An updated list of chironomid species from Italy with biogeographic considerations (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Abstract

In a first list of chironomid species from Italy from 1988, 359 species were recognized. The subfamilies represented were Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironominae. Most of the species were cited as widely distributed in the Palearctic region with few Mediterranean (6), Afrotropical (19) or Panpaleotropical (3) species. The list also included five species previously considered Nearctic. An updated list was thereafter prepared and the number of species raised to 391. Species new to science were added in the following years further raising the number of known species. The list of species known to occur in Italy is now updated to 580, and supported by voucher specimens. Most species have a Palearctic distribution, but many species are distributed in other biogeographical regions; 366 species are in common with the East Palaearctic region, 281 with the Near East, 248 with North Africa, 213 with the Nearctic, 104 with the Oriental, 23 species with the Neotropical, 23 with the Afrotropical, 16 with the Australian region, and 46 species at present are known to occur only in Italy. On the basis of new findings in Italy and in nearby areas it is stated that the knowledge of chironomid fauna is still incomplete.

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Biogeographia – The Journal of Integrative Biogeography 34 (2019): 59–85
An updated list of chironomid species from Italy
with biogeographic considerations (Diptera, Chironomidae)
BRUNO ROSSARO1, NICCOLÒ PIROLA1, LAURA MARZIALI2, GIULIA
MAGOGA1, ANGELA BOGGERO3, MATTEO MONTAGNA1
1 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DiSAA), University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133
Milano (Italy)
2 Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861
Brugherio (MB) (Italy)
3 Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Corso Tonolli 50, 28922
Verbania Pallanza (Italy)
* corresponding author: bruno.rossaro@unimi.it
Keywords: biodiversity, checklist, faunistics, freshwaters, non-biting midges, species list.
SUMMARY
In a first list of chironomid species from Italy from 1988, 359 species were recognized. The
subfamilies represented were Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae and
Chironominae. Most of the species were cited as widely distributed in the Palearctic region with few
Mediterranean (6), Afrotropical (19) or Panpaleotropical (3) species. The list also included five
species previously considered Nearctic. An updated list was thereafter prepared and the number of
species raised to 391. Species new to science were added in the following years further raising the
number of known species. The list of species known to occur in Italy is now updated to 580, and
supported by voucher specimens. Most species have a Palearctic distribution, but many species are
distributed in other biogeographical regions; 366 species are in common with the East Palaearctic
region, 281 with the Near East, 248 with North Africa, 213 with the Nearctic, 104 with the Oriental,
23 species with the Neotropical, 23 with the Afrotropical, 16 with the Australian region, and 46
species at present are known to occur only in Italy. On the basis of new findings in Italy and in nearby
areas it is stated that the knowledge of chironomid fauna is still incomplete.

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INTRODUCTION
Research on Chironomidae in Italy began in
1900 (Bezzi 1918), but with the exception of a
few contributions (Marcuzzi 1949) the study of
chironomids in Italy had a substantial progress
only after the publication of the identification
keys for their aquatic stages, larvae and pupae
(Ferrarese and Rossaro 1981, Rossaro 1982a,
Ferrarese 1983, Nocentini 1985). Information
on species presence and distribution was very
scanty before 1968, grew slowly up to 1976
and, in the following 30 years, the number of
species known from Italy increased steeply. The
list of species belonging to the subfamily of
Orthocladiinae was reviewed by Rossaro (1979,
1992a) and of other subfamilies by Ferrarese
(1982). Thereafter an updated list of species
(Boormann et al. 1995, Ferrarese and Rossaro
2001) had been made available on the website
of the Checklist of the Italian Fauna (URL 1),
but unfortunately, since its publication, the
information present in this website has not been
updated. Meanwhile revisions of some genera
including also the adult stage were carried out
(Rossaro 1992b, Rossaro and Lencioni 2000,
2015, Rossaro et al. 2003, Rossaro 2017,
Rossaro et al. 2017). In addition, the
distribution of chironomids in running waters
(Rossaro et al. 2006) and in glacial areas
(Rossaro et al. 2016) gave other contributions
to the knowledge of Italian fauna. Chironomid
research covers systematic, biogeographic and
ecological problems. Italy is in the centre of the
Mediterranean area, representing a natural
bridge between Central Europe and Africa. In
Italy, several very different water types and
biotopes can be investigated: cold springs,
glacier and alpine streams, large lakes (Garda,
Maggiore, Como), large rivers (Po, Adige,
Ticino, Adda, etc.), Mediterranean streams,
brackish waters (Boggero et al. 2017), and
coastal lakes. A very long list of species is to be
expected and this is indeed the case, although at
present the continuous progress suggests that
chironomid knowledge is still very incomplete
in Italy, as is in other regions including the
relatively well studied West Palaearctic area.
The sampling effort pursued during recent
decades was well below the need to have a
uniform coverage across the country; entire
regions such as Calabria and Basilicata are still
almost unstudied (Fig. 1), while others were
sampled only in very restricted periods
(Sardegna, Sicilia). Only Lombardia, Valle
d’Aosta, Trentino Alto Adige and Abruzzo
were sampled with a reasonable frequency.
Water pollution of domestic and
industrial origin, the capture of springs and the
creation of reservoirs for water supply are
unfavourable factors for the preservation of an
autochthonous, highly diversified fauna and
there is a serious risk that some species will
disappear before being discovered. On the other
hand, many eurytopic and euryoecious species
may be favoured. The large spread of
insecticides and water drainage to fight malaria
in the Mediterranean countries after the Second
World War significantly reduced the species
living in marshes. Global warming with the risk
of total disappearance of glacial areas is also a
very serious matter of concern.
Chironomids are a very ancient group
going back to the Triassic or even earlier
(Cranston et al. 2012) so the possibility of
dispersion in terms of available time was
significant, but the stringent ecological needs of
stenoecious species suggest a rather restricted
distribution with possible endemism and risk of
species extinctions. For this reason,
chironomids provide an excellent system to
study biogeographic questions.
The aim of the present paper is to give
an updated list of the species present in Italy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The list of species is based on determinations of
adult males when available, but some species
are known only on the basis of pupal exuviae;
in fewer cases only the larvae are available.
Samples were collected with hand-nets, light
traps, surface drift nets, and kick samplers
(Rossaro 1982a). Larvae were collected alive in

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61
some sites and reared to adults in the laboratory
under controlled conditions. In laboratory-
reared material, larvae and pupae are associated
with adults; this procedure is highly
recommended, but requires a lot of
experimental effort.
Figure 1. Location of sampling sites in Italy. Only
the sites sampled most intensely are indicated. 1.
Cold springs and glacial streams in Veny valley
(Valle d'Aosta). 2. River Po near Trino Vercellese
and Casale Monferrato (Piemonte). 3. River
Ticino near Turbigo and Boffalora (Lombardia). 4.
Springs near Milano, called "fontanili" and the
River Lambro (Lombardia). 5. Prealpine streams
near Bergamo (Brembo and Serio) (Lombardia). 6.
Ortles-Adamello mountain group sites; many
different biotopes, including springs, streams,
small lakes, glacial streams (Lombardia,
Trentino). 7. Stream Travignolo near Paneveggio
(Trentino). 8. River Tagliamento (Friuli). 9. River
Bormida (Piemonte). 10. River Po between
Piacenza and Cremona (Emilia Romagna). 11.
Mantova lakes, along the River Mincio
(Lombardia). 12. River Taro and other streams on
the northern side of the northern Apennines
(Emilia Romagna). 13. Springs in isle of Elba
(Toscana). 14. River Potenza near Macerata
(Marche). 15. River Aso near San Benedetto del
Tronto (Marche). 16. Rivers Nera, Velino (Lazio).
17. Springs in Roma (Lazio). 18. River Aterno
(Abruzzo). 19. Springs and streams in Parco
Nazionale d'Abruzzo (Abruzzo). 20. Lake Occhito
reservoir between Molise and Puglia, and the
River Fortore (Molise). 21. Rivers Sele, Tanagro
(Campania). 22. Salterns near Lecce (Puglia). 23.
Cedrino and other small streams in northern
Sardegna. 24. Lake Bidighinzu reservoir
(Sardegna). 25. Rio Mannu and brackish waters in
southern Sardegna. 26. Nebrodi springs (Sicilia).
27. Lake Dirillo reservoir (Sicilia).
The species identified were mounted on
slides according to Wirth and Marston (1968)
and Rossaro et al. (2017). Most of the slides are
deposited in the corresponding author’s
(Rossaro) personal collection. Some voucher
specimens are deposited in the Ferrarese
personal collection and at the Museo delle
Scienze (Trento), Sergentia sp. is deposited in
the CNR IRSA (Verbania Pallanza) collection
and H. mediterraneus is deposited in the
Senckenberg Naturmuseum Frankfurt
(Germany) (Hirvenoja 1973).
Sampling efforts were made in different
Italian regions, but Lombardia has been the
most intensively sampled. The sites in which
the most intensive sampling was carried out are
shown in Figure 1, but sampling was carried
out also in many other sites. Each sampling site
can include many different stations and covers a
large area. In some sampling sites, as in Ortles-
Adamello (6), River Po (10), River Taro (12),
Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo (19) (see Figure 1),
captures were made throughout the year. Sites
sampled only at intervals are not reported in
Figure 1.
On the checklist, species names are
given as reported in Fauna Europaea (de Jong et
al. 2014), following the nomenclature rules
proposed by Spies and Sæther (2004). In the
cases in which Fauna Europaea names were
updated by more recent publications, the new
names are given, for example the genus
Paratrichocladius Santos-Abreu, 1918 is now

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considered a subgenus of Cricotopus van der
Wulp, 1874 (Cranston and Krosh 2015).
Table 1. Checklist of the chironomid species
currently known from Italy, divided by Subfamily
(with all capital letters) and Tribe (in initial capital
letter).
TELMATOGETONINAE
Thalassomya frauenfeldi Schiner, 1856
PODONOMINAE
Podonomini
Parochlus kiefferi (Garrett, 1925)
Boreochlini
Paraboreochlus minutissimus (Strobl, 1894)
TANYPODINAE
Clinotanypodini
Clinotanypus nervosus (Meigen, 1818)
Tanypodini
Tanypus (Tanypus) kraatzi (Kieffer, 1912)
Tanypus (Tanypus) punctipennis Meigen, 1818
Tanypus (Tanypus) vilipennis (Kieffer, 1918)
Procladiini
Procladius (Holotanypus) choreus (Meigen, 1804)
Procladius (Holotanypus) culiciformis (Linnæus, 1767)
Procladius (Holotanypus) freemani Sublette, 1964
Procladius (Holotanypus) Pe 4 sensu Langton, 1991
Procladius (Holotanypus) sagittalis (Kieffer, 1909)
Procladius (Holotanypus) denticulatus Sublette, 1964
Procladius (Holotanypus) tatrensis Gowin, 1944
Procladius (Psilotanypus) sp. A sensu Kieffer, 1906
Macropelopiini
Apsectrotanypus trifascipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Macropelopia adaucta Kieffer, 1916
Macropelopia fehlmanni (Kieffer, 1912)
Macropelopia fittkaui Ferrarese & Ceretti, 1987
Macropelopia nebulosa (Meigen, 1804)
Macropelopia notata (Meigen, 1818)
Macropelopia rossaroi Lencioni & Marziali, 2005
Psectrotanypus varius (Fabricius, 1787)
Natarsiini
Natarsia nugax (Walker, 1856)
Natarsia punctata (Fabricius, 1805)
Pentaneurini
Telmatopelopia nemorum (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) aspera (Roback, 1959)
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) longistyla Fittkau, 1962
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) mallochi (Walley, 1925)
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) monilis (Linnæus, 1758)
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) phatta (Egger, 1864)
Hayesomyia tripunctata (Goetghebuer, 1922)
Xenopelopia falcigera (Kieffer, 1912)
Telopelopia fascigera (Verneaux, 1970)
Thienemannimyia carnea (Fabricius, 1805)
Thienemannimyia lentiginosa (Fries, 1823)
Thienemannimyia geijskesi (Goetghebuer, 1934)
Thienemannimyia laeta (Meigen, 1818)
Thienemannimyia northumbrica (Edwards, 1929)
Thienemannimyia vitellina (Kieffer In Thienemann &
Kieffer, 1916)
Thienemannimyia woodi (Edwards, 1929)
Trissopelopia longimanus (Stäger, 1839)
Krenopelopia sp. A Alpen sensu Fittkau, 1962
Krenopelopia binotata (Wiedemann, 1817)
Guttipelopia guttipennis (van der Wulp, 1861)
Monopelopia tenuicalcar (Kieffer, 1918)
Paramerina cingulata (Walker, 1856)
Paramerina divisa (Walker, 1856)
Paramerina sp. A Griechenland sensu Fittkau, 1962
Paramerina sp. B Dolomiten sensu Ferrarese, 1982
Zavrelimyia barbatipes (Kieffer, 1911)
Zavrelimyia berberi Fittkau, 1962
Zavrelimyia hirtimanus (Kieffer, 1918)
Zavrelimyia melanura (Meigen, 1804)
Zavrelimyia nubila (Meigen, 1818)
Zavrelimyia punctatissima (Goetghebuer, 1934)
Zavrelimyia signatipennis (Kieffer, 1924)
Larsia atrocincta (Goetghebuer, 1942)
Labrundinia longipalpis (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Pentaneurella katterjokki Fittkau & Murray, 1983
Nilotanypus dubius (Meigen, 1804)
Conchapelopia pallidula (Meigen, 1818)
Conchapelopia viator (Kieffer, 1911)
Rheopelopia maculipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Rheopelopia ornata (Meigen, 1838)
Rheopelopia perda (Roback, 1971)
Schineriella schineri (Strobl, 1880)
Arctopelopia sp. A sensu Ferrarese, 1995
Arctopelopia griseipennis (van der Wulp, 1859)
Arctopelopia barbitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1850)
BUCHONOMYIINAE
Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau, 1955
DIAMESINAE
Protanypodini
Protanypus sp. A sensu Kieffer, 1906
Boreoheptagyiini
Boreoheptagyia alpicola Serra-Tosio, 1989
Boreoheptagyia ortladamellica Rossaro, 2017
Boreoheptagyia legeri (Goetghebuer, 1933)
Boreoheptagyia monticola Serra-Tosio, 1964
Boreoheptagyia rotunda Serra-Tosio, 1983
Diamesini
Pseudodiamesa branickii (Nowicki, 1873)
Pseudodiamesa nivosa (Goetghebuer, 1928)
Syndiamesa edwardsi (Pagast, 1947)
Syndiamesa nigra Rossaro, 1980
Diamesa dampfi (Kieffer, 1924)
Diamesa permacra (Walker, 1856)
Diamesa aberrata Lundbeck, 1898
Diamesa incallida (Walker, 1856)
Diamesa bertrami Edwards, 1935
Diamesa nowickiana Kownacki & Kownacka, 1975
Diamesa martae Kownacki & Kownacka, 1980
Diamesa longipes Goetghebuer, 1941
Diamesa goetghebueri Pagast, 1947
Diamesa lindrothi Goetghebuer, 1931
Diamesa latitarsis (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Diamesa modesta Serra-Tosio, 1967
Diamesa laticauda Serra-Tosio, 1964
Diamesa wuelkeri Serra-Tosio, 1964

