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Deploying Smart City components for 5G network slicing
... In addition, the SDN can be incorporated into the network function virtualization (NFV) [3,4], by which virtual network functions (VNFs) are interconnected into different delivery operations. For applications based on the 5G network and beyond [5] such as eHealth, smart poles, and smart cities [6][7][8], SDN and NFV for QoS could play important roles for efficient allocations of network resources for communication services. ...
... Let O(p) be the set O with profile size p. By substituting (8) to (14), it can be derived that ...
An effective System-on-Chip (SoC) for smart Quality-of-Service (QoS) management over a virtual local area network (LAN) is presented in this study. The SoC is implemented by field programmable gate array (FPGA) for accelerating the delivery quality prediction for a service. The quality prediction is carried out by the general regression neural network (GRNN) algorithm based on a time-varying profile consisting of the past delivery records of the service. A novel record replacement algorithm is presented to update the profile, so that the bandwidth usage of the service can be effectively tracked by GRNN. Experimental results show that the SoC provides self-aware QoS management with low computation costs for applications over virtual LAN.
... End-to-end implementation of network slicing in a smart city scenario [134] has applied an online ML driven framework to achieve robust and efficient services. Components of deployment using network slicing for smart cities are discussed [135]. Authors [136] worked out the heterogeneous input data received for IoT with the aim of reducing the input error of the algorithm. ...
5G, 6G, and beyond networks promise to support vertical industrial services with strict QoS parameters, but the hardware‐based "one‐size‐fits‐all" model of legacy networks lacks the flexibility needed for diverse services. The foundation of 5G networks lies in softwarization, with network slicing, Software Defined Networking (SDN), and Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) serving as its core components. The network‐slicing‐based shared network environment necessitates an intelligent and flexible resource management approach. In this case, traditional approaches are no longer suitable for dealing with a dynamic network environment. With recent advancements, AI‐based approaches have the potential to manage resources autonomously. This paradigm shift underscores the need for deep and extensive investigation. However, existing literature on this subject is fragmented and lacks a cohesive overview of network slicing. To address these gaps, our review paper aims to provide a comprehensive scope of network slicing in a unified manner. In this sequence at first, this paper presented a conceptual overview of network slicing and enabling technologies, including SDN, NFV, and edge computing. Secondly, this paper identifies the relevant phases of resource management and presents AI‐based resource management for network traffic classification, admission, allocation, and scheduling. Finally, it also discusses the deployment of network slicing‐enabled key use cases and their practical deployment, the research gap, and open research challenges. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to critically analyze and present a consolidated review of the state of the art in network slicing resource management modules and network slicing‐enabled key industrial use cases. This paper aims to guide researchers in developing innovative solutions and assist network players in the practical deployment of network slices for industrial applications.
... A cloud-native infrastructure serves as the backbone to support the microservices approach vital for use-cases like C-ITS and Smart Cities [70]. This approach is widespread in many Smart City, Robotics, and Infrastructure projects (e.g., as in [71,72]) and aligns with the key concepts for future C-ITSs [3]. ...
The way we travel is changing rapidly and Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs) are at the forefront of this evolution. However, the adoption of C-ITSs introduces new risks and challenges, making cybersecurity a top priority for ensuring safety and reliability. Building on this premise, this paper introduces an envisaged Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence (CSCE) designed to bolster researching, testing, and evaluating the cybersecurity of C-ITSs. We explore the design, functionality, and challenges of CSCE's testing facilities, outlining the technological, security, and societal requirements. Through a thorough survey and analysis, we assess the effectiveness of these systems in detecting and mitigating potential threats, highlighting their flexibility to adapt to future C-ITSs. Finally, we identify current unresolved challenges in various C-ITS domains, with the aim of motivating further research into the cybersecurity of C-ITSs.
... This would enable more efficient use of network resources, as well as better support for a wider range of IoT devices and applications. In ref. [73], the authors suggest the optimization of SCs components for 5G network slicing, also involving the development of a network architecture that can dynamically allocate network resources based on the specific needs of different SC applications and services. This means taking into account the different requirements of each application or service, such as latency, bandwidth, and reliability, and ensuring that the network can allocate resources accordingly. ...
Smart cities and 6G are technological areas that have the potential to transform the way we live and work in the years to come. Until this transformation comes into place, there is the need, underlined by research and market studies, for a critical reassessment of the entire wireless communication sector for smart cities, which should include the IoT infrastructure, economic factors that could improve their adoption rate, and strategies that enable smart city operations. Therefore, from a technical point of view, a series of stringent issues, such as interoperability, data privacy, security, the digital divide, and implementation issues have to be addressed. Notably, to concentrate the scrutiny on smart cities and the forthcoming influence of 6G, the groundwork laid by the current 5G, with its multifaceted role and inherent limitations within the domain of smart cities, is embraced as a foundational standpoint. This examination culminates in a panoramic exposition, extending beyond the mere delineation of the 6G standard toward the unveiling of the extensive gamut of potential applications that this emergent standard promises to introduce to the smart cities arena. This paper provides an update on the SC ecosystem around the novel paradigm of 6G, aggregating a series of enabling technologies accompanied by the descriptions of their roles and specific employment schemes.
