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Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a New Species from Amazonas, Peru

June 2019
Annales Botanici Fennici 56:301–304.

DOI:10.5735/085.056.0416

Authors:

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis Damian sp. nova (Orchidaceae : Pleurothallidinae), a new species from Amazonas, Peru, is proposed. It is similar in overall morphology to the Ecuadorian C. molleturoi. However, C. chachapoyensis is distinguished by its shorter ramicauls, larger resupinate flowers and 3-lobed, callose-free lip with a pair of cavities above the base. A line drawing and habitat information are provided as well as a comparison with morphologically similar species. You can see the article free online following this link: http://www.annbot.net/PDF/anb56-free/anb56-301-304-free.html

Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis (from the holotype). -A: Habit. -B: Dissected perianth. -C: Labellum not expanded, front view. -E: Column and labellum, lateral view.

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Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis (Orchidaceae:

Pleurothallidinae), a New Species from Amazonas, Peru

Author: Damián, Alexander

Source: Annales Botanici Fennici, 56(4-6) : 301-304

Published By: Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board

URL: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0416

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Ann. Bot. Fennici 56: 301–304 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online)

Helsinki 7 June 2019 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2019

Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis (Orchidaceae :

Pleurothallidinae), a new species from Amazonas, Peru

Alexander Damián

Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Cientíca del Sur, Lima, Perú (e-mail: ldamian@

cientica.edu.pe); and Posgrado en Botánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas,

Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela, Cdra. 34 s/n, Lima, Perú

Received 13 Mar. 2019, nal version received 4 Apr. 2019, accepted 14 May 2019

Damián A. 2019: Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis (Orchidaceae : Pleurothallidinae), a new spe-

cies from Amazonas, Peru. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 56: 301–304.

Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis Damian sp. nova (Orchidaceae : Pleurothallidinae),

a new species from Amazonas, Peru, is proposed. It is similar in overall morphology

to the Ecuadorian C. molleturoi. However, C. chachapoyensis is distinguished by its

shorter ramicauls, larger resupinate owers and 3-lobed, callose-free lip with a pair of

cavities above the base. A line drawing and habitat information are provided as well as

a comparison with morphologically similar species.

The orchid genus Crocodeilanthe comprises

90 species mainly distributed in Central and

South America (Toscano 2018). Species of this

genus are large plants, with conspicuous bracts

and erect, racemose, multiowered simultane-

ous inorescences, borne from a conspicuous

spathaceous bract. Sepals are similar to each

other, never caudate, the lateral sepals connate to

around the middle. The lip is entire or trilobed,

almost always with a pair of calli somewhere

near the middle, either on the hypochile, on the

lateral lobes, or intramural on the margins and

attached to the bulbous base of the usually short

and straight column (Luer 2004, Karremans et

al. 2013).

Taxonomic circumscriptions derived from

phylogenies of Crocodeilanthe and related

genera are controversial. Some authors prefer to

recognize this group of species as an independ-

ent genus (Luer & Thoerle 2012, Carnevali 2014,

Toscano 2018), while others opt for a lumping

approach with all species embedded within a

larger circumscription of Stelis s. lato (Pridgeon

et al. 2001, Solano 2005, Karremans et al. 2016).

In this article the former approach is preferred

since the molecular evidence published so far is

limited, only ve species of Crocodeilanthe have

been sampled without including the nomenclatu-

ral type of the genus. Therefore, a more extensive

sampling is needed to support the inclusion of

Crocodeilanthe in a broader concept of Stelis

(Luer & Toscano 2018, Toscano 2018).

In Peru, 24 species of Crocodeilanthe are

so far recorded (cf. Appendix), including the

one proposed as new herein. They are mainly

distributed in the departments of Huanuco, Ama-

zonas, and Cusco on the upper mountains slopes

of the Andes above 2800 m a.s.l. In an attempt

to perform an orchid inventory in the district of

Magdalena (Chachapoyas) in the northeast part

of the country, a distinctive species was encoun-

tered. In the present manuscript, it is formally

proposed, described, discussed and illustrated as

a new species.

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302 Damián • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56

Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis Damian,

sp. nova (Fig. 1)

Type: Peru. Amazonas, Prov. Chachapoyas, Dist. Magdalena,

above “Saula”, 06°24´10.34´´S, 77°49´30.28´´E, 2800 m

a.s.l., 20 March 2016 A. Damian & J. Torres 07023 (holotype

UFV).

eTymology: In reference to the province where the type

was collected, Chachapoyas, Amazonas.