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Diamesa insignipes Kieffer in Kieffer & Thienemann, 1908
Diamesa sp. A sensu Rossaro, 1981
Diamesa cinerella Meigen In Gistl, 1835
Diamesa tonsa (Walker, 1856)
Diamesa vaillanti Serra-Tosio, 1972
Diamesa zernyi Edwards, 1933
Diamesa steinboecki Goetghebuer, 1933
Diamesa starmachi Kownacki & Kownacka, 1970
Pseudokiefferiella parva (Edwards, 1932)
Sympotthastia spinifera Serra-Tosio, 1968
Sympotthastia zavreli Pagast, 1947
Potthastia gaedii (Meigen, 1838)
Potthastia longimanus (Kieffer, 1922)
PRODIAMESINAE
Monodiamesa bathyphila (Kieffer, 1918)
Odontomesa fulva (Kieffer, 1919)
Prodiamesa sp. A sensu Kieffer, 1906
Prodiamesa olivacea (Meigen, 1818)
Prodiamesa rufovittata Goetghebuer, 1932
ORTHOCLADIINAE
Dratnalia potamophylaxi Fittkau & Lellák In Lellák, 1971
Diplocladius cultriger Kieffer, 1908
Brillia longifurca Kieffer, 1921
Brillia bifida (Kieffer, 1909)
Euryhapsis annuliventris Malloch, 1915
Cardiocladius fuscus Kieffer, 1924
Cardiocladius capucinus (Zetterstedt, 1850)
Tvetenia bavarica (Goetghebuer, 1934)
Tvetenia calvescens (Edwards, 1929)
Tvetenia discoloripes (Goetghebuer In Thienemann, 1936)
Tvetenia verralli (Edwards, 1929)
Tokunagaia tonollii Rossaro, 1983
Tokunagaia rectangularis (Goetghebuer, 1940)
Eukiefferiella pseudomontana Goetghebuer, 1935
Eukiefferiella ancyla Svensson, 1986
Eukiefferiella brehmi Gouin, 1943
Eukiefferiella clypeata (Kieffer, 1923)
Eukiefferiella cyanea Thienemann & Harnisch, 1936
Eukiefferiella dittmari Lehmann, 1972
Eukiefferiella gracei (Edwards, 1929)
Eukiefferiella coerulescens (Kieffer In Zavrel, 1926)
Eukiefferiella ilkleyensis (Edwards, 1929)
Eukiefferiella devonica (Edwards, 1929)
Eukiefferiella minor (Edwards, 1929)
Eukiefferiella fittkaui Lehmann, 1972
Eukiefferiella brevicalcar (Kieffer, 1911)
Eukiefferiella claripennis (Lundbeck, 1890)
Eukiefferiella fuldensis Fittkau, 1954
Eukiefferiella lobifera Goetghebuer, 1934
Eukiefferiella tirolensis Goetghebuer, 1938
Heterotanytarsus apicalis (Kieffer, 1921)
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) brehmi Kieffer, 1923
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) sordidellus (Zetterstedt,
1838)
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) bisetus Goetghebuer, 1942
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) limbatellus (Holmgren,
1869)
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) octomaculatus Wülker,
1956
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) psilopterus (Kieffer, 1906)
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) schlienzi Wülker, 1956
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) oligosetus Wülker, 1953
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) oxyura Langton, 1985
Psectrocladius (Allopsectrocladius) obvious (Walker, 1856)
Psectrocladius (Allopsectrocladius) platypus (Edwards,
1929)
Rheocricotopus sp. A sensu Thienemann & Harnisch, 1932
Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) atripes (Kieffer, 1913)
Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) gallicus Lehmann, 1969
Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) glabricollis (Meigen,
1830)
Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) chalybeatus (Edwards,
1929)
Rheocricotopus (Rheocricotopus) effusus (Walker, 1856)
Rheocricotopus (Rheocricotopus) fuscipes Kieffer, 1909
Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913)
Nanocladius sp. A sensu Kieffer, 1913
Nanocladius balticus (Palmén, 1959)
Nanocladius dichromus (Kieffer, 1906)
Nanocladius rectinervis (Kieffer, 1911)
Parorthocladius nudipennis (Kieffer, 1908)
Synorthocladius semivirens (Kieffer, 1909)
Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) fuscimanus (Kieffer in
Kieffer & Thienemann, 1908)
Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) gelidus Kieffer, 1922
Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) priomixtus Sæther, 2004
Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) olivaceus Kieffer, 1911
Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) ashei Soponis, 1990
Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) luteipes Goetghebuer, 1938
Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) rivicola Kieffer, 1921
Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) rivulorum Kieffer, 1909
Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) saxosus (Tokunaga, 1939)
Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) thienemanni Kieffer, 1906
Orthocladius (Mesorthocladius) frigidus (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Orthocladius (Mesorthocladius) vaillanti Cranston, 1991
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) excavatus Brundin, 1956
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) glabripennis (Goetghebuer,
1921)
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) marchettii Rossaro & Prato,
1991
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) oblidens (Walker, 1856)
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) pedestris Kieffer, 1909
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) rhyacobius Kieffer, 1911
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) rivinus Kieffer, 1915
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) rubicundus (Meigen, 1818)
Orthocladius (Orthocladius) wetterensis Brundin, 1956
Orthocladius (Symposiocladius) lignicola Kieffer, 1914
Orthocladius (Symposiocladius) ruffoi Rossaro & Prato,
1991
Acricotopus lucens (Zetterstedt, 1850)
Paracladius alpicola (Zetterstedt, 1850)
Paracladius conversus (Walker, 1856)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) guidalii (Rossaro, 1990)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) micans (Kieffer, 1918)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) nivalis (Goetghebuer, 1938)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) osellai (Rossaro, 1990)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) skirwithensis (Edwards,
1929)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) veronicae (Rossaro, 1992)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) pierfrancescoi (Rossaro,
1991)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) lanzavecchiai (Rossaro,
1990)
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) rufiviventris (Meigen,
1830)
Halocladius (Halocladius) varians (Stäger, 1839)

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Halocladius (Halocladius) millenarius (Santos Abreu,
1918)
Halocladius (Halocladius) mediterraneus Hirvenoja, 1973
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) gelidus (Kieffer, 1922)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) tibialis (Meigen, 1804)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) algarum (Kieffer, 1911)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) fuscus (Kieffer, 1924)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) gr. fuscus sp. A sensu van der
Wulp, 1874
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) Pe 8 sensu Langton, 1991
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) pirifer Hirvenoja, 1973
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) curtus Hirvenoja, 1973
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) pulchripes Verrall, 1912
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) tremulus (Linnæus, 1756)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) gr tremulus sensu van der Wulp,
1874
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) tristis Hirvenoja, 1973
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) sp. A sensu van der Wulp, 1874
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) annulator Goetghebuer, 1927
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) triannulatus Edwards, 1922
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) cylindraceus (Kieffer in Kieffer &
Thienemann, 1908)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) albiforceps (Kieffer, 1916)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) festivellus (Kieffer, 1906)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) vierriensis Goetghebuer, 1935
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bicinctus (Meigen, 1818)
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) trifascia Edwards, 1929
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) Pe 1 sensu Langton, 1991
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) levantinus Moubayed &
Hirvenoja, 1986
Cricotopus (Isocladius) sylvestris (Fabricius, 1794)
Cricotopus (Isocladius) trifasciatus (Meigen In Panzer,
1813)
Cricotopus (Isocladius) reversus Hirvenoja, 1973
Cricotopus (Isocladius) intersectus (Stäger, 1839)
Cricotopus (Isocladius) laricomalis Edwards, 1932
Cricotopus (Isocladius) obnixus (Walker, 1856)
Cricotopus (Isocladius) brevipalpis Kieffer, 1909
Hydrobaenus dentistylus Moubayed, 1985
Hydrobaenus conformis Holmgren, 1869
Hydrobaenus distylus (Kieffer, 1915)
Zalutschia megastyla (Shilova, 1971)
Zalutschia tatrica (Pagast In Zavrel & Pagast, 1935)
Metriocnemus eurynotus (Holmgren, 1883)
Metriocnemus fuscipes (Meigen, 1818)
Metriocnemus ursinus (Holmgren, 1869)
Thienemannia sp. A sensu Kieffer, 1909
Thienemannia gracilis Kieffer, 1909
Chaetocladius aedeagolobatus Rossaro, 2017
Chaetocladius dentiforceps (Edwards, 1929)
Chaetocladius dissipatus (Edwards, 1929)
Chaetocladius gelidus Brundin, 1956
Chaetocladius gracilis Brundin, 1956
Chaetocladius grandilobus Brundin, 1956
Chaetocladius holmgreni (Jacobson, 1898)
Chaetocladius laminatus Brundin, 1947
Chaetocladius melaleucus (Meigen, 1830)
Chaetocladius perennis (Meigen, 1830)
Chaetocladius piger (Goetghebuer, 1913)
Chaetocladius subalpinus Rossaro, 2017
Chaetocladius suecicus (Kieffer In Thienemann & Kieffer,
1916)
Chaetocladius ticinoi Rossaro, 2017
Chaetocladius valdostanus Rossaro, 2017
Paratrissocladius excerptus Gouin In Gouin &
Thienemann, 1942
Heterotrissocladius grimshawi (Edwards, 1929)
Heterotrissocladius maereri Brundin, 1949
Heterotrissocladius marcidus (Walker, 1856)
Parametriocnemus sp. A sensu Goetghebuer, 1932
Parametriocnemus boreoalpinus Gouin In Gouin &
Thienemann, 1942
Parametriocnemus stylatus (Kieffer, 1924)
Psilometriocnemus sp. A sensu Sæther, 1969
Psilometriocnemus europeus Tuiskunen, 1985
Paraphaenocladius sp. A sensu Thienemann, 1924
Paraphaenocladius impensus (Walker, 1856)
Paraphaenocladius irritus (Walker, 1856)
Parakiefferiella bathophila (Kieffer, 1912)
Parakiefferiella dentifera Wülker, 1957
Parakiefferiella gracillima (Kieffer, 1924)
Parakiefferiella wuelkeri Moubayed, 1994
Epoicocladius ephemerae Kieffer, 1924
Krenosmittia boreoalpina (Goetghebuer, 1944)
Krenosmittia camptophleps (Edwards, 1929)
Krenosmittia hispanica Wülker, 1957
Acamptocladius reissi Cranston & Saether, 1981
Stilocladius montanus Rossaro, 1979
Rheosmittia spinicornis (Brundin, 1956)
Heleniella dorieri Serra-Tosio, 1967
Heleniella ornaticollis (Edwards, 1929)
Heleniella serratosioi Ringe, 1976
Parachaetocladius abnobaeus Wülker, 1959
Limnophyes aagardii Sæther, 1985
Limnophyes algerinus Marcuzzi, 1950
Limnophyes asquamatus Andersen, 1937
Limnophyes bidumus Sæther, 1985
Limnophyes difficilis Brundin, 1947
Limnophyes madeirae Sæther, 1985
Limnophyes minimus (Meigen, 1818)
Limnophyes natalensis Kieffer, 1914
Limnophyes pentaplastus (Kieffer, 1921)
Limnophyes spinigus Sæther, 1985
Paralimnophyes longiseta (Thienemann, 1919)
Pseudorthocladius sp. A sensu Goetghebuer & Lenz, 1943
Pseudorthocladius curtistylus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Pseudorthocladius uniserratus Sæther & Sublette, 1983
Gymnometriocnemus (Gymnometriocnemus) subnudus
(Edwards, 1929)
Gymnometriocnemus (Rhaphidocladius) brumalis
(Edwards, 1929)
Bryophaenocladius femineus (Edwards, 1929)
Bryophaenocladius flexidens (Brundin, 1947)
Bryophaenocladius ictericus (Meigen, 1830)
Bryophaenocladius illimbatus (Edwards, 1929)
Bryophaenocladius inconstans (Brundin, 1947)
Bryophaenocladius nidorum (Edwards, 1929)
Bryophaenocladius scanicus (Edwards, 1929)
Bryophaenocladius subvernalis (Edwards, 1929)
Bryophaenocladius tuberculatus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Bryophaenocladius vernalis (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Bryophaenocladius xanthogyne (Edwards, 1929)
Parasmittia carinata Strenzke, 1950
Georthocladius luteicornis (Goetghebuer, 1941)
Symbiocladius rhithrogenae Kieffer In Zavrel, 1925
Smittia sp. A sensu Holmgren, 1869
Smittia abruzzae Rossaro & Lencioni, 2000
Smittia alpicola Goetghebuer, 1941

