive and
negative impact on the environmental conditions
as well as socio-cultural conditions around the
Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourist area,
a. For environmental conditions, the positive
impact is the level of public awareness and
attention in waste management around the
Taman Sari area in Yogyakarta, the
surrounding community is very concerned
about the cleanliness of the environment is
one of the main factors supporting the
Taman Sari Yogyakarta tourism area. In
addition to the positive impacts there are
also negative impacts that are polluted
water and air, damage to vegetation and
wildlife ecosystems and damage to cultural
heritage in the Taman Sari Yogyakarta
tourism area.
b. For socio-cultural conditions, the positive
impact is the sustainability and
development of art and culture, namely
Javanese gamelan, wayang kulit, ketoprak
jawa and batik in the Taman Sari
Yogyakarta tourism area and cultural
acculturation also occurs in buildings
and food around Taman Sari Yogyakarta
tourist area. In addition to the positive
impacts there are also negative
impacts, namely a shift in culture among
young people and upper middle class
people with low taste in arts and culture, in
line with the development of tourism in the
Taman Sari area of Yogyakarta, many
foreign cultures are imitated by young
people around the area Taman Sari
Yogyakarta tours in particular how to dress
and the culture of drinking alcoholic
beverages.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thankfully acknowledge the contribution of
the reviewers.
Hurdawaty et al.; AJAEES, 35(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.45299
9
COMPETING INTERESTS
Authors have declared that no competing
interests exist.
REFERENCES
1. I Gde Pitana dan Putu G, Gayatri.
Sosiologi Pariwisata, CV. Andi Offset.
Yogyakarta; 2005.
2. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia
Nomor 11 Tahun Tentang Cagar Budaya;
2010.
3. Singarimbun dan Effendi. Metode
Penelitian Survey, PT. Pustaka LP3ES
Indonesia, Jakarta; 2002.
4. Suwantoro Gamal. SH. Dasar-Dasar
Pariwisata, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta;
1997.
5. Marpaung H. Pengetahuan
Kepariwisataan CV. Alfabeta,
Bandung; 2002.
6. Ismayanti Pengantar, Pariwisata PT.
Gramedia Widisarana Indonesia, Jakarta;
2010.
_________________________________________________________________________________
© 2019 Hurdawaty et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Peer-review history:
The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.sdiarticle3.com/review-history/45299
