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Garra simbalbaraensis, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Himachal Pradesh, India
Abstract
Garra simbalbaraensis, new species, is described from the Simbalbara River, Himachal Pradesh, India. The new species is distinguished from its congeners in having a combination of following characters: a prominent short, thick, unilobed and rounded proboscis, distinctly projecting downwards above the transverse groove; a black spot at the upper angle of the gill opening, 32−33 lateral line scales and 32 total vertebrae.
... Garra simbalbaraensis was described by Rath et al. (2019) from the Simbalbara River in Himachal Pradesh, India. The species is a member of the 'snout with a proboscis' species group (Nebeshwar & Vishwanath 2017) and is characteristic in having proboscis unilobed, short, thick and rounded, strongly projecting downward above the transverse groove; lateral line scales 32−33; transverse scale rows 4/1/3½; predorsal scales 9−11 and total vertebrae 32. ...
... The present specimen fully resembles Garra simbalbaraensis in having the following combination of characters: snout with a prominent unilobed proboscis, short, thick and rounded, strongly projecting downward above the transverse groove; lateral line scales 33; transverse scale rows 4/1/3½; circum peduncular scales 16; predorsal scales 9, scales regularly arranged, same size as flank scales; chest and belly scaled. Rath et al. (2019) described Garra simbalbaraensis from the Simbalbara River in Himachal Pradesh, India. The species belongs to the snout with a proboscis species group of Nebeshwar and Vishwanath (2017). ...
... This finding was similar with the characters described by Hora (1921) and Bhakta et al. (2022). Additionally, Rath et al. (2019) also reported on the importance of fin ray counts, fin shapes, relative sizes and its positioning as distinguishing characters in differentiating Garra species. Further, IUCN status (ver. ...
Background: The fishes of genus Garra are one of the most abundant and taxonomically confusing groups which requires further studies to evaluate their taxonomical ambiguity. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted on the genus to understand their detailed morphometric and meristic features. Methods: A total of 122 fish specimens belonging to 10 species were collected from the hill stream rivers of Arunachal Pradesh. Eleven morphometric and six meristic parameters were applied for each fish specimen. Identification key was developed after the detailed examination of morphological features. Fin formula was also generated for each species by counting the meristic characters. Phylogenetic tree was developed using morphological characters to understand the evolutionary relationship among the species. Result: Present study observed the maximum length (54.8-135.0 mm) in G. annandalei and minimum length (64.1-70.2 mm) in G. rufa. And this study also confirmed the presence or absence of lobes and tubercles, rostral cap, proboscis, gular disc and fins' shape as key identifying features. Constant in morphometric measurements and meristic counts reveals the uniqueness of the species which was noticed from the generation of fin formula. Further, species were assigned with latest IUCN Red data, G. rupecula was identified as NT, 3 species were under NE and 6 species in LC category. Analysis of phylogenetic tree through neighborjoining (NJ) clustering method with bootstraps 100 depicts that G. lissorhynchus, G. rufa and G. rupecula were belonged to the common ancestral group and G. annandalei and G. quadratirostris were distantly related to G. arunachalensis and G. lamta. A strong positive and linear LLRs were found in between TL and other morphometric characters with r value 0.765. SL showed significantly (p<0.01) higher correlation with TL in all the species.
... Fishes of this genus are characterized by a streamlined sub-cylindrical body, a paired horizontal fin and a peculiar ventrally located suctorial disc (2,3) . The suctorial disc is a modified lower lip that is used for adhering to rocks and pebbles in rapid waters (4) . Menon reviewed the genus and recognize 37 species that are divided into 4 groups consisting of 9 complexes (5) . ...
Nepal holds a high ichthyofaunal diversity, nevertheless, the molecular study of Nepalese fish is still in its early stages. The first record of a cyprinid fish species the Garra kempi Hora, 1921 for Nepal was reported from eastern Nepal’s Lohandra River. Both morphology and molecular data affirmed the existence of G. kempi in Nepal’s aquatic system. This species was previously reported from China (Tibet) and northern India. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis and pairwise genetic distance based on Kimura 2 parameters using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) segment sequences (665 bp) also confirmed the identity of the species as G. kempi. The COI sequences of specimens from Nepal formed a monophyletic clade with the sequence of G. kempi from northeastern India and the two contained a pairwise genetic distance of 1.8% only. The new record of G. kempi from Nepal warrants a detailed ichthyofaunal survey for documenting the fish diversity in Nepal.