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65
Smittia alpilonga Rossaro & Lencioni, 2000
Smittia amoena Caspers, 1988
Smittia aterrima (Meigen, 1818)
Smittia edwardsi (Kieffer, 1818)
Smittia foliosa (Kieffer, 1921)
Smittia leucopogon (Meigen, 1804)
Smittia nudipennis (Goetghebuer, 1913)
Smittia pratorum (Goetghebuer, 1927)
Smittia rostrata Goetghebuer In Schmölzer, 1962
Smittia scutellosetosa Caspers, 1989
Smittia vesparum Goetghebuer, 1921
Smittia stercoraria Rossaro & Lencioni, 2000
Thalassosmittia thalassophila (Bequärt & Goetghebuer,
1913)
Clunio marinus Haliday, 1855
Camptocladius stercorarius (De Geer, 1776)
Mesosmittia flexuella (Edwards, 1929)
Prosmittia verae Krashennikov & Makarchenko, 2008
Pseudosmittia angusta Serra-Tosio, 1964
Pseudosmittia danconai Marcuzzi, 1947
Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Pseudosmittia gracilis (Kieffer In Potthast, 1913)
Pseudosmittia holsata Thienemann & Strenzke, 1940
Pseudosmittia mathildae Albu, 1968
Pseudosmittia trilobata (Edwards, 1929)
Allocladius longicrus (Kieffer, 1921)
Hydrosmittia brevicornis Kieffer, 1909
Hydrosmittia oxoniana (Kieffer, 1922)
Hydrosmittia ruttneri Strenzke & Thienemann, 1942
Hydrosmittia spinata Zhang, Liu, Ferrington & Wang, 2016
Thienemanniella clavicornis (Kieffer, 1911)
Thienemanniella flavescens Sasa, 1984
Thienemanniella majuscula (Edwards, 1924)
Thienemanniella vittata (Edwards, 1924)
Thienemanniella sp. A sensu Edwards, 1924
Thienemanniella sp. B sensu Edwards, 1924
Corynoneura arctica Winnertz, 1852
Corynoneura celtica Edwards, 1924
Corynoneura coronata Edwards, 1924
Corynoneura edwardsi Brundin, 1949
Corynoneura gratias Schlee, 1968
Corynoneura fittkaui Schlee, 1968
Corynoneura lacustris Edwards, 1924
Corynoneura lobata Edwards, 1924
Corynoneura scutellata Winnertz, 1846
CHIRONOMINAE
Tanytarsini (Stempellinina)
Zavrelia pentatoma Kieffer In Bause, 1913
Zavreliella marmorata (van der Wulp, 1858)
Neozavrelia fuldensis Fittkau, 1954
Stempellinella flavidula Edwards, 1929
Stempellinella edwardsi Spies & Sæther, 2004
Stempellina bausei (Kieffer, 1911)
Constempellina brevicosta (Edwards, 1937)
Tanytarsini (Tanytarsina)
Tanytarsus bathophilus Kieffer, 1911
Tanytarsus brundini Lindeberg, 1963
Tanytarsus buchonius Reiss & Fittkau, 1971
Tanytarsus chinyensis Goetghebuer, 1934
Tanytarsus cretensis Reiss, 1987
Tanytarsus curticornis Kieffer, 1911
Tanytarsus ejuncidus (Walker, 1856)
Tanytarsus eminulus (Walker, 1856)
Tanytarsus excavatus Edwards, 1929
Tanytarsus gibbosiceps Kieffer, 1922
Tanytarsus gracilentus (Holmgren, 1883)
Tanytarsus gregarius Kieffer, 1909
Tanytarsus heusdensis Goetghebuer, 1923
Tanytarsus inaequalis Goetghebuer, 1921
Tanytarsus lestagei Goetghebuer, 1922
Tanytarsus mendax Kieffer, 1925
Tanytarsus miriforceps (Kieffer, 1921)
Tanytarsus nemorosus Edwards, 1929
Tanytarsus nigricollis Goetghebuer, 1939
Tanytarsus palettaris Verneaux, 1969
Tanytarsus pallidicornis (Walker, 1856)
Tanytarsus Pe 23 sensu Langton, 1991
Tanytarsus signatus (van der Wulp, 1858)
Tanytarsus sinuatus Goetghebuer In Thienemann, 1936
Tanytarsus sylvaticus (van der Wulp, 1858)
Tanytarsus usmaensis Pagast, 1931
Tanytarsus volgensis Miseiko, 1967
Virgatanytarsus albisutus (Santos Abreu, 1918)
Virgatanytarsus arduennensis (Goetghebuer, 1922)
Virgatanytarsus triangularis (Goetghebuer, 1928)
Cladotanytarsus atridorsum Kieffer, 1924
Cladotanytarsus mancus (Walker, 1856)
Cladotanytarsus nigrovittatus (Goetghebuer, 1922)
Cladotanytarsus vanderwulpi (Edwards, 1929)
Rheotanytarsus ringei Fittkau, 1960
Rheotanytarsus curtistylus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Rheotanytarsus nigricauda Fittkau, 1960
Rheotanytarsus pellucidus (Walker, 1848)
Rheotanytarsus pentapoda (Kieffer, 1909)
Rheotanytarsus photophilus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Rheotanytarsus reissi Lehmann, 1970
Rheotanytarsus rhenanus Klink, 1983
Paratanytarsus sp. A sensu Thienemann & Bause, 1913
Paratanytarsus austriacus (Kieffer In Albrecht, 1924)
Paratanytarsus bituberculatus (Edwards, 1929)
Paratanytarsus corsicanus Moubayed-Breil, Ashe &
Langton, 2012
Paratanytarsus dissimilis (Johannsen, 1905)
Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider, 1885)
Paratanytarsus hyperboreus Brundin, 1949
Paratanytarsus inopertus (Walker, 1856)
Paratanytarsus laccophilus (Edwards, 1929)
Paratanytarsus laetipes (Meigen, 1830)
Paratanytarsus lauterborni (Kieffer, 1909)
Paratanytarsus mediterraneus Reiss & Sawedal, 1981
Paratanytarsus natvigi (Goetghebuer, 1933)
Paratanytarsus penicillatus (Goetghebuer, 1928)
Paratanytarsus tenellulus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Paratanytarsus tenuis (Meigen, 1830)
Micropsectra appendica Stur & Ekrem, 2006
Micropsectra apposita (Walker, 1856)
Micropsectra aristata Pinder, 1976
Micropsectra atrofasciata (Kieffer, 1911)
Micropsectra attenuata Reiss, 1969
Micropsectra auvergnensis Reiss, 1969
Micropsectra bavarica Stur & Ekrem, 2006
Micropsectra calcifontis Stur & Ekrem, 2006
Micropsectra clastrieri Reiss, 1969
Micropsectra insignilobus Kieffer, 1924
Micropsectra junci (Meigen, 1818)
Micropsectra lindrothi Goetghebuer In Goetghebuer &
Lindroth, 1931