... So, the deployment of 5G technology is the major challenge faced by the mobile operators. The conventional 5G network to implement various smart city applications is shown in Figure 9. Different customized 5G network architectures are proposed by the researchers to implement various smart city applications [183][184][185][186][187]. The schematic diagram of an intelligent lighting system for smart cities deployed using the 5G network is shown in Figure 10. ...
The concept of smart city evolved with the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in various sub-systems and processes in urban environment. The development of the smart cities is the best possible solution to major urban issues. It contributes towards economic and social development of the residents. It aims to provide the cordial environment in the domains of healthcare, education, transportation, power generation and dissipation, security, living, industry, etc., to the inhabitants to make their lives comfortable. Sustainability of these services is another major objective in a smart city framework. Along with the true realization of the idea of a smart city, advanced computational and communication technologies are contributing hugely towards its sustainable development. Communication technologies act as backbone to ensure connectivity at the various levels in a smart city framework. Novel smart city solutions for different application domains are designed and deployed by the industry using advanced computational technologies like IoT, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Big Data and Cloud Computing. In this work, authors discuss the concept of smart city, its architecture and sustainability. Different operational domains in a smart city ecosystem are elaborated. The cyber physical aspect of the smart cities is discussed in brief. The role of various computational and communication technologies in the sustainable development of smart cities is presented. Limiting factors in the deployment of various advanced technologies in different smart city domains are highlighted. Security issues associated with the technological sustainable development of different smart city services along with existing solutions are discussed. The article is concluded by highlighting the future research directions.
... The concept of slice as elaborated for 5G virtualized networks [160], [161] can be used to create specialized environments that are compartmentalized and devoted to specific tenants, that is, softwarized virtual environments that reflect the operation of large composed physical environments. For instance, a smart city application has been prototyped exploiting these concepts [162]. ...
Digital twin (DT) is an emerging concept that is gaining attention in various industries. It refers to the ability to clone a physical object (PO) into a software counterpart. The softwarized object, termed logical object, reflects all the important properties and characteristics of the original object within a specific application context. To fully determine the expected properties of the DT, this article surveys the state-of-the-art starting from the original definition within the manufacturing industry. It takes into account related proposals emerging in other fields, namely augmented and virtual reality (e.g., avatars), multiagent systems, and virtualization. This survey thereby allows for the identification of an extensive set of DT features that point to the "softwarization" of POs. To properly consolidate a shared DT definition, a set of foundational properties is identified and proposed as a common ground outlining the essential characteristics (must-haves) of a DT. Once the DT definition has been consolidated, its technical and business value is discussed in terms of applicability and opportunities. Four application scenarios illustrate how the DT concept can be used and how some industries are applying it. The scenarios also lead to a generic DT architectural model. This analysis is then complemented by the identification of software architecture models and guidelines in order to present a general functional framework for the DT. This article, eventually, analyses a set of possible evolution paths for the DT considering its possible usage as a major enabler for the softwarization process.
A smart city is one in which data is collected using multiple electrical and sensor systems. Smart cities work on information & communication technology to improve customer experience by focusing on convenience, reliability, and security. Mobile wireless communication’s 5g technology (5G) brings up a whole new universe of possibilities. Everyone and everything are connected through a communication network. 5G will have a significant economic impact and civilizations, since it will provide the requisite communication infrastructure for a variety of smart devices applications for the city. Cities might use 5G technologies to save commuting times, enhance public safety, and save money on their smart grids. The 6G revolution will test how we communicate and regulate billions of pieces in our digital future, from macro to micro to nano. 6G would enhance health systems, transport, logistics, safety, privacy, and more, in addition to enabling lightning-fast connectivity. 6G detects large amounts of data at breakneck speeds, computes, maintains, and displays it to humans. The purpose of this research is to look into 5G and 6G technologies and how they might affect the development of smart, perceptive, and intellectual cities.
Globalization has facilitated productivity gains and economic growth and for decades. It has helped integrate emerging economies, spread technology, knowledge, culture, and created an interconnected global community. Smart cities depend on a robust and flexible mobile network foundation, and yet, Thailand is leading the way in the ASEAN. Using Thailand as a case study, this paper presents a practical mobile network planning and optimization framework (PMNPO) that’s workable for the fourth-generation up to sixth-generation networks in smart cities, especially in an industrial estate. While theoretical frameworks play a vital role in optimizing network performance, such frameworks may not be practical enough. This study applies a mixed quantitative research method on actual applications (case studies) and qualitative research. The PMNPO is a management function of pseudo-codes. A workable cost-sharing model for mobile networks consists of CAPEX, OPEX, feasibility study, and site value management (mobile network operators). The fair factor (0.2), the payback (5 years), the NPV ($0.5 million), and the IRR (20%) reveal a promising financial prospect. The PMNPO is practical for Thailand, with a mean acceptance rate of 4.83. Therefore, the findings support stakeholders, policymakers, and decision-makers, in setting telecommunication policies. The results can apply to other developing countries or catalyze a similar research type.
5G Smart City Vertical Slice
- B Rusti
- H Stefanescu
- M Iordache
- J Ghenta
- C Patachia
- P Gouvas
5G Smart City Vertical Slice
- rusti