Garra chathensis, a new species, is described from the Chathe River, Nagaland, India. The new species is distinguished from its congeners in having a bilobed proboscis, a black spot at the upper angle of the gill opening, 3½/1/ 3 transverse scale rows, 16 circum peduncular scales, 9-10 predorsal scales and 32-33 lateral line scales.
A new species of the genus Garra is described from the Ranga River of the Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Garra magnacavus, new species, differs from its congeners in having an incipient proboscis with a transverse lobe, 15−19 rounded large pits on the snout, weakly developed non-fleshy central callous pad, and an elongate body with 42 lateral-line and 14−16 predorsal scales.
Garra dengba is here described from the Chayu-Qu, a tributary flowing into the Brahmaputra River, in Chayu County, eastern Tibet, China. It shares the presence of an incipient proboscis on the snout with G. arupi, G. elongata, G. gravelyi, G. kalpangi, and G. rotundinasus, but is distinguished from these five species in having, among other features, fewer branched dorsal- and anal-fin rays and more perforated lateral-line scales. Its validity was also confirmed by a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome b gene.
Three new species of Garra previously identified as G. gotyla are described from the eastern Himalayan foothills. They have a prominent proboscis, a transverse lobe on the snout with tubercles and black spots on the base of the dorsal-fin rays. Garra arunachalensis, new species, is distinguished in having a prominent quadrate proboscis with two large unicuspid acanthoid tubercles, one on each anterolateral marginal corner and one small tubercle in between; and in the absence of an anterolateral lobe. Garra birostris, new species, is distinguished in having a prominent bilobed proboscis with one large tri- or tetracuspid acanthoid tubercle on each lobe, and a distinct black spot at the upper angle of gill opening. Garra quadratirostris, new species, is distinguished in having a prominent quadrate proboscis with three or four small- to medium-sized tubercles on the anterior margin, and a faint blackish spot immediately anterior to the upper angle of the gill opening. Garra gotyla is redescribed based on materials from the Tista River in Sikkim. It is distinguished in having a prominent quadrate proboscis, its anterior region with 4-13 small- to medium-sized tubercles scattered on two or three rows; upper lip as a narrow band of papillae arranged in two transverse ridges; and a black spot at the upper angle of gill opening.
A new cyprinid species, Garra kalpangi is described from the Kalpangi River (Brahmaputra basin) in Arunachal Pradesh, India. The species is closely similar to G. gravelyi, G. rotundinasus and G. elongata in having a shared character i.e. a weakly developed proboscis. It is distinguishable from G. gravelyi for the absence of indistinct black spot at the bases of branched dorsal fin rays and lateral stripes on the side of the body. However, G. rotundinasus possesses lateral stripe along the lateral line. Further, the absence of transverse groove at the tip of snout and longitudinal black band in medial coudal fin differentiated it from G. elongata. The detail comparative account of the 16 available species of northeastern India confirmed its distinct diagnosis as a new species under the genus. Accordingly, after thorough investigation, the taxonomic keys for all the available species under the genus from the region have also been erected in this article.
Garra tengchongensis, a new cyprinid species from the upper Irrawaddy River basin in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, China, is differentiated from all other Chinese and Southeast Asian Garra species except G. kempi by having a combination of the following characters: two pairs of barbels, no proboscis on snout, 12 circumpeduncular scales and 37-42 lateral line scales. Garra tengchongensis is distinguished from G. kempi in having a cylindrical anterior body, a deeper body, a smaller mental adhesive disc, a scaled breast and belly, and a blunt snout
A new species of Garra with a rostral proboscis is described from the Barak River drainage in Manipur, India. Garra paratrilobata, new species, is distinguished from its congeners in having the combination of the following characters: a prominent trilobed proboscis, the median lobe with 5–7 uni- to tricuspid tubercles on its anterior margin and 4–6 minute tubercles on its anteroventral margin; lateral lobe of the proboscis with 3–4 minute tubercles; lateral surface of the snout lobular, with 6–9 tubercles; 33–34 lateral-line scales; and the rostral surface concave, creased and depressed.