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Micropsectra longicrista Stur & Ekrem, 2006
Micropsectra notescens (Walker, 1856)
Micropsectra pallidula (Meigen, 1830)
Micropsectra pharetrophora Fittkau & Reiss, 1998
Micropsectra radialis Goetghebuer, 1939
Micropsectra recurvata Goetghebuer, 1928
Micropsectra schrankelae Stur & Ekrem, 2006
Micropsectra seguyi Casas & Laville, 1990
Micropsectra sophiae Stur & Ekrem, 2006
Micropsectra zernyi Marcuzzi, 1950
Micropsectra nana (Meigen, 1818)
Micropsectra fallax (Reiss, 1969)
Micropsectra styriaca (Reiss, 1969)
Pseudochironomini
Pseudochironomus prasinatus (Stäger, 1839)
Chironomini
Genus near Paratendipes Kieffer, 1911
Paratendipes albimanus (Meigen, 1818)
Paratendipes nubilus (Meigen, 1830)
Paratendipes nudisquama Edwards, 1929
Paratendipes plebejus (Meigen, 1818)
Microtendipes britteni (Edwards, 1929)
Microtendipes chloris (Meigen, 1818)
Microtendipes diffinis (Edwards, 1929)
Microtendipes pedellus (De Geer, 1776)
Microtendipes rydalensis (Edwards, 1929)
Nilothauma brayi (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Lauterborniella agrayloides (Kieffer, 1911)
Paralauterborniella nigrohalteralis (Malloch, 1915)
Pagastiella orophila (Edwards, 1929)
Sergentia sp. A sensu Kieffer, 1922
Phaenopsectra flavipes (Meigen, 1818)
Phaenopsectra punctipes (Wiedemann, 1817)
Polypedilum (Uresipedilum) convictum (Walker, 1856)
Polypedilum (Uresipedilum) cultellatum Goetghebuer, 1931
Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nubens (Edwards, 1929)
Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) sordens (van der Wulp, 1874)
Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) tritum (Walker, 1856)
Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) uncinatum (Goetghebuer,
1921)
Polypedilum (Tripodura) acifer Townes, 1945
Polypedilum (Tripodura) aegyptium Kieffer, 1925
Polypedilum (Tripodura) apfelbecki (Strobl, 1901)
Polypedilum (Tripodura) bicrenatum Kieffer, 1921
Polypedilum (Tripodura) pullum (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Polypedilum (Tripodura) quadriguttatum Kieffer, 1921
Polypedilum (Tripodura) scalaenum (Schrank, 1803)
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) acutum Kieffer, 1915
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) albicorne (Meigen, 1838)
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) laetum (Meigen, 1818)
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) lene Becker, 1908
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804)
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubifer (Skuse, 1889)
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) pedestre (Meigen, 1830)
Polypedilum sp. A sensu Kieffer, 1912
Lipiniella araenicola Shilova, 1961
Endochironomus albipennis (Meigen, 1830)
Endochironomus tendens (Fabricius, 1775)
Synendotendipes dispar (Meigen, 1830)
Synendotendipes impar (Walker, 1856)
Stictochironomus maculipennis (Meigen, 1818)
Stictochironomus pictulus (Meigen, 1830)
Stenochironomus (Stenochironomus) gibbus (Fabricius,
1794)
Stenochironomus (Stenochironomus) ranzii Rossaro, 1982
Stenochironomus (Stenochironomus) spatuliger Kieffer,
1922
Fleuria lacustris Kieffer, 1924
Dicrotendipes lobiger (Kieffer, 1921)
Dicrotendipes nervosus (Stäger, 1839)
Dicrotendipes notatus (Meigen, 1818)
Dicrotendipes peringueyanus (Kieffer, 1924)
Dicrotendipes pulsus (Walker, 1856)
Dicrotendipes tritomus (Kieffer In Thienemann & Kieffer,
1916)
Glyptotendipes (Caulochironomus) foliicola Kieffer, 1918
Glyptotendipes (Caulochironomus) imbecilis (Walker,
1856)
Glyptotendipes (Heynotendipes) signatus (Kieffer, 1909)
Glyptotendipes (Glyptotendipes) cauliginellus (Kieffer,
1913)
Glyptotendipes (Glyptotendipes) pallens (Meigen, 1804)
Glyptotendipes (Glyptotendipes) paripes (Edwards, 1929)
Benthalia carbonaria (Meigen, 1804)
Chironomus (Lobochironomus) dorsalis Meigen, 1818
Chironomus (Chironomus) tentans Fabricius, 1805
Chironomus (Camptochironomus) sp. A sensu Malloch,
1915
Chironomus (Chironomus) alpestris Goetghebuer, 1934
Chironomus (Chironomus) sp. A sensu Meigen, 1803
Chironomus (Chironomus) annularius Meigen, 1818
Chironomus (Chironomus) acerbiphilus Tokunaga, 1939
Chironomus (Chironomus) anthracinus Zetterstedt, 1860
Chironomus (Chironomus) venustus Pinder, 1978
Chironomus (Chironomus) aprilinus Meigen, 1818
Chironomus (Chironomus) calipterus Kieffer, 1908
Chironomus (Chironomus) luridus Strenzke, 1959
Chironomus (Chironomus) melanotus Keyl, 1961
Chironomus (Chironomus) obtusidens Goetghebuer, 1921
Chironomus (Chironomus) plumosus (Linnæus, 1758)
Chironomus (Chironomus) riparius Meigen, 1804
Chironomus (Chironomus) salinarius Kieffer in
Thienemann, 1915
Chironomus (Chironomus) lugubris Zetterstedt, 1850
Chironomus (Chironomus) prasinus Meigen, 1804
Chironomus (Chironomus) pseudothummi Strenzke, 1959
Kiefferulus tendipediformis (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Kloosia pusilla (Linnæus, 1767)
Baeotendipes noctivagus (Kieffer, 1911)
Einfeldia pagana (Meigen, 1838)
Xenochironomus xenolabis (Kieffer, 1916)
Cyphomella cornea Sæther, 1977
Cladopelma bicarinatum (Brundin, 1947)
Cladopelma edwardsi (Kruseman, 1933)
Cladopelma virescens (Meigen, 1818)
Cladopelma viridulum (Linnæus, 1767)
Cryptotendipes holsatus Lenz, 1959
Cryptotendipes pseudotener (Goetghebuer, 1922)
Microchironomus tener (Kieffer, 1818)
Parachironomus gracilior (Kieffer, 1918)
Parachironomus biannulatus (Stäger, 1939)
Parachironomus cinctellus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Parachironomus frequens (Johannsen, 1905)
Parachironomus parilis (Walker, 1856)
Parachironomus monochromus Lenz, 1921
Parachironomus varus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Parachironomus vitiosus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
Acalcarella sp. A sensu Shilova, 1955

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Paracladopelma nigritulum Goetghebuer, 1942
Paracladopelma laminatum (Kieffer, 1921)
Paracladopelma mikianum (Goetghebuer in Goetghebuer &
Lenz, 1937)
Paracladopelma camptolabis (Kieffer, 1913)
Beckidia tethys (Townes, 1945)
Beckidia zabolotzskyi (Goetghebuer, 1938)
Harnischia angularis Albu & Botnariuc, 1966
Harnischia curtilamellata (Malloch, 1915)
Harnischia fuscimanus (Kieffer, 1921)
Cryptochironomus albofasciatus (Stäger, 1839)
Cryptochironomus defectus (Kieffer, 1913)
Cryptochironomus obreptans (Walker, 1856)
Cryptochironomus rostratus Kieffer, 1921
Cryptochironomus supplicans (Meigen, 1830)
Saetheria reissi Jackson, 1977
Chernovskiia macrocera Sæther, 1977
Robackia demeijrei (Kruseman, 1933)
Robackia sp. A sensu Sæther, 1977
Demicryptochironomus vulneratus (Zetterstedt, 1838)
RESULTS
A total of 580 species are now known to occur
in Italy (Table 1, Table 2) and their
distributions in Europe and in areas outside
Europe are cited on the Fauna Europaea website
(de Jong et al. 2014, URL 5). Other 28 species
were previously cited as occurring in Italy
(Boormann et al. 1995, Ferrarese and Rossaro
2001), but at present we consider these species
as misidentifications.
The discussion about the distribution of
species is based on the information present in
the Fauna Europaea website (URL 5), but this
information has been updated considering
contributions published later (Bitušík and
Trnková 2019).
Most of the species of the Italian fauna
are widespread in the Palearctic region, only
some of them have more restricted areas of
distribution. As expected the majority of the
species are shared with nearby European
countries (483 with Germany, 463 with France,
436 with Austria, 411 with the British Isles, 409
with The Netherlands, 368 with Spain, 365 with
Sweden, 347 with Ireland, and 345 with
Poland).
Outside of Europe, 366 species are
shared with the East Palaearctic region, 281
with the near East, 248 with North Africa, 213
with the Nearctic Region, 104 with the Oriental
region, 23 with the Neotropical region, 23 with
the Afrotropical, and 16 with the Australian
region. Interestingly, 46 species are known to
occur only in Italy.
It is well accepted that chironomid
species distribution can be explained both by
ecological and by biogeographical reasons.
Cold-stenothermal species are restricted to
highlands (most Diamesinae and a part of
Orthocladiinae): species belonging to these two
subfamilies are widespread in the Alps (Region
4) (Illies 1978, Fittkau and Reiss 1978, Griffith
2006), and many of them are also present in
cold countries of Northern Europe. For some
species a boreo-alpine vicariance has been
proposed: Diamesa arctica (Boheman, 1865) is
restricted to Scandinavia, while D.
goetghebueri to the Alps, but new findings such
as the presence of D. lindrothi in the Alps,
contradicted the hypothesis that this species
was restricted to the Arctic. Many species
found in the Alps are not present in the
Apennines, this is likely linked to the lack of
glaciers in the latter (Rossaro et al. 2006).
The progress of knowledge in recent
decades has been intensive. Three species
(Syndiamesa nigra, Tokunagaia tonollii and
Stilocladius montanus) were first reported as
present only on the southern side of the Italian
Alps, but not on the northern one (Rossaro
1988); S. montanus was also cited as present in
the Apennines (Rossaro 1984). This supported
the existence of cold-stenothermal species with
an endemic distribution on the southern side of
the Alps or with a wider southern distribution.
To support this hypothesis it was observed that
there were other cold-stenothermal species in
the Mediterranean area belonging to the cold-
stenothermal genus Diamesa (Rossaro and
Lencioni 2015, Montagna et al. 2016a) as D.
lavillei Serra-Tosio, 1970 and D. thomasi Serra-
Tosio, 1970 cited to be known only from the
Pyrenees (Serra-Tosio 1973). To contradict this
hypothesis new findings were highlighted; for
example, D. veletensis Serra-Tosio, 1971
previously considered endemic from the Sierra

Biogeographia 34: 59–85 Rossaro et al., 2019
68
Nevada (Spain) was later captured in the Atlas
Mountains (Morocco) and in Mongolia,
suggesting that the cited species has a much
wider distribution including southern and
oriental parts of the Palearctic Region (Serra-
Tosio 1983). Diamesa thomasi was captured in
Germany and Poland and D. lavillei in the Near
East and Caucasus. The area of distribution of
T. tonollii has been enlarged including England,
Scandinavia and the Far East (Makarchenko
and Makarchenko 2007) and the area of
distribution of S. montanus was enlarged to
include the northern side of the Alps, Spain,
Germany, and Slovakia. The capture of other
species of Stilocladius (S. clinopecten Sæther,
1982) in the southeastern United States, S.
intermedius and S. orientalis Makarchenko et
Makarchenko, 2003 (Wang 1998, Makarchenko
and Makarchenko 2003) in the Eastern
Palaearctic, Eastern European Russia and
Finland, further supported the evidence of a
much wider distribution of these species. To
sum up, even if the existence of endemic
species cannot be excluded, the progression of
knowledge suggests a large area of distribution
for many species.
The lack of substantial differences in
species composition of lakes on the northern
and southern sides of the Alps convinced us
that the Alps are not a zoogeographical barrier
for chironomids, as suggested half a century
ago (Reiss 1968) and confirmed by more recent
contributions (Reiss 1986b, Laville and Serra-
Tosio 1996, URL 2, URL 3).
The percentage of Mediterranean, Afro-
and Panpaleotropical species in Italy is of
interest. The chironomids from the
Mediterranean area are estimated to contain
22.7% of Palearctic Mediterranean species and
9% of Ethiopian species (Reiss 1977). Prat
(1979, 1980), Moubayed and Laville (1983)
and Reiss (1985, 1986a) provided lists of
species from single countries within the
Mediterranean area but observed low
percentages of endemic Mediterranean species.
Some species are confirmed to be endemic to
the Mediterranean area including North Africa
and the Near East: Zavrelimyia beriberi,
Boreoheptagyia cinctipes (Edwards, 1928),
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) levantinus,
Krenosmittia hispanica, Paratanytarsus
mediterraneus. In any case, some species are
not restricted to the Mediterranean area, but are
present in other areas outside Europe.
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) micans for
example is present in six Mediterranean
countries, the Near East and North Africa and is
present in the Afrotropical region, and
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) lanzavecchiai
is present in Italy, France, Near East and
Eastern Palearctic China (Fu et al. 2012).
The halobiont species Baeotendipes
noctivagus and Halocladius millenarius were
included in the Mediterranean faunal
component (Reiss 1977), but the former species
is now also known from Bulgaria, Romania and
Ukraine, while the latter is also present in the
Canary Islands. Another Halocladius species is
cited from Italy (H. mediterraneus), Corsica,
Near East, Spain, Madeira Isle, so this species
seems restricted to the Mediterranean area and
Madeira. Other species captured in Italy and
previously considered endemic Mediterranean
species (Reiss 1977), but now known to have a
more extended area, are: Virgatanytarsus
albisutus, present also in Madeira, Canary
Islands and Portugal, Polypedilum acifer
Townes, 1945 which results widespread in
Europe and present also in the Nearctic, while
Harnischia angularis is widespread in Europe
and present also in the Eastern Palaearctic and
Oriental regions.
About Afro- and Panpaleotropical
species, two species previously known with a
Panpaleotropical distribution (Reiss 1985,
1986a) now extend their presence to the
Mediterranean region and are restricted to
southern areas in Italy. They are Chironomus
calipterus, found in Sardegna, and
Dicrotendipes peringueyanus, in Sicily.
Polypedilum aegyptium was supposed to have
an Afrotropical distribution, but was collected
in northern Italy (Rossaro 1988); after a
revision of the species it was discovered that it

