The Science of Muscle Growth: Making muscle

Abstract

Skeletal muscle is composed of thread-like myofibrils and sarcomeres that form a muscle fiber and are the basic units of contraction.The 650 skeletal muscles in the human body contract when they receive signals from motor neurons, which are triggered from a part of the cell called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.Motor neurons tell muscles when to contract and the better one becomes at playinh these signals ; the stronger that person can gets in terms of physical power / muscle contraction.After a workout, the body repairs or replaces damaged muscle fibers through a cellular process where it fuses muscle fibers together to form new muscle protein strands or myofibrils. These repaired myofibrils increase in thickness and number to create muscle hypertrophy (growth).Muscle growth occurs whenever the rate of muscle protein synthesis is greater than the rate of muscle protein breakdown. This adaption, however, does not happen while one actually lift the weights. Instead, it occurs while one rests.Satellite cells act like stem cells for the muscles and add up to existing muscle mass. When activated, they help to add more nuclei to the muscle cells and therefore contribute directly to the growth of myofibrils (muscle cells). “Inherent activation” of these satellite cells may be the difference between what allows certain “genetic freaks” to grow massive muscles and what makes other people “hard-gainers.Studies in the past years, have shown that “extreme responders” to muscle growth, with an incredible 58% myofiber hypertrophy from an exercise, had 23% activation of their satellite cells. Modest responders, who had a 28% growth, had 19% activation of their satellite cells.So then the question becomes, how do you activate these satellite cells to increase muscle growth? This presentation discusses the mechanisms of how muscles grow, and why most women won’t gain large amounts of muscle when working with weights.

Full text

MAKING MUSCLE


 !"#
$#

The Science of Muscle
Growth%
&

!!
'! ('
'#!'!
')( (
!! 
''*('
'(

What is special about skeletal
muscles?
+*  ! !&, *
!#- !!! 
-
./0*  ! !#
'#( !!
'((!&
  & ! !

 
+! '

!
& #(
( 1(
&(
!&# 
&'2! 


How Do Muscles
Grow?$
# (# '
'*#&& 
!(! -(  
&'! -(
!'! &
!#- 
&!#- 
*!! 
#&&#('

Satellite cells act like
stem cells
 ('
'! 
&#(
! 
&*'
&'
&&'  #
'(3
' 
   *!
 ! 
&4(! !

5# &
! ! 
 
 #('
!#- !  +
+“Inherent activation” of these
satellite cells may be the
dierence between what
allows certain “genetic freaks”
to grow massive muscles and
what makes other people
“hard-gainers.


&#
'  +64!
&7  !  ('
'    /89
!#- #&&# ! 
4:;9
     
& '   :89
('  <=9  
  

! 6,&7  
#  09 ('  
  09  
  +
+

!
!
 
 !#) 
 ('
So then the question
becomes, how do you
activate these satellite
cells to increase
muscle growth?


" #( &( 
! (' #
 #&!
! 

!>!&
 ('! 
&!'
#?
&!
!!!&
! ('

" #( &( 
! (' #
 #&!
! 


!>
!& 
('! &
!'##
?
&!
!!!
&! ('

1.$ Muscular tension+ 
&( #'(

  !
! #@
!
'!  

: !(
+A ! !(
 
B!!#!  
!!#! 
 
 >!&


; 

  ' (
! ' &! ('
' #(C
!  +!! 
( #(' &' !  (
'('#&('
*'+& !#&&#+
'#&& (&&
(! '(
+

How Do Hormones A'ect How
Muscles Grow?
!+ ( #& ! 
('& 
( (  #
3 'D3D,<& 
,'DD
'! !!
&!! ('

+&#
&*' 
 !  !
(( !6
71!*&
!  !6
7

 ! ('!
&#(&
!!(-
' &('
3D( !! !
('#(&#
 (( &*&(
&*! ( *
&*  ! (
  ! 
('

Why Muscles Need Rest to Grow
3'&#'?
' #
 &&#
 +
'!#!  #('
&(((D
!!
'!' '! ((
(! 

REFERENCES

< E(':00F'! 
('GH

:  I!I#'AJI!!
!#-#&&#(
(!'  ,
!!# %  #I
&& # :0081<0F.%<K;.,F:H

;  I!!! 
#&&#&& 
(I(J$:0<01:F<0%:8/K,K:
H