Two new species of the fish genus Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) are described from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China. Garra motuoensis, a member of the proboscis species group, is primarily distinguished from the members of this group by having a prominent, quadrate, and slightly bilobed proboscis; 6-20 small to middle-sized unicuspid tubercles on the anterior region of the proboscis, some middle-sized unicuspid tubercles on the transverse lobe of the snout, and several small unicuspid tubercles on the lateral surface of snout; the anus situated slightly closer to the anal-fin origin than to the pelvic-fin origin (distance from anus to anal fin 36-46% of pelvic-anal distance); 36-37 lateral-line scales; and 12 circumpeduncular scales. Garra yajiangensis, a member of the proboscis species group, is primarily distinguished from the members of this group by having a prominent, quadrate, and slightly bilobed proboscis, covered with 2-7 middle-sized unicuspid tubercles, including two large-sized tubercles on anterior margin of each lobe; some small unicuspid tubercles on the transverse lobe and the lateral surface of snout; the anus situated substantially closer to the anal-fin origin than to the pelvic-fin origin (distance from anus to anal fin 19-24% of pelvic-anal distance); 34-36 lateral-line scales; and 12 circumpeduncular scales. The validities of these two new species were also corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b gene sequences.
Garra substrictorostris, a new labeonine species, is described from the Barak River drainage in Manipur, India. It is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: a prominent unilobed antrorse proboscis, with 3–5 medium to large multicuspid tubercles on its anterior margin; 4–6 multicuspid tubercles on its anteroventral margin; a prominent transverse lobe with 14–20 multicuspid tubercles; the lateral surface of the snout slightly elevated, lobular with 7–11 small tubercles; 5½ transverse scale rows above the lateral line and 3½ or 4½ scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin.
Members of the genus Garra are divided into five species groups based on snout morphology, viz., a smooti snout species group; a transverse lobe species group; a rostral flap species group; a rostral lobe species group and a proboscis species group. Two new species are described from the Koladyne River basin in Mizoram, India Garra koladynensis, a member of the proboscis species group, is distinguished by the following combination o. characters: A prominent trilobed proboscis with three large-sized bi-to hexacuspid acanthoid tubercies on anteriol marginal aspect and two medium-to large-sized bi-to pentacuspid tubercles on anteroventral marginal aspect 30-31 + 3 lateral-line scales; 81/2 branched dorsal-fin rays; 51/2 branched anal-fin rays; mental adhesive disc mediall) positioned, extending anteriorly to three-fourths of length of lower jaw; and anterior and posterior halves of thc central callous pad equally rounded. Garra matensis, a member of the rostral flap species group, is distinguishec by the following combination of characters: A small rostral flap with 4-7 small conical tubercles; dorsolateral anc ventrolateral free margins of the rostral flap equally extended; 27-28 + 3 lateral-line scales; 61/2 branched dorsal-fir rays; 41/2 branched anal-fin rays; mental adhesive disc anteriorly positioned, extending anteriorly half length o lower jaw; anterior half of central callous pad more rounded than posterior half of central callous pad; caudal fir with a distinct W-shaped black band; and dorsal fin with a distinct black submarginal band. Garra 1nanipurensi is redescribed and a note on G. rakhinica is given based on the specimens from the Koladyne River basin anc G. vittatula is regarded as a junior synonym of C. lnanipurensis.
Abstract
Seven species of Garra are herein accounted for in Bhutan. Three new records of known species, G. arupi, G. birostris, and G. lissorhynchus, and two new species, G. bimaculacauda sp. nov. and G. parastenorhynchus sp. nov., are reported from central and southern Bhutan. Garra bimaculacauda sp. nov. is most notably different from its congeners by the presence of two dark spots on the lobes of the caudal fin, having one spot on each lobe. Meristic and morphometric differences from northeastern Indian congeners exist as well. Garra parastenorhynchus sp. nov. is differentiated from its congeners by the presence of a prominent, overhanging, club-shaped proboscis, and a suite of meristic and morphometric characters. Notes on the taxonomy are provided for some species. Notes are provided on the biology and ecology for most species, which have been inferred from field observations. Ranges are expanded for two recently described taxa from Northeast India G. arupi, and G. birostris. A key is provided to the currently known species of Garra within Bhutan.
Garra bispinosa, a new species of cyprinid fish from the Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan, Southwest China is described here. It has a conspicuous, quadrate and forwards pointed proboscis reflected downwards against the snout and anteriorly bilobed with one large, uniscupid and acanthoid tubercle on the distal end of each lobe, a character unique among all other congeners in Southeast Asia and China, and further differs from them in having the following combination of characters: snout with a deep groove across its tip to form a transverse lobe, 16 circumpeduncular scales, 34-35 lateral line scales, a smaller mental disc (length 38.1-43.8 % of head length), a forwards situated anus (anus to anal distance 25.9-30.6 % of pelvic to anal distance), and a slightly pointed snout.