Rossaro et al., 2019 Biogeographia 34: 59–85
69
had been captured also in Sweden and in other
14 European countries. Pseudosmittia
subtrilobata was supposed to be an Afrotropical
species, but was captured in Sardegna
(Boormann et al. 1995); a re-examination of the
material deposited in the corresponding
author’s collection suggests P. subtrilobata is a
junior synonym of P. trilobata even if they are
both still considered valid species (Ferrington
and Sæther 2011). Another formerly supposed
Afrotropical species is Tanytarsus formosanus
Kieffer, 1911 (= T. horni Goetghebuer, 1934),
reported from Sicilia by Reiss (1977) and
recently captured in other 7 European countries,
as in Oriental and Australian regions; yet, no
voucher specimens are available in the
corresponding author’s collection so its
presence in Italy should be confirmed.
The following species are reported only
from Italy in Fauna Europaea, but they are
present outside Europe in other regions:
Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) pierfrancescoi
presently known from the Eastern Palaearctic;
Euryhapsis annuliventris present in the
Nearctic, Hydrobaenus dentistylus present in
the Near East, Limnophyes algerinus present in
North Africa, Stenochironomus spatuliger
known to occur in different Afrotropical
countries (Freeman 1957), and that was
captured in Italy in River Mincio (Mantova
lakes).
About Polypedilum (Tripodura) pruina
Freeman, 1954, it is of interest to emphasize
that it was considered a valid species and not a
junior synonym of P. (T.) aegyptium
(Chattopadhyay 2000); if accepted as a valid
species, P. (T.) pruina should be an Oriental
species but could be present also in Italy.
Another species with an interesting distribution
is Polypedilum nubifer, apparently originating
in the Australian region, but now present almost
worldwide, except in the Afrotropical and
Neotropical regions. It is an invasive species,
recently found in the Nearctic (Wallace et al.
2009); its absence from the Afrotropical region
should be confirmed because of its similarity
with some Afrotropical species (Cranston et al.
2016); in Italy, it was collected in rice fields
(Nocentini 1985, Ferrarese 1992, Rossaro and
Cortesi 2013). It is interesting to note that a few
species, such as Rheopelopia perda and
Saetheria reissi, formerly reported as Nearctic,
were later found in Europe including Italy,
Euryhapsis annuliventris is still reported only
in the Nearctic and in Italy.
The following species were described as
new to science (Rossaro 1982b, Rossaro and
Lencioni 2000, Rossaro et al. 2017, Rossaro
2017) and at present are reported only from
Italy: Boreheptagyia ortladamellica,
Chaetocladius aedeagolobatus, Chaetocladius
subalpinus, Chaetocladius ticinoi,
Chaetocladius valdostanus, Smittia abruzzae,
Stenochironomus ranzii. Other species new to
science captured the first time in Italy are now
known from a few other countries:
Orthocladius marchettii from Germany, S.
alpilonga from Finland, Syndiamesa nigra from
Corsica, and P. corsicanus initially described
from Corsica is now known from Italy (in
Molgora, a stream near Milano).
Some notes on some species given in
Table 1 and whose presence in Italy was
unexpected are here added.
Procladius (Holotanypus) freemani: this
species was known in North America (Roback
1971) but more recently it was collected in the
Russian Far East (URL 4), its presence in Italy
(Fucino) is supported by an adult male with
associated exuvia and suggests a major range
expansion of this species.
Procladius (Holotanypus) denticulatus:
this species is currently known only from the
Nearctic (Roback 1971) and in Italy (Milano
Botanical garden) where only pupal exuviae
were collected; its presence should be
considered as a tentative identification.
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) aspera:
formerly known only from the Nearctic
(Roback 1971). The capture of an adult male in
Italy in a disused clay quarry (Oasi Le Foppe,
Lombardia) extends its range in the world.

Biogeographia 34: 59–85 Rossaro et al., 2019
70
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) mallochi:
known from the Nearctic (Roback 1971) and
from the East European Russia (URL 5), now
captured in Italy (Lake Dirillo reservoir,
Sicilia).
Chaetocladius holmgreni: it appears to
be a northern species present in Sweden and in
Svalbard, its presence in Italy is supported by
an adult male captured in the River Aso in
Central Apennines.
Cricotopus gelidus: a northern species, a
male was captured in Italy near a glacial stream
(Estellette glacier), but it is also known from
Romania and Austria.
Heterotrissocladius maereri: a northern
species, only pupal exuviae from Italy (Bors
glacial stream, Monte Rosa); its identification
should be confirmed.
Limnophyes aagardii: northern species,
but extended to the Russian Far East, and
collected as adult males in Sardegna near a
spring (Rio Mannu, Sardegna).
Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius)
priomixtus: apparently widespread but not
generally confirmed in Europe, it was identified
on the basis of an adult male collected in the
River Acqualba in Northern Italy.
Psilometriocnemus europaeus: a
northern species captured near a glacial stream
in Adamello mountain group (Vedretta Lobbia).
Pseudorthocladius uniserratus: this
species is described as Nearctic (Saether and
Sublette 1983), only exuviae found in Italy
(Lake Variola, Piemonte), but the species can
be easily recognized on the basis of exuviae
alone.
Boreoheptagyia ortladamellica: present
in the Alps in Ortles Adamello mountain group.
Its presence in other sites must be confirmed.
Chironomus (Chironomus) lugubris: with a
northern European distribution, but known also
from Switzerland and Hungary, in Italy
captured in Oasi Le Foppe (Lombardia).
Beckidia tethys: described from Nearctic
(Saether 1977), but present in Italy (River Po)
and in the Balkans; another species of the same
genus, B. zabolotzskyi was just known from
Palaearctic including the Russian Far East.
CONCLUSIONS
Chironomids have represented important
contributions in the development of
biogeographic theories. They were a critical
group in supporting transantarctic relationships
(Brundin 1966), but unfortunately the lack of
knowledge and uncertain information from
large areas suggests caution in drawing
conclusions about the significance of their
distributions. As emphasized above, new
findings often extended the distribution of some
species greatly (Rossaro 1995). The examples
given above for S. montanus and D. veletensis
are instructive. In contrast, the discovery of new
species with very restricted distribution
suggests that the family may contain both
widespread and very restricted distribution
species. More extensive knowledge of
chironomid species distributions is very
desirable, at present there are many unexplored
regions (see Figure 1 for Italy) and sampling
was often concentrated in restricted areas. The
resolution of many taxonomic questions will
profit from molecular analysis (Montagna et al.
2016b), but new collections accompanied by
traditional morphological analysis remain
essential.
In conclusion, it can be stated that
present knowledge is far from complete. Some
regions in the Western Palaearctic are very well
studied and revision of checklists is rather
recent; 598 species were reported from France
in 1990 (Serra-Tosio and Laville 1991), raised
to 646 in a 1996 updated list (Laville and Serra-
Tosio 1996); a species list from Corsica
updated in 2012 included 368 species
(Moubayed and Ashe 2012); a checklist of
species in Germany updated in 2014 listed 987
species (Orendt et al. 2014); 780 species were
reported from Finland updated in 2014

Rossaro et al., 2019 Biogeographia 34: 59–85
71
(Paasivirta 2014). Some countries in the
Western Palaearctic are not well studied, even
if recently some efforts were made; for
example, the fauna of Albania included 35-40
species before a recent update (Bitušík and
Trnková 2019) raising it to 85-90 species.
Recent research (Plóciennik and Pešic 2012;
Plóciennik et al. 2014, 2016) updated to 30 the
list of species present in Montenegro, 77 in
Croatia and 36 in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The
Italian fauna checklist rose from 391 (in 2002)
to 580 (in 2019) with the present contribution,
but despite efforts species number is still low in
comparison to nearby countries (Germany,
France).
Table 2. A list of the voucher Chironomid specimens deposited in different collections (one voucher specimen
per species is provided here). Column names are as follows: Codespec: abbreviated species name. Stage: stage
of the voucher specimen present in the collection as L = Larva, Pe = pupal exuvia, M = adult male. Collection:
abbreviated name of the collections as R = corresponding author personal collection, F = Ferrarese personal
collection, T = MUSE (Trento Museum) collection, SNF = Senckenberg Naturmuseum Frankfurt collection,
CNR IRSA = Verbania, Water Research Institute collection. Sampling date: sampling date of the voucher
specimen. Locality: sampling station (river, lake, spring, etc.). Codesample: more detailed sampling site name.
UTM-long and UTM-lat: longitude and latitude expressed as Universal Transverse Mercator zone 32.
Codespec
Stage
Collection
Sampling date
Locality
Codesample
UTM-long
UTM-lat
T_frauenfeldi
L
F
1989.VIII.25
Udine
Lignano
819947
5067853
P_kiefferi
M
T
2016.VIII.5
Amola
Amola
633080
5118514
P_minutissimus
M
T
2003.VI.16
Bolzano
Bad Süss
688581
5160272
C_nervosus
L
R
1978.XI.8
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
T_T_kraatzi
L
F
1978.VII.15
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
T_T_punctipennis
MPe
R
1978.IX.21
PoCremona
CRTN
571218
4993370
T_T_vilipennis
L
R
1967.XI.10
PoVercelli
TrinoC2
444645
5002554
P_H_choreus
M
R
1980.V.26
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
P_H_culiciformis
L
R
1994.IV.1
Orta
Orta
452689
5075484
P_H_freemani
MPe
R
1989.V.5
Fucino
FucinoCa
874712
4674619
P_H_Pe_4
MPe
R
1991.XII.30
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
P_H_sagittalis
M
R
1995.XII.4
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
P_H_denticulatus
Pe
R
2002.III.20
Milano
OrtoBotanico
518361
5035791
P_H_tatrensis
Pe
R
1987.VI.15
Lys
Vargna
415559
5053976
Procladius_Psilotanypus_
spA
L
R
1982.I.6
PoPiacenza
DCO62I
567578
4993863
A_trifascipennis
PeL
R
1980.VI.30
Olona
QuintoRomano
505212
5034890
M_adaucta
MPe
R
2016.II.16
Milano
MilanoAllevDeFE
NS
518171
5035890
M_fehlmanni
Pe
R
1982.I.10
ComoComo
Como01Piona
526211
5108134
M_fittkaui
Pe
F
1984.VI.08
Passo Gavia
S.Apollonia
615706
5128697
M_nebulosa
MPe
R
1986.VI.4
Milano
MilanovCeloria26
518230
5035914
M_notata
Pe
R
1989.IX.30
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
M_rossaroi
M
T
2003.X.16
Amola
Amola
633080
5118514
P_varius
MPe
R
1980.V.15
AddaBergamo
CorennoPlinio
524170
5104020
N_nugax
L
R
1990.V.4
Ofanto
Ofanto1L
1014965
4546227
N_punctata
L
F
1978.VII.15
Avisio
Misurina
789569
5162298
T_nemorum
L
F
1981.IV.5
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
A_A_aspera
M
R
2010.IX.8
AddaMIlano
OasiLeFoppe01
539786
5051680
A_A_longistyla
M
R
1986.IV.14
MantovaSup
MantovaBesutti
641545
4999432
A_A_mallochi
MPe
R
1984.IX.27
Dirillo
Dirillo125
1005111
4123980
A_A_monilis
M
R
1995.VII.14
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
A_A_phatta
L
F
1978.VII.15
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
H_tripunctata
L
R
2003.VI.26
TicinoMIlano
TicCast5
482342
5037704
X_falcigera
PeM
R
1983.III.21
Milano
Milanonordparco
515866
5039811