Plant up to 30 cm tall, epiphytic, densely

caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls fasciculate,

slender, erect, 5–8 cm long, with a loose tubu-

lar sheath near middle and 2 loose, imbricat-

ing sheaths about base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

elliptical, acute, 5–10 cm long including a peti-

ole 3–4 mm long, cuneate below into petiole.

Inorescence 1–2 congested, simultaneously

many-owered racemes, distichous, 10–18 cm

long including peduncle 2 cm long, subtended

by a spathe 1–1.4 cm long, from an annulus

10–11 mm below abscission layer; oral bracts

oblique, 4–4.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; sepals eshy, carinate, nar-

rowly obtuse, concave, dorsal sepal 8 mm long,

2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, free from lateral sepals,

lateral sepals oblique, 8 mm long, 2.5–3 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate 3 mm long; petals

translucent, deeply concave, elliptical, slightly

oblique, wide obtuse, erose at apex, 3.5 mm

long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip 3-lobed, ovate,

Fig. 1. Crocodeilanthe

chachapoyensis (from the

holotype). — A: Habit.

— B: Dissected peri-

anth. — C: Labellum not

expanded, front view. —

E: Column and labellum,

lateral view.

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ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56 • Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis, a new species from Peru 303

3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, apex nar-

rowly obtuse, thick, basal angles, erect, broadly

rounded, retrorse, slightly erose, overlapping

margin, hypochile callose free, at, with a pair

of cavities above base, base truncate, inexibly

attached to column-foot; column stout, 2.5 mm

long, anther and stigma subapical.

HabiTaT and disTribuTion: Known only from

the type locality in the high mountains of Mag-

dalena, Chachapoyas, at about 2800 m a.s.l.

Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis is most simi-

lar to C. molleturoi but can be easily distin-

guished from it by its shorter ramicauls, larger

resupinate owers, and 3-lobed, callose-free lip

with a pair of cavities above the base (Table 2).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Junior Torres and his family for his kind

help during the eldwork performed in Magdalena, Chacha-

poyas.

References

Carnevali G. & Dorr L.J. 2014: Orchidaceae. — In: Dorr L.J.

(ed.), Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyle-

dons: 106–209. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany.

Karremans A. 2016: Genera Pleurothallidinarum: an updated

phylogenetic overview of Pleurothallidinae. — Lankes-

teriana 16: 219–241.

Karremans A., Bakker F., Pupulin F., Solano-Gómez R. &

Smulders M. 2013: Phylogenetics of Stelis and closely

related genera (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae). —

Plant Systematic Evolution 299:151–176.

Luer C.A. 1998: Icones Pleurothallidinarum XVI Systematics

of Pleurothallis subgenera Crocodeilanthe, Rhynchopera,

Talpinaria (Orchidaceae). — Monographs in Systematic

Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 65: 1–122.

Luer C.A. 2011: Miscellaneous new species in the Pleu-

rothallidinae (Orchidaceae) excluding species from

Brazil. — Harvard Papers in Botany16: 311–360.

Luer C.A. & Toscano de Brito A.L.V. 2018: Miscellaneous

new species in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae). —

Harvard Papers in Botany 23: 47–51.

Pridgeon A.M. & Chase M.V. 2001: A phylogenetic reclas-

sication of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae). — Lind-

leyana 16: 235–271.

Solano-Gomez R. 2005: Inference of the phylogenetic rela-

tionships in Stelis sensu lato clade based upon morphol-

ogy and sequences of the ITS region data sets. — In:

Raynal-Roques A., Roguenant A. & Prat D. (eds.), Pro-

ceedings of the 18th World Orchid Conference, March

2005, Dijon: 460–468. Naturalia Publications, Turriers.

Toscano de Brito A.L.V. 2018: New combinations in Croco-

deilanthe (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae). — Harvard

Papers in Botany 23: 53–55.

Table 2. Comparative morphology of Crocodeilanthe chachapoyensis and C. molleturoi. Data on C. molleturoi ret-

rieved from Luer (1998).