Garra cornigera: ZSI FF 5995, 2 paratypes, 72.26−47.48 mm SL
- Assam India
- Dima Hasao District
- Diyung River
India, Assam, Dima Hasao District, Diyung
River.
Garra cornigera: ZSI FF 5995, 2 paratypes, 72.26−47.48 mm SL;
Lawksawk Canal at Lawksawk. Garra kangrae: ZSI F 9699/1, 4 types, 96.3−109.6 mm SL
- S Shan Myanmar
- States
Myanmar, S. Shan States, Lawksawk Canal at Lawksawk.
Garra kangrae: ZSI F 9699/1, 4 types, 96.3−109.6 mm SL;
Garra litanensis: MUMF 68/1, holotype, 92.5 mm SL; MUMF 69, 5 paratypes, 69.0-74.0 mm SL
- Punjab India
- Kangra District Jaugal Khad
India, Punjab, Kangra District Jaugal Khad.
Garra litanensis: MUMF 68/1, holotype, 92.5 mm SL; MUMF 69, 5 paratypes, 69.0-74.0 mm SL; India, Manipur, Ukhrul
District, Litan stream at Litan.
7 mm SL; India, Punjab, Nilwan ravine near Shapur salt ranges
- Garra
Garra montisalsi: ZSI F 9953/1, type, 106.7 mm SL; India, Punjab, Nilwan ravine near Shapur salt ranges.
Garra paratrilobata: ZSI FF 8084−8085, 2 paratypes, 97.4−110.0 mm SL;
Garra quadratirostris: MUMF 4306, holotype, 108.0 mm SL
- Manipur India
- Noney District
- Laimatak River
India, Manipur, Noney District, Laimatak River.
Garra quadratirostris: MUMF 4306, holotype, 108.0 mm SL; MUMF 4307/5, 5 paratypes, 68.8-97.6 mm SL;
Memoirs of California Academy of Sciences
- T R Roberts
Roberts, T.R. (1989) The freshwater fishes of western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Memoirs of California Academy
of Sciences, 14, 1-210.
Uber einige Cyprinoiden aus Ostindien
- F Steindachner
Steindachner, F. (1867) Uber einige Cyprinoiden aus Ostindien. Sitzungsb. Akab. Wiss. Wien, LVI, i, P 360 pl. ii.
Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species
- M L J Stiassy
- A Getahun
Stiassy, M.L.J. & Getahun, A. (2007) An overview of Labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian
genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and
a key to all African species. Zoological Journal of Linneus Society, 150, 41-83.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x
fewer transverse scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line scales (4 vs. 5½ in G. substrictorostris
- G Clavirostris
G. clavirostris), fewer transverse scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line scales (4 vs. 5½ in G. substrictorostris; 6 in G. parastenorhynchus), a smaller mental disc (34.8−39.8 % HL vs. 50.9−65.7 in G. clavirostris;
Nilwan ravine near Shapur salt ranges
- Punjab India
India, Punjab, Nilwan ravine near Shapur salt ranges.
Garra paratrilobata: ZSI FF 8084−8085, 2 paratypes, 97.4−110.0 mm SL;
Dikrong River at Hoj. Garra trilobata: ZSI FF 5994, 2 paratypes, 94.69−117.98 mm SL
- Arunachal India
- Pradesh
India, Arunachal Pradesh, Dikrong River at Hoj.
Garra trilobata: ZSI FF 5994, 2 paratypes, 94.69−117.98 mm SL;
Garra lonchuanensis: Data from Gong
- Manipur India
- Ukhrul District
- Sanalok
India, Manipur, Ukhrul District, Sanalok River.
Garra bispinosa: Zhang (2005)
Garra qiaojiensis: Data from Gong et al. (2018)
Garra rotundinasus: Data from Gong et al. (2018)
Garra surgifrons: Data from Gong et al. (2018)
Garra yajiangensis: Data from Gong et al. (2018)
Garra lonchuanensis: Data from Gong et al. (2018)
Garra bimaculacauda: Data from Thoni et al. (2016)
Garra dengba: Data from Deng et al. (2018)
Garra kalpangii: Data from Nebeshwar et al. (2012)
Garra koladynensis: Data from Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2017)
Garra moyonkhulleni: Data from Moyon & Arunkumar (2018)
Garra mutuoensis: Data from Gong et al. (2018)
Garra nasuta: Data from M'Clelland (1838) & Menon (1964).