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ScienceDirect Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by Colubrina Asiatica aqueous extract
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced utilizing the aqueous extract of Colubrina asiatica (C. asiatica) and AgNO 3 solution. The absorption spectra, morphology and size were analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering method, respectively. The effect of various parameters i.e., reaction time, AgNO 3 solution concentration, extract concentration and reactants ratio on the synthesis of AgNPs were studied. It was found that 24 hours were required for the conversion of Ag + ions into AgNPs at room temperature. However, more than 72 hours were needed to complete the reaction. The synthesized AgNPs were found to be spherical with average size 79 nm. It can be concluded that C. asiatica could be utilized for the production of AgNPs with acceptable size and shape
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In recent years, green synthesized nanoparticles from plant extract have drawn a great interest due to their prospective nanomedicinal application. This study investigates a proficient, safer and sustainable way for the preparation of AgNPs using medicinal plant Pongamia pinnata (family: Leguminoseae, Species: Pinnata) seeds extract without using any external reducing and stabilizing agent. Both UV–Vis spectrum at λmax = 439 nm and EDX spectra proof the formation of AgNPs. An average diameter of the AgNPs was 16.4 nm as revealed from TEM. Hydrodynamic size (d = ~19.6 nm) was determined by DLS. Zeta potential of AgNPs was found to be -23.7 mV which supports its dispersion and stability. FT-IR study revealed that the O–H, C=O and C-O-C groups were responsible for the formation of AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was checked against E. coli ATCC 25922. AgNPs at its LD50 dose exhibited synergistic effect with ampicillin. Since protein-AgNPs association greatly affects its adsorption, distribution, functionality and can also influence the functions of biomolecules. So in order to understand the adsorption and bioavailability, the interaction of synthesized AgNPs towards human serum albumin was investigated by fluorescence, UV-Vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods. The binding affinity and binding sites of HSA towards AgNPs were measured by using the fluorescence quenching data. The CD spectroscopic results revealed that there was a negligible change of α-helical content in their native structure. Overall, these AgNPs show versatile biological activities and may be applied in the field of nanomedicine.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves and silver salt. XRD, SEM, FTIR, optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) were measured and analysed. The synthesized AgNPs exhibits lowest energy absorption band at 400 nm. The effects of various parameters i.e., extract concentration, reaction pH, reactants ratio, temperature and interaction time on the synthesis of AgNPs were studied. It was found that the formation of AgNPs enhanced with time at higher temperature and alkaline pH. The AgNPs formed were found to have enhanced antimicrobial properties and showed zone of inhibition against isolated bacteria (Escherichia coli) from garden soil sample. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the resources obtained from plants can be efficiently used in the production of AgNPs and could be utilized in various fields such as biomedical, nanotechnology etc.
In this century, the development of nanotechnology is projected to be the establishment of a technological evolutionary of this modern era. Recently, nanotechnology is one of the most active subjects of substantial research in modern material sciences and hence metal nanoparticles have a great scientific interest because of their unique optoelectronic and physicochemical properties with applications in diverse areas such as electronics, catalysis, drug delivery, or sensing. Nanotechnology provides an understanding on fundamental properties of objects at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels. Besides, nanotechnology also leads an alternative technological pathway for the exploration and revolution of biological entities, whereas biology provides role models and biosynthetic constituents to nanotechnology. The findings of this review are important to provide an alternative for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It showed more cost-effective and environmental friendly application as well as easier for large production, with relation to the properties of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, can be served well as an alternative antiseptic agent in various fields. Typically, silver nanoparticles are smaller than 100 nm and consist of about 20–15,000 silver atoms. Due to the attractive physical and chemical properties of silver at the nanoscale, the development of silver nanoparticles is expanding in recent years and is nowadays significant for consumer and medical products.
The present study reports an eco-friendly, cost efficient, rapid and easy method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using banana peel extract (BPE) as a reducing and capping agent. The different factor affecting silver reduction was investigated. The optimum conditions were silver nitrate (1.75 mM), BPE (20.4 mg dry weight), pH (4.5) and incubation time (72 h). BPE can reduces silver ions into silver nanoparticles within 5 min after heating the reaction mixture (40–100 °C) as indicated by the developed reddish brown color. The UV–Vis spectrum of silver nanoparticles revealed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 433 nm. Silver nanoparticles were characterized. X ray diffraction revealed their crystalline nature. Scanning electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope showed spherical shaped and monodispersed nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope confirmed the spherical nature and the crystallinity of nanoparticles. The average size of nanoparticles was 23.7 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed the peak in silver region confirming presence of elemental silver. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy affirmed the role of BPE as a reducing and capping agent of silver ions. Silver nanoparticles showed effective antibacterial activity against representative pathogens of bacteria and yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined. The synthesized nanoparticles showed synergistic effect with levofloxacin antibiotic, the antimicrobial activity increased by 1.16–1.32 fold.
While metal nanoparticles are being increasingly used in many sectors of the economy, there is growing interest in the biological and environmental safety of their production. The main methods for nanoparticle production are chemical and physical approaches that are often costly and potentially harmful to the environment. The present review is devoted to the possibility of metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts. This approach has been actively pursued in recent years as an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally safe method for producing nanoparticles with specified properties. This review provides a detailed analysis of the various factors affecting the morphology, size, and yield of metal nanoparticles. The main focus is on the role of the natural plant biomolecules involved in the bioreduction of metal salts during the nanoparticle synthesis. Examples of effective use of exogenous biomatrices (peptides, proteins, and viral particles) to obtain nanoparticles in plant extracts are discussed.
A green, simple and low cost process for production of well dispersed, small size silver nanoparticles with narrow distribution from 3 nm to 15 nm was described. In this method, silver nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous medium by employing wolfberry fruit extract as both reducing and stabilizing agent without utilizing any other capping and reducing agent. The generation of metallic nanoparticles was observed by change of color and the UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The obtained silver nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the as-synthesized silver nanoparticles are highly crystalline in nature, spherical in shape. The reaction times, silver nitrate concentrations and wolfberry fruit extract amounts play crucial roles in the synthesis of small silver nanoparticles. The method displayed in this paper offers a very hopeful mean to prepare other noble nanoparticles using renewable materials as reducing and capping agent.
In this present study, we reported broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) as a potential candidate for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) in green chemistry method. The synthesized metal nanoparticles are evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against different human pathogenic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques such as a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer. In addition, gold and silver NP antimicrobial efficacy was checked by disc diffusion assay. UV-Vis color intensity of the nanoparticles was shown at 540 and 450nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. Higher magnification of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy image shows the variable morphology of the gold nanoparticles such as spherical, rod and triangular shapes and silver nanoparticles were seen in spherical shapes. The average spherical size of the particles was observed in 24-38nm for gold and 30-45nm for silver NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles which were crystalline in nature. Additionally, the functional metabolites were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. IR spectra revealed phenols, alcohols, aldehydes (sugar moieties), vitamins and proteins are present in the broccoli extract which are accountable to synthesize the nanoparticles. The synthesized gold and silver NPs inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens at the concentration of 50μg/mL respectively. In addition, broccoli mediated gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.
Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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