C. chachapoyensis C. molleturoi

Plant height (cm) 30 20–23

Leaves

size (cm) 5–10 ¥ 2 11–12 ¥ 2.5–3.5

shape elliptical elliptical

apex acute acute

Inorescence (cm) 10–18 10–12

Peduncle length (cm) 2 2–3

Number of owers 15–18 11–18

Dorsal sepal size (mm) 8 ¥ 2.5 5 ¥ 2

Lateral sepal

size (mm) 8 ¥ 2.5–3 5 ¥ 2

connation (mm) 3 0.5

Petals

size (mm) 3.5 ¥ 2 3 ¥ 1.6

shape elliptical elliptical

Lip

size (mm) 3 ¥ 1 2.8 ¥ 2

shape ovate, 3-lobed ovate, entire

apex narrowly obtuse narrowly obtuse

callus callose free, with one pair of cavities covered by one pair of lunate calli and

above base transverse callus above base

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304 Damián • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56

Appendix. Distribution and altitudinal range of Peruvian species of Crocodeilanthe recognized by Luer (2004), and

the species described in this paper. Endemic species are indicated with an asterisk (*).

Species Distribution Altitudinal range (m a.s.l.)

C. cassidis Amazonas, San Martín, Huánuco 2700–3600

C. cauliora Cajamarca unknown

C. chachapoyensis* Amazonas 2800

C. cyathiora Cusco 2800

C. oribunda Huánuco, Junín, Puno, San Martín, Ayacucho, Cusco 627–2700

C. fons-orum Huánuco unknown

C. galeata Amazonas 2400

C. gelida Huanuco, Cusco 1200–1500

C. jamesonii San Martín 2800

C. laevigata Amazonas unknown

C. moritzii Pasco 2700

C. pachypus Junín 1400–1700

C. pulchella Cajamarca 2560

C. retusiloba* Cusco 3000

C. salpingantha Pasco 2700

C. simplicilabia* Cusco 2200

C. siphonantha* Amazonas 3050

C. tunguraguae Huánuco unknown

C. vargasii Apurímac 3700

C. velaticaulis unknown unknown

C. verbiformis Cajamarca 1500–2000

C. virgata* Cajamarca, Huánuco, La Libertad 1800–3500

C. weddelliana Pasco 3170

C. xiphizusa Piura 3200

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To be, or not to be a Stelis

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2019

A. P. Karremans

Despite the availability of multiple sources of evidence and consistency in the support for a broadly circumscribed Stelis Sw. (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), some authors continue to be hesitant in its use. It is certain that the more typical species of Stelis, with their triangular, flattish flowers with very short fleshy petals and lip, form a monophyletic group that is easily recognized. However, it is likewise undisputed that they are not an isolated lineage in the subtribe and that several groups of species with a similar vegetative habit but that lack the typical Stelis flower are in fact very close relatives, sharing a relatively recent common ancestor. Those species groups need to be classified in a way that also reflects their own evolutionary history, and alternatives to a broadly circumscribed Stelis are possible yet neither straightforward or practical at this time. An infrageneric classification for the whole group is provided here in an attempt to clarify which species actually belong where in this highly complex affinity. Emphasis is made on the difficulty of diagnosing the less typical members of each proposed subgenus or section, and on the importance of floral convergence and divergence as a result of pollinator adaptation. As here defined, Stelis is the largest genus in the Pleurothallidinae, with 1243 species. Key words: convergence; evolutionary history; floral morphology; generic circumscription; Pleurothallidinae; pollinator adaptation

Diversidad florística en el complejo arqueológico La Bóveda, en el sur del departamento Amazonas, Perú

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Aug 2020

Daniel B. Montesinos-Tubée

La vegetación del departamento de Amazonas (Perú) ha destacado por presentar una diversidad biológica bastante amplia y una alta importancia de los servicios ecosistémicos. Sin embargo, los ecosistemas son también amenazados por actividades forestales, agricultura o ganadería. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron de evaluar la diversidad y composición de especies vasculares y helechos; comparar la composición de la diversidad según el hábito o tipo de planta y su distribución en pajonales y zonas boscosas; finalmente evaluar las tasas de endemismo según las zonas evaluadas en el ecosistema de Jalca. Un total de 294 especies, divididas en 190 géneros y 65 familias fueron registradas de diez diferentes estratos de vegetación en un área aproximada de 180000 m² y a una elevación de 3400-3710 msnm. Se seleccionaron un total de 61 unidades de muestreo con dimensiones de 1-1000 m² que variaron en tamaño según la cobertura vegetal y acceso topográfico. Los resultados demuestran que los pajonales poseen menor diversidad que las zonas boscosas.Mientras que a nivel de endemismo, las zonas boscosas registraron un leve aumento a comparación de lospajonales. Los resultados pueden relacionarse a la mayor humedad en las depresiones de origen kársticos ylos parches boscosos no intervenidos, evidenciando la particularidad de la vegetación de las zonas boscosasen composición, diversidad y cobertura.