Biogeographia 34: 59–85 Rossaro et al., 2019
72
Groane
T_fascigera
Pe
R
1986.VIII.6
PotenzaMacera
ta
Potenza13
878102
4818597
T_carnea
MPe
R
2002.IV.23
Taro
Taro2Cv
552575
4926848
T_lentiginosa
M
R
2016.I.10
Milano
MilanoAllevDeFE
NS
518171
5035890
T_geijskesi
M
R
1988.VIII.6
Avisio
Paneveggio
712885
5129515
T_laeta
L
R
2002.III.28
AddaLO
Comazzo1
539192
5018345
T_northumbrica
Pe
R
1986.VIII.6
PotenzaMacera
ta
Potenza13
878102
4818597
T_vitellina
Pe
R
2002.VII.1
Taro
Taro5
594500
4962000
T_woodi
Pe
R
1982.IV.18
Gleno
BremboBr
546629
5072097
T_longimanus
M
R
1990.IV.1
Aterno
Veraspring01
867141
4700417
Krenop_Alpen
Pe
R
1988.VIII.5
Avisio
Travignolo1
701635
5131948
K_binotata
MPe
R
1984.IX.-
Arno
Barber
701008
4856489
G_guttipennis
Pe
R
2004.VI.2
Segrino
Segrino51
520640
5075253
M_tenuicalcar
PeM
R
1986.VIII.30
Milano
MilanovCeloria20
518119
5035967
P_cingulata
M
R
1996.X.23
Olona
Campo_dei_Fiori
_Valmolina
487090
5092306
P_divisa
M
R
1996.VI.1
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
Paramerina_Griechenlan
d
Pe
R
1984.VI.14
Agogna
Cameri
473957
5038645
Paramerina_spB_Dolomi
ten_sensu_Ferrarese
Pe
R
2004.IV.14
Avisio
MalgaCiapela
723591
5145516
Z_barbatipes
Pe
R
1979.IX.14
Olona
SettMilanese
504121
5035671
Z_berberi
MPe
R
1990.VIII.8
Aterno
Veraspring01
867141
4700417
Z_hirtimanus
MPe
R
1992.III.22
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
Z_melanura
M
R
1989.XI.30
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
Z_nubila
PeF
R
1987.VII.17
Toce
Variolasup
438928
5114153
Z_punctatissima
Pe
R
1990.IX.5
Zittola
ZittF5
923764
4632066
Z_signatipennis
MPe
R
1979.XII.30
Arno
ElbaMCalamita
609211
4728448
L_atrocincta
L
R
1986.III.27
Cedrino
Siniscola
559243
4492818
L_longipalpis
L
F
1995.VI.24
Catania
Grammichele
998897
4135006
P_katterjokki
L
F
2009.I.15
Como
Como staz 20
505897
5074082
N_dubius
L
R
1988.VIII.5
Avisio
Paneveggio
712885
5129515
C_pallidula
M
R
1977.VIII.12
Olona
SettMilanese
504121
5035671
C_viator
M
R
1990.VI.24
Aterno
Veraspring01
867141
4700417
R_maculipennis
M
R
1986.IV.21
MantovaSup
MantovaPtaPrete
641545
4999432
R_ornata
M
R
1979.VII.6
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
R_perda
Pe
R
1986.IV.1
Cedrino
Siniscola
559243
4492818
S_schineri
Pe
R
1994.VI.18
Avisio
Fiavé
642644
5096224
Arctopelopia_spA
L
R
1991.IV.9
AdigeBZ
Braies
736563
5175805
A_griseipennis
M
R
1992.IV.12
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
A_barbitarsis
L
F
1978.VII.15
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
B_thienemanni
Pe
R
2002.VII.3
Taro
Taro2Cm
552307
4926989
Protanypus_spA
L
R
2011.VII.-
Palu
Palu
549870
5122190
B_alpicola_spC
M
R
1996.IX.7
Estellette
CdSeigne3bis
332169
5070368
B_ortladamellica
Pe
R
1977.II.28
Gallavesa
Gallavesa
537551
5073888
B_legeri
L
R
1988.VIII.5
Avisio
Paneveggio
712885
5129515
B_monticola
Pe
R
1978.VI.9
AltoOglio
Temu
612869
5122614
B_rotunda
M
R
1988.VIII.5
Avisio
Paneveggio
712885
5129515
P_branickii
MPe
R
1979.IX.8
Adamello
Aviolo00b
609268
5116531
P_nivosa
MPe
R
1984.IX.-
MteBianco_Mi
age_Combal
Combalou
334391
5071364
Snd_edwardsi
M
R
1997.VIII.16
Disgrazia
Bignami
573147
5130940
S_nigra
Pe
R
1980.VII.20
AltoOglio
SApollsorgsopra
615524
5128571
D_dampfi
M
R
1995.IX.16
Lys
Gressoney_St_Jac
ques
408029
5078131
D_permacra
MPe
R
1976.II.28
Acqualba
Acqualba02
449489
5075773
D_aberrata
MPe
R
2003.IX.17
Sforzellina
Gaviasforz1
615524
5128571
D_incallida
MPe
R
1979.VII.9
Adamello
Aviolo01
609179
5116498
D_bertrami
M
R
2001.IX.18
Forni
Fornig
620489
5141848
D_nowickiana
MPe
R
1990.IX.13
Presena
Presenaalphatorrg
lac
623419
5122224

Rossaro et al., 2019 Biogeographia 34: 59–85
73
D_martae
M
T
2014.VIII.11
Amola
AmolaAM1
631738
5119284
D_longipes
M
R
1978.VIII.12
Venerocolo
Bnd04a
613290
5115268
D_goetghebueri
M
R
1978.VIII.12
Venerocolo
Bnd04k
613363
5115201
D_lindrothi
PeM
R
1995.IX.10
Estellette
RifElisabetta
331800
5070368
D_latitarsis
MPe
R
2013.IX.25
Forni
Fornig
620489
5141848
D_modesta
M
R
2001.IX.18
Sforzellina
GaviaBerni2
615865
5134173
D_laticauda
M
R
1995.IX.11
Estellette
RifElisabetta
331800
5070368
D_wuelkeri
MPe
R
1978.VIII.12
Venerocolo
Bnd04k
613363
5115201
D_insignipes
MPe
R
1980.II.29
Nure
Nure
539660
4942433
Diamesa_spA
L
R
1978.IV.14
Presanella
Volpaia
628814
5127109
D_cinerella
MPe
R
2001.IX.18
Sforzellina
GaviaBerni2
615865
5134173
D_tonsa
MPeL
R
1979.VII.-
AltoOglio
Vezza2
608369
5121281
D_vaillanti
M
R
2001.IX.18
Sforzellina
GaviaBerni2
615865
5134173
D_zernyi
M
R
2001.IX.18
Sforzellina
GaviaBerni2
615865
5134173
D_steinboecki
L
R
1978.IX.25
Adamello
Venerocolo
614420
5114984
D_starmachi
L
R
2007.XII.28
Presanella
Volpaia
628814
5127109
P_parva
MPe
R
2013.VIII.21
Forni
Fornig
620489
5141848
S_spinifera
MPeL
R
1981.I.15
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
S_zavreli
L
R
1986.I.2
Cedrino
Siniscola
559243
4492818
P_gaedii
MPe
R
1995.II.16
TicinoNO
TicOleggio
475151
5051750
P_longimanus
MPe
R
1981.I.15
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
M_bathyphila
L
R
2008.VI.10
Vernago
Vernago
640130
5178654
O_fulva
L
R
1996.X.28
Lambro
Lamb09La
519380
5067701
Prodiamesa_spA
Pe
R
1978.VIII.19
Tonale
Capriolilake
622053
5123141
P_olivacea
MPe
R
1989.VI.5
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
P_rufovittata
Pe
R
1981.VI.6
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
D_potamophylaxi
L
F
1993.VII.11
val Pusteria
Fundres
706216
5196124
D_cultriger
M
R
1985.IX.26
MteBianco_Mi
age_Combal
Combalou
334391
5071364
B_longifurca
MPe
R
1977.VIII.31
Gallavesa
Gallavesa
537551
5073888
B_bifida
M
R
1996.II.9
ComoComo
Como10Bellagio
519878
5092394
E_annuliventris
M
R
1985.V.11
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
C_fuscus
L
R
1986.III.13
AddaCremona
AddaRivolta1
538763
5035679
C_capucinus
M
R
1979.VIII.14
Mandrone
RifBedoleValGen
ova
623091
5117326
T_bavarica
MPe
R
2001.IX.18
Sforzellina
Dosegu42
616401
5136569
T_calvescens
M
R
1996.IX.7
Estellette
CdSeigne2bis
331864
5069996
T_discoloripes
Pe
R
1990.IV.17
Velino
Velino
806448
4715053
T_verralli
Pe
R
2004.XII.1
GardaBrescia
Garda01Rivalit
643371
5082468
T_tonollii
M
R
1983.VI.26
AddaSondrio
ChiareggGhPorul
a
559393
5128900
T_rectangularis
M
R
2003.IX.17
Sforzellina
Gaviasforz1
615524
5128571
E_pseudomontana
Pe
R
1979.III.27
Bidente
Bidente
733199
4894612
E_ancyla
Pe
R
2002.IX.17
Taro
Taro1
547215
4925108
E_brehmi
L
R
1992.V.26
Zittola
ZittF1
923104
4629904
E_clypeata
Pe
R
2001.XII.4
AddaCremona
AddaRivolta
538756
5035592
E_cyanea
Pe
R
2003.III.4
Taro
Taro3CN
573000
4936509
E_dittmari
MPe
R
1980.XI.4
Endine
Gaiano01
574936
5071413
E_gracei
M
R
1985.IX.16
AddaSondrio
RifViolaAEM
602451
5148696
E_coerulescens
M
R
1977.IX.8
Gallavesa
Gallavesa
537551
5073888
E_ilkleyensis
M
R
1978.IV.30
rioMannu
RioMannu
502876
4344594
E_devonica
L
R
1977.VIII.14
Stelvio
StelvBraul
611943
5153951
E_minor
Pe
R
1978.I.26
Lambro
Lamb03La
520441
5080463
E_fittkaui
M
R
1978.III.25
AltoOglio
Vezza2
608369
5121281
E_brevicalcar
M
R
1985.IX.16
AddaSondrio
Adda00
594262
5155818
E_claripennis
M
R
1990.V.29
Brasimone
Brasimone
669194
4887903
E_fuldensis
MPe
R
1990.IX.17
Mandrone
RifBedoleValGen
ova
623091
5117326
E_lobifera
Pe
R
1978.VII.12
PoVercelli
TrinoA3
444525
5002362
E_tirolensis
Pe
R
1978.III.4
AltoOglio
Vezza2
608369
5121281
H_apicalis
M
R
1995.VII.7
Miage
Miagetorbiera
334131
5071516
P_P_brehmi
M
R
1984.IX.14
Ofanto
Torremag
1022953
4635666
P_P_sordidellus
M
R
1995.XI.20
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528

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74
P_P_bisetus
Pe
F
1993.V.26
Avisio
Inghiaie
678930
5096706
P_P_limbatellus
MPe
R
2002.I.15
Milano
OrtoBotanico
518361
5035791
P_P_octomaculatus
M
R
1986.III.18
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
P_P_psilopterus
M
R
1985.VII.17
AddaSondrio
ValViola
604062
5150057
P_P_schlienzi
Pe
R
1987.VII.2
Lys
Vargna
415559
5053976
P_P_oligosetus
Pe
R
1991.V.9
Avisio
LSPellegrino
717418
5141549
P_P_oxyura
M
R
1996.I.29
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
P_A_obvious
Pe
R
1998.IX.10
Miage
Miagetorbiera
334131
5071516
P_A_platypus
Pe
R
1990.IV.26
TevereRoma
CPT16
782137
4626569
Rheocricotopus_spA
L
R
2016.XII.27
AddaLC
Curone
530323
5060630
R_P_atripes
MPe
R
1978.V.21
Sangro
PNA13
910241
4641205
R_P_gallicus
M
R
1990.IX.13
Mandrone
Nardiscascata
635067
5114350
R_P_glabricollis
M
R
1978.IV.30
rioMannu
RioMannu
502876
4344594
R_P_chalybeatus
M
R
1978.IX.21
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
R_R_effusus
MPe
R
1976.III.10
Lambro
Lamb01Ma
520220
5085069
R_R_fuscipes
M
R
1977.XII.27
Lambro
Lamb06Ca0
517622
5075710
P_niger
M
R
1977.VII.30
Coghinas
Gologoni
545815
4462198
Nanocladius_spA
M
R
1990.III.5
Zittola
Zitt50
923927
4635381
N_balticus
Pe
R
2004.X.24
ComoComo
Como50Lecco
529557
5077862
N_dichromus
MPe
R
1977.XI.1
Pordenone
Sile
781805
5079380
N_rectinervis
Pe
R
1989.V.1
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
P_nudipennis
M
R
1978.VIII.24
AltoOglio
Vezza2
608369
5121281
S_semivirens
M
R
1985.IX.8
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
O_E_fuscimanus
M
R
1980.VII.14
AltoOglio
VezzafontanaA
607782
5121704
O_E_gelidus
M
R
1978.VI.10
AltoOglio
SApollsorg1
615524
5128571
O_E_priomixtus
M
R
1976.VI.14
Acqualba
Acqualba02
449489
5075773
O_E_olivaceus
MPe
R
1976.VI.14
Acqualba
Acqualba02
449489
5075773
O_E_ashei
Pe
R
1980.IX.1
Brembo
Brembo01Cs
547369
5090515
O_E_luteipes
MPe
R
1976.II.3
Pioverna
Pioverna
529525
5094752
O_E_rivicola
MPeL
R
2001.II.23
TicinoMIlano
TicCast9
481332
5038114
O_E_rivulorum
M
R
1979.II.25
TicinoMIlano
TicTurbigo
478207
5039474
O_E_saxosus
MPeL
R
1976.II.32
Acqualba
Acqualba02
449489
5075773
O_E_thienemanni
MPeL
R
2001.II.1
TicinoMIlano
TicCast5
482342
5037704
O_M_frigidus
MPe
R
1996.VII.7
Caldaro
Coredo
679320
5143088
O_M_vaillanti
MPe
R
2002.VI.4
Taro
Taro1
547215
4925108
O_O_excavatus
MPeL
R
1989.XI.7
Aterno
Veraspring01
867141
4700417
O_O_glabripennis
MPe
R
1981.I.11
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
O_O_marchettii
MPe
R
1992.II.28
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
O_O_oblidens
MPe
R
2004.VIII.30
Lambro
Lamb06Ca0
517622
5075710
O_O_pedestris
MPeL
R
2002.IV.23
Taro
Taro2Cv
552575
4926848
O_O_rhyacobius
MPe
R
1992.II.5
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
O_O_rivinus
MPeL
R
1990.II.26
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
O_O_rubicundus
L
R
2002.I.10
Taro
Taro3CN
573000
4936509
O_O_wetterensis
MPeL
R
1981.III.2
Magra
AbetonePsso
635997
4888177
O_S_lignicola
MPe
R
2002.I.10
Taro
Taro2Cm
552307
4926989
O_S_ruffoi
MPe
R
1978.V.20
Scanno
PNA09
905950
4647245
A_lucens
L
R
1979.V.24
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
P_alpicola
L
R
2009.VIII.28
Gran_Paradiso
ROSSET
354517
5039876
P_conversus
M
R
2004.VI.22
Lugano
LuganoPorlezza
498709
5090441
C_P_guidalii
M
R
1978.IV.23
Presanella
Stavel
627964
5126164
C_P_micans
M
R
0.-.-
TeverePG
Vera
767687
4799507
C_P_nivalis
M
R
1978.VII.5
AltoOglio
SApollsorg1
615524
5128571
C_P_osellai
M
R
1978.III.4
AltoOglio
Vezza1
607505
5121164
C_P_skirwithensis
MPe
R
1995.VII.7
Miage
Brenvaghsorg
341977
5073605
C_P_veronicae
M
R
1989.XII.29
Aterno
Vera
867092
4700658
C_P_pierfrancescoi
M
R
1989.IV.27
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
C_P_lanzavecchiai
M
R
1989.V.3
Aterno
Veraspring01
867141
4700417
C_P_rufiventris
MPe
R
1994.II.6
Aterno
Aterno
857967
4699723
H_varians
M
R
1958.VI.29
Litveneto
LagunaVenezia
757435
5028462
H_millenarius
M
R
1978.IV.29
rioMannu
Molentargius
502876
4344594
H_mediterraneus
M
SNF
1960.VI.12
Quiliano
CavidiLavagna
449005
4902497
C_C_gelidus
MPe
R
1980.VII.6
AltoOglio
VezzafontanaB
607790
5121728
C_C_tibialis
MPeL
R
1980.VII.6
AltoOglio
VezzafontanaB
607790
5121728

