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Effects of Zinc, Lead and Copper Concentration Levels on the Distribution of Macro Invertebrates: A case Study of River Sosian, Eldoret Town, Kenya
Abstract
The relationship between zinc and copper concentration levels and the distribution of benthic macro-invertebrates in river Sosiani, Eldoret has been investigated. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and the Dip-net method have established the concentration of zinc and copper and the number of macro-invertebrates respectively. The study showed that the concentration of both copper and zinc were higher than the threshold levels and that the macro-invertebrate species were fewer in the more polluted regions of the river. Thus, zinc and copper concentration levels play a role in the distribution of macro-invertebrates.
... Most studies evaluated the response of stream invertebrates to stressors using invertebrate-based indices such as density, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, diversity indices, taxa richness, functional feeding groups and multi-metric index of biotic integrity. However, few studies evaluated concentration of toxicants (e.g., heavy metals) in macroinvertebrates (e.g., Osano et al., 2004) [29] , biological traits (e.g., body size, mass) (e.g., Mathooko, 2002) [30] or applied stable isotopes analysis in biomonitoring (e.g., Masese et al., 2018) [31] . ...
... Most studies evaluated the response of stream invertebrates to stressors using invertebrate-based indices such as density, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, diversity indices, taxa richness, functional feeding groups and multi-metric index of biotic integrity. However, few studies evaluated concentration of toxicants (e.g., heavy metals) in macroinvertebrates (e.g., Osano et al., 2004) [29] , biological traits (e.g., body size, mass) (e.g., Mathooko, 2002) [30] or applied stable isotopes analysis in biomonitoring (e.g., Masese et al., 2018) [31] . ...
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