A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae)

Article

Jan 2001

Miscellaneous New Species in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) Excluding Species from Brazil

Article

Jan 2012

Carlyle A. Luer

Fifty-eight new species from regions north and west of Brazil are described and illustrated in miscellaneous genera of the Pleurothallidinae. A new combination in Crocodeilanthe, C. bracteosa, is proposed, as well as the new generic name Lalexia to replace the invalid name Loddigesia. A new combination in Lalexia, L. quadrifida is also proposed. Pleurothallis ringens is transferred to Talpinaria and recognized as distinct from Pleurothallis hitchcockii (= Talpinaria hitchcockii). These two species are discussed and described, and the treatment of Talpinaria hitchcockii in Icones Pleurothallidinarum XVI is revised. Porroglossum miguelangelii, originally described for Ecuador, is placed in synonymy with Porroglossum tokachii, a species heretofore known only from Amazonian Peru. In alphabetical order, the new species proposed herein are: Acianthera cornejoi, A. fernandezii, A.tanyae; Acronia miniatura, A. niesseniae, A. rinkei, A. werneri, Alaticaulia amsleri, A. cracens, Ancipitia dubbeldamii, A.renieana, Crocodeilanthe franciscensis, C.juxta, C. mendietae, C. speciosa, C. werneri, Dracula gerhardii, Effusiella werneri, Kraenzlinella rinkei, Lepanthes anemica, L.barclaya, L. brevipedicellata, L. carrilloi, L. chocoënsis, L. ericae, L. eucerca, L. heteroloba, L.juan-felipei, L. lacera, L. macdougalii, L. maria-victoriae, L. medinae, L. pictoris, L. reburra; Luzama dejonghei; Masdevallia odnalorii, M. sentinella; Octomeria werneri; Porroglossum adrianae, P. apoloae, P. dejonghei, P. ecuagenerense, P. myosurotum; Regalia antonii; Restrepia peetersii; Rodrigoa ruthiana; Scaphosepalum rinkei; Stelis compressicauls, S. conduplicata, S. discrepans, S. franciscensis, S. malvina, S. modica, S. pilulosa, S. regia, S. rudolphiana, S. thelephora, and S. tyria.

Jan 2014
106-209

G Carnevali
L J Dorr

Carnevali G. & Dorr L.J. 2014: Orchidaceae. -In: Dorr L.J. (ed.), Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyledons: 106-209. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany.

Jan 2013
151-176

A Karremans
F Bakker
F Pupulin
R Solano-Gómez
M Smulders

Karremans A., Bakker F., Pupulin F., Solano-Gómez R. & Smulders M. 2013: Phylogenetics of Stelis and closely related genera (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae). -Plant Systematic Evolution 299:151-176.

Icones Pleurothallidinarum XVI Systematics of Pleurothallis subgenera Crocodeilanthe, Rhynchopera, Talpinaria (Orchidaceae). -Monographs in

Jan 1998
1-122

C A Luer

Luer C.A. 1998: Icones Pleurothallidinarum XVI Systematics of Pleurothallis subgenera Crocodeilanthe, Rhynchopera, Talpinaria (Orchidaceae). -Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 65: 1-122.

Inference of the phylogenetic relationships in Stelis sensu lato clade based upon morphology and sequences of the ITS region data sets

Mar 2005
Harv Paper Bot
53-55

R Solano-Gomez

Solano-Gomez R. 2005: Inference of the phylogenetic relationships in Stelis sensu lato clade based upon morphology and sequences of the ITS region data sets. -In: Raynal-Roques A., Roguenant A. & Prat D. (eds.), Proceedings of the 18th World Orchid Conference, March 2005, Dijon: 460-468. Naturalia Publications, Turriers. Toscano de Brito A.L.V. 2018: New combinations in Crocodeilanthe (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae). -Harvard Papers in Botany 23: 53-55.