Rossaro et al., 2019 Biogeographia 34: 59–85
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C_C_algarum
M
R
1992.V.13
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
C_C_fuscus
MPe
R
1981.III.21
Aso
Aso01
850907
4757521
Cricotopus_gr_fuscus_sp
A
M
R
1988.VIII.3
Tovel
TovelPM
650303
5125065
Cricotopus_Pe_8
Pe
R
1988.XI.11
Sangro
Sangr008S14
918396
4634233
C_C_pirifer
Pe
R
1991.IX.4
AdigeTN
Calaita
715542
5120410
C_C_curtus
MPe
R
1978.IV.23
AltoOglio
VezzafontanaA
607782
5121704
C_C_pulchripes
MPeL
R
1980.VII.6
AltoOglio
VezzafontanaB
607790
5121728
C_C_tremulus
MPe
R
1979.IX.8
AltoOglio
Vezza2
608369
5121281
Cricotopus_gr_tremulus_
spA
L
R
1990.IV.1
Aterno
Veraspring01
867141
4700417
Cricotopus_Cricotopus_s
pA
Pe
R
1978.VIII.24
AltoOglio
Vezza2
608369
5121281
C_C_tristis
M
R
1982.VII.7
PoPiacenza
DCO73
570823
4992986
C_C_annulator
MPe
R
1978.VI.27
Lambro
Lamb04As
520907
5078146
C_C_triannulatus
M
R
1996.VII.18
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
C_C_cylindraceus
Pe
F
1991.IV.4
Avisio
Udai
707395
5148429
C_C_albiforceps
M
R
1995.X.21
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
C_C_festivellus
M
R
1978.IV.29
rioMannu
Molentargius
502876
4344594
C_C_vierriensis
MPe
R
2003.IX.24
TicinoMIlano
TicCast5
482342
5037704
C_C_bicinctus
MPe
R
2016.XII.27
AddaLC
Molgora
530613
5041608
C_C_trifascia
M
R
1995.XI.9
Lambro
Lamb09La
519380
5067701
Cricotopus_Pe_1
Pe
R
2003.VII.9
TicinoMIlano
TicCastCuggiono
482055
5037909
C_C_levantinus
Pe
R
1988.XI.11
Sangro
Sangr008S11
918068
4634542
C_I_sylvestris
M
R
1982.V.5
PoPiacenza
DCO71
568685
4992396
C_I_trifasciatus
M
R
1977.V.2
Lambro
Limito
525086
5036232
C_I_reversus
Pe
R
2004.X.24
Garlate
Garlate
532270
5072531
C_I_intersectus
M
R
1978.V.20
Scanno
PNA08Pescassero
li
903686
4652577
C_I_laricomalis
M
R
1980.IX.20
Cervino
Cervinia_eta
393244
5087402
C_I_obnixus
M
R
1981.VI.23
PoPiacenza
DCO71
568685
4992396
C_I_brevipalpis
L
R
1989.VI.7
Aveto
Riondo
523864
4923842
H_dentistylus
M
R
1996.I.29
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
H_conformis
M
R
1992.IV.22
Scanno
PNA08Pescassero
li
903686
4652577
H_distylus
L
R
1978.XI.21
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
Z_megastyla
Pe
R
1978.VIII.4
Presena
Presenaalphatorrg
lac
623419
5122224
Z_tatrica
M
R
1985.VI.14
AddaSondrio
ValViola
604062
5150057
M_eurynotus
MPe
R
1980.II.24
AltoOglio
SApollsorg1
615524
5128571
M_fuscipes
M
R
1978.III.15
Olona
SettMilanese
504121
5035671
M_ursinus
MPe
R
1991.XI.27
Zittola
ZittF5
923764
4632066
Thienemannia_spA
M
R
1989.V.3
Aterno
Vera
867092
4700658
T_gracilis
M
R
1992.I.23
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
C_aedeagolobatus
M
R
1995.IX.10
Miage
Miagegiardsorg0
335514
5072155
C_dentiforceps
MPe
R
1995.IX.11
LaLexBlanche
LaLeBla4
333014
5070955
C_dissipatus
M
R
2001.IX.18
Sforzellina
Dosegu42
616401
5136569
C_gelidus
MPe
R
1997.IX.14
Estellette
RifElisabetta
331800
5070368
C_gracilis
MPe
R
1977.XII.3
Olona
SettMilanese
504121
5035671
C_grandilobus
M
R
2014.IV.18
AltoOglio
SApollrusc1
617231
5126942
C_holmgreni
M
R
1979.III.28
Aso
Aso02
859874
4764444
C_laminatus
MPe
R
1978.I.20
Lambro
Lamb01Ma
520220
5085069
C_melaleucus
M
R
1979.XI.7
AltoOglio
SApollsorg1
615524
5128571
C_perennis
MPe
R
1990.IX.13
Mandrone
Nardiscascata
635067
5114350
C_piger
M
R
1997.II.10
Varese
VareseSchiranna
483302
5071733
C_subalpinus
MPe
R
1997.IX.14
Estellette
CdSeigne0bisaffl
330381
5068956
C_suecicus
MPe
R
1978.III.25
AltoOglio
Vezza2
608369
5121281
C_ticinoi
M
R
1994.III.30
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
C_valdostanus
MPe
R
1997.IX.13
Estellette
CdSeigne3bis
332169
5070368
P_excerptus
M
R
1992.V.27
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
H_grimshavi
MPe
R
1978.V.21
Sangro
PNA13
910241
4641205
H_maereri
Pe
R
1978.VII.27
MteRosa
Bors
415429
5082343
H_marcidus
MPe
R
1981.VIII.1
PoTO
PoPiandelRe
326225
4980941

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Parametriocnemus_spA
MPe
R
1981.III.5
Magra
AbetonePsso
635997
4888177
P_boreoalpinus
MPe
R
1978.VI.10
AltoOglio
SApollsorg1
615524
5128571
P_stylatus
M
R
1987.IV.15
Reno
PtedellaVenturina
659997
4888717
Psilometriocnemus_spA
MPe
R
2013.VIII.21
Forni
Fornig
620489
5141848
P_europaeus
M
R
1990.IX.12
Mandrone
LobbiaVedretta
622751
5117326
Paraphaenocladius_spA
M
R
1978.VII.10
AltoOglio
CividateCamuno
600727
5091262
P_impensus
M
R
1986.IV.21
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
P_irritus
M
R
1990.IX.12
Mandrone
LobbiaVedretta
622751
5117326
P_bathophila
M
R
1994.IV.7
Orta
Orta
452689
5075484
P_dentifera
Pe
R
2004.IX.28
Tovel
Tovel12m
650248
5125032
P_gracillima
MPeL
R
1981.III.2
Magra
AbetonePsso
635997
4888177
P_spD_Wülker
Pe
R
2003.V.13
Taro
Taro3CN
573000
4936509
E_ephemerae
M
R
1986.V.8
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
K_boreoalpina
MPe
R
1997.VII.29
AddaSondrio
ChiareggGhPorul
a
559393
5128900
K_camptophleps
M
R
1978.V.21
Tasso
PNA11
904671
4643070
K_hispanica
Pe
R
1986.VIII.6
PotenzaMacera
ta
Potenza06
859400
4807143
A_reissi
L
F
1991.IX.4
Avisio
Udai
707395
5148429
S_montanus
MPe
R
2014.IV.4
Presanella
Baita_Velon
627124
5125966
R_spinicornis
MPe
R
1975.VI.-
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
H_dorieri
MPe
R
2014.III.28
Presanella
Baita_Velon
627124
5125966
H_ornaticollis
MPe
R
1978.VI.10
AltoOglio
SApollrusc1
617231
5126942
H_serratosioi
MPe
R
1980.IX.21
Cervino
Cervinia_eta
393244
5087402
P_abnobaeus
L
R
1977.VI.18
Livigno
Foscagno
593140
5149485
L_aagardii
M
R
1978.III.1
rioMannu
STeruAvixi
513088
4376075
L_algerinus
M
R
1990.II.17
Zittola
ZittF5
923764
4632066
L_asquamatus
M
R
1995.VII.7
MteBianco_Mi
age_Combal
Combalou
334391
5071364
L_bidumus
M
R
1978.VII.30
AltoOglio
Frigidolfo1
616851
5126469
L_difficilis
M
R
1987.VI.30
Lys
Lys10fronteghiac
ciaio
406854
5080029
L_madeirae
M
R
1992.IV.22
Tasso
PNA10
906135
4644303
L_minimus
M
R
1995.X.21
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
L_natalensis
MPe
R
1978.VII.30
AltoOglio
Frigidolfo1
616851
5126469
L_pentaplastus
MPe
R
1981.VI.15
PoVercelli
Morano
451155
5000835
L_spinigus
M
R
1992.X.30
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
P_longiseta
M
R
1992.VII.14
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
Pseudorthocladius_spA
M
R
1989.V.3
Aterno
Vera
867092
4700658
P_curtistylus
M
R
1989.V.3
Aterno
Vera
867092
4700658
P_uniserratus
Pe
R
1987.VII.17
Toce
Variolainf
439536
5114165
G_G_subnudus
M
R
1979.III.27
Bidente
Bidente
733199
4894612
G_R_brumalis
M
R
1990.IX.11
Mandrone
RifBedoleValGen
ova
623091
5117326
B_femineus
M
R
1985.VII.17
AddaSondrio
ValViola
604062
5150057
B_flexidens
L
R
1986.III.8
PotenzaMacera
ta
Potenza09
872396
4813551
B_ictericus
M
R
2004.IV.3
AnnoneEst
Annone
527310
5071603
B_illimbatus
M
R
1992.VII.28
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
B_inconstans
M
R
2004.IX.22
Forni
Fornia
620394
5141761
B_nidorum
M
R
1985.VI.15
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
B_scanicus
M
R
1978.V.19
Sangro
PNA02fontanaSS
83
898127
4638427
B_subvernalis
M
R
1988.XI.11
Sangro
Sangr009
918567
4633513
B_tuberculatus
M
R
1992.X.30
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
B_vernalis
M
R
1996.IX.29
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
B_xanthogyne
M
R
1996.IX.24
Carealto
carC5
626285
5106966
P_carinata
M
R
1979.III.27
Bidente
Bidente
733199
4894612
G_luteicornis
Pe
F
1992.VI.18
Verbania
Val Onsernone
460876
5114481
S_rhithrogenae
L
R
1989.V.28
Agogna
Agogna04b
467426
5034972
Smittia_spA
M
R
1994.IV.1
Orta
Orta
452689
5075484
S_abruzzae
M
R
1992.IV.22
Scanno
PNA08Pescassero
li
903686
4652577
S_alpicola
M
R
1978.V.3
PoPiacenza
IsSerafiniCattivell
571320
4994216

Rossaro et al., 2019 Biogeographia 34: 59–85
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i
S_alpilonga
M
R
1997.IX.12
Estellette
RifElisabetta
331800
5070368
S_amoena
M
R
1979.I.29
Aso
Aso01
850907
4757521
S_aterrima
M
R
1997.I.12
FontaniliMIlan
o
ScagoCugaRancal
i
640777
5088955
Smt_edwardsi
M
R
1986.IX.10
Varese
VareseSchiranna
483302
5071733
S_foliosa
M
R
1986.III.18
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
S_leucopogon
M
R
1995.IX.20
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
S_nudipennis
M
R
1983.IX.19
Occhito
Occhito212
996096
4620726
S_pratorum
M
R
1996.I.14
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
S_rostrata
M
R
1990.IX.12
Mandrone
LobbiaVedretta
622751
5117326
S_scutellosetosa
M
R
1982.III.25
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
S_vesparum
M
R
1995.VII.4
Ferret
FerretghPredeBar
349794
5083387
S_stercoraria
M
R
1991.IV.4
Avisio
Udai
707395
5148429
T_thalassophila
M
F
1940.-.-
Venezia
Venezia
760663
5038443
C_marinus
M
F
1938.VI.26
Venezia
Venezia
760663
5038443
C_stercorarius
M
R
2003.IX.17
Sforzellina
Gaviasforz1
615524
5128571
M_flexuella
M
R
1989.IV.24
TeverePG
TevUmb
767687
4799507
P_verae
M
R
2011.II.7
Liscia
Bidighinzu
471957
4489174
P_angusta
M
F
1800.-.-
Venezia
Venezia
760663
5038443
P_danconai
M
R
1986.IV.14
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
P_forcipata
M
R
1995.VII.4
Ferret
FerretghPredeBar
349794
5083387
P_gracilis
L
R
1967.XI.10
PoVercelli
TrinoC1
444602
5002553
P_holsata
M
R
1980.IV.17
Aso
Aso04
886973
4779213
P_mathildae
M
F
1991.IX.4
Avisio
Udai
707395
5148429
P_trilobata
M
R
1986.III.26
Cedrino
Siniscola
559243
4492818
A_longicrus
M
R
1992.XI.6
Zittola
ZittF1
923104
4629904
H_brevicornis
M
R
1979.VIII.16
AltoOglio
Ercavalloou02
619302
5132349
H_oxoniana
M
R
1990.IX.12
Mandrone
Bedole1
623091
5117326
H_ruttneri
M
R
1992.IV.22
Zittola
ZittF5
923764
4632066
H_spinata
M
R
2011.VII.-
MteBianco
MteBiancorifugio
329131
5077979
T_clavicornis
M
R
1978.V.21
Sangro
PNA13
910241
4641205
T_flavescens
M
R
1977.VII.19
Coghinas
Ortobene
545815
4462198
T_majuscula
M
R
1993.VI.29
Agogna
Agogna89a
467446
5038676
T_vittata
M
R
1977.XII.27
Aso
Lamb05SC
859874
4764444
Thiella_spA
M
R
1980.IV.17
Aso
Aso02
859874
4764444
T_vittata_spB
M
R
1979.III.28
Lambro
Aso02
519023
5076193
C_arctica
M
R
1995.VII.4
Ferret
FerretParcheggio2
1b
342186
5076177
C_celtica
M
R
1982.XII.9
Brembo
Ola01
558208
5077237
C_coronata
M
R
1989.V.5
Pescara
Gizio
909259
4663301
Corynoneura_edwardsi
M
R
1986.V.8
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
C_gratias
M
R
1985.VI.15
TicinoMIlano
Ticino
501959
5035569
C_fittkaui
M
R
1989.XI.28
Aterno
Vera
867092
4700658
C_lacustris
M
R
1985.IX.21
Toce
Variolasup
438928
5114153
C_lobata
M
R
1997.I.13
Varese
VareseSchiranna0
033
483302
5071733
C_scutellata
L
R
1977.X.31
Milano
MilanovCeloria20
518119
5035967
Z_pentatoma
Pe
R
1982.VI.22
Sorno
Sorna
648952
5073709
Z_marmorata
L
R
2011.V.20
AddaMIlano
OasiLeFoppe01
539786
5051680
N_fuldensis
M
R
2004.III.19
GardaBrescia
Garda50Peschiera
lit
631591
5034162
S_flavidula
MPe
R
1987.VII.28
Aterno
Veraspring01
867141
4700417
Stemp_edwardsi
M
R
1995.XI.5
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
S_bausei
M
R
2009.III.22
Agogna
Rile
468067
5024198
C_brevicosta
Pe
F
2003.VI.10
Verona
M.Lessini
672678
5061177
T_bathophilus
M
R
1985.VII.17
AddaSondrio
Adda01a
603761
5148787
T_brundini
Pe
R
2004.IV.3
Garlate
Garlate
532270
5072531
T_buchonius
M
R
1983.VI.-
Milano
FontanMIOvest
508292
5032283
T_chinyensis
M
R
1996.VII.18
ComoComo
Como20Como20
505897
5074082
T_cretensis
Pe
R
2004.VI.16
Monate
Monate
473629
5071882
T_curticornis
M
R
2016.II.8
Milano
MilanoAllevDeFE
NS
518171
5035890

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T_ejuncidus
Pe
R
2003.VIII.23
GardaBrescia
Garda46SirmGrC
atullo
625707
5039722
T_eminulus
M
R
2016.X.29
Lambro
Lamb08Me
518672
5070470
T_excavatus
M
R
1996.IX.10
Varese
VareseSchiranna
483302
5071733
T_gibbosiceps
MPe
R
1979.XII.30
Arno
ElbaMCalamita
609211
4728448
T_gracilentus
Pe
R
2004.III.22
Iseo
IseoSarnico
574536
5056535
T_gregarius
Pe
R
1995.V.1
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
T_heusdensis
M
R
2018.IV.19
AddaLC
Curone
530323
5060630
T_inaequalis
Pe
R
1995.III.2
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
T_lestagei
M
R
2004.IV.27
MaggioreVares
e
Magg45Castellett
oTicino
469336
5063754
T_mendax
M
R
1996.VI.5
Varese
VareseSchiranna
483302
5071733
T_miriforceps
MPe
R
2005.IV.6
Lamar
Lamar
659332
5107182
T_nemorosus
Pe
R
2004.IV.8
Montorfano
Montorfano
510738
5070196
T_nigricollis
M
R
1986.IV.8
MantovaSup
MantovaPtaPrete
641545
4999432
T_palettaris
M
R
1989.VII.31
Brasimone
Brasimone
669194
4887903
T_pallidicornis
M
R
1984.IX.14
Ofanto
Torremag
1022953
4635666
Tanytarsus_Pe23_Langto
n
Pe
R
1975.V.-
PoCremona
CRTN
571218
4993370
T_signatus
Pe
R
1986.IV.1
Cedrino
Siniscola
559243
4492818
T_sinuatus
M
R
1995.VII.7
MteBianco_Mi
age_Combal
Combalou
334391
5071364
T_sylvaticus
M
R
1996.II.13
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
T_usmaensis
M
R
2009.III.17
Milano
OrtoBotanico
518361
5035791
T_volgensis
MPe
R
1978.IX.21
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
V_albisutus
MPe
R
2002.VIII.30
Taro
Taro5
594500
4962000
V_arduennensis
MPe
R
2016.V.31
Milano
InverigoLagoon
470860
5083575
V_triangularis
MPe
R
1998.IX.28
Quiliano
QuilianoSolco
449005
4902497
C_atridorsum
M
R
1989.IV.24
TeverePG
TevSovara
767687
4799507
C_mancus
M
R
1986.IX.16
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
C_nigrovittatus
M
R
1985.V.11
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
C_vanderwulpi
M
R
2017.IV.19
Lambro
Lamb05SC
519023
5076193
R_ringei
M
R
1984.VI.12
Dirillo
Dirillo
1005111
4123980
R_curtistylus
MPe
R
1979.VII.-
Coghinas
Gologoni
545815
4462198
R_nigricauda
M
R
1989.VIII.24
Brasimone
Brasimone
669194
4887903
R_pellucidus
MPe
R
1998.X.24
Quiliano
Daned
451570
4904412
R_pentapoda
MPe
R
1976.V.30
Acqualba
Acqualba02
449489
5075773
R_photophilus
M
R
1989.V.5
Pescara
Gizio
909259
4663301
R_reissi
M
R
1986.III.8
PotenzaMacera
ta
Potenza07
862786
4809622
R_rhenanus
M
R
1985.IV.25
TicinoMIlano
TicinoBoff
484665
5032855
Paratanytarsus_spA
Pe
R
2004.VI.1
GardaBrescia
Garda21Padenghe
618397
5039143
P_austriacus
M
R
1997.IX.14
MteBianco_Mi
age_Combal
Combalou
334391
5071364
P_bituberculatus
M
R
2009.IV.24
Milano
OrtoBotanico
518361
5035791
P_corsicanus
M
R
2012.X.9
AddaLC
Molgora
530613
5041608
P_dissimilis
M
R
1986.IV.8
MantovaSup
MantovaPtaPrete
641545
4999432
P_grimmii
L
R
1976
Trebbia
PiaArda26
571898
4976514
P_hyperboreus
Pe
R
1988.VIII.6
Avisio
Paneveggio
712885
5129515
P_inopertus
M
R
1992.I.23
Aterno
Vetoio
859058
4699334
P_laccophilus
Pe
R
2004.III.19
GardaBrescia
Garda50Peschiera
lit
631591
5034162
P_laetipes
M
R
1982.VI.22
GardaBrescia
Garda45Sirmione
625665
5040038
P_lauterborni
M
R
1977.VIII.12
Olona
SettMilanese
504121
5035671
P_mediterraneus
M
R
1986.VI.13
MantovaMezzo
MantovaLMezzo
641437
5003452
P_natvigi
M
R
2009.III.22
Agogna
Rile
468067
5024198
P_penicillatus
Pe
F
1996
Avisio
Udai
707395
5148429
P_tenellulus
M
R
1986.IV.14
MantovaSup
MantovaPtaPrete
641545
4999432
P_tenuis
M
R
1995.X.21
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
M_appendica
Pe
R
1976.VIII.12
Gallavesa
Gallavesa
537551
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M_apposita
MPe
R
1999.II.17
GardaVR
Garda31chir
635788
5060364
M_aristata
M
R
1986.VI.4
Milano
FontanMIOvest
508292
5032283
M_atrofasciata
MPe
R
1999.IV.25
Serio
Ricengo
557491
5049648
M_attenuata
MPe
R
1983.VI.22
AddaSondrio
ChiareggGhPorul
a
559393
5128900
M_auvergnensis
Pe
R
1980.III.22
Olona
QuintoRomano
505212
5034890
M_bavarica
Pe
R
2009.IX.3
Tovel
Risla
650204
5124879
M_calcifontis
M
R
1995.VII.4
Ferret
FerretghPredeBar
349794
5083387
M_clastrieri
PeM
R
1983.VI.26
PoCremona
Chiavenna
569511
4991048
M_insignilobus
Pe
R
2014.-.-
Serio
Valzurio
575357
5086075
M_junci
Pe
R
1998.VI.23
Cornisello
Cornisello
630632
5121371
M_lindrothi
M
R
1986.IV.29
MantovaSup
MantovaPtaPrete
641545
4999432
M_longicrista
M
R
1982.I.12
Brembo
Ola01
558208
5077237
M_notescens
MPe
R
1989.X.21
Aterno
Vera
867092
4700658
M_pallidula
MPe
R
1983.I.12
Brembo
Ola01
558208
5077237
M_pharetrophora
MPe
R
1979.IX.8
Adamello
Aviolo01
609179
5116498
M_radialis
M
R
1981.IX.4
ComoComo
Como01Piona3
526585
5107877
M_recurvata
M
R
1981.IV.11
Brembo
SerinaB
556473
5079234
M_schrankelae
M
R
1978.VI.10
AltoOglio
SApollsorg1
615524
5128571
M_seguyi
MPe
R
2001.IX.10
AltoOglio
Monno
602875
5117231
M_sofiae
M
R
1979.IX.6
Adamello
AviolotorrslA
609202
5116590
M_zernyi
M
R
1978.III.4
Scanno
Vezza1
905950
4647245
M_nana
M
R
2002.VII.31
Ortles_Careser
PianVenezia
628329
5143498
M_fallax
Pe
R
1978.VI.10
AltoOglio
SApollsorg1
615524
5128571
M_styriaca
M
R
1995.VI.7
Varese
VareseSchiranna4
483302
5071733
P_prasinatus
Pe
R
1995.VII.1
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
Paratendipes _Pe1
Pe
R
1980.VII.14
PoPiacenza
DCO92N
575998
4997271
P_albimanus
M
R
1994.IV.7
Mergozzo
MergozzoSEC10
458389
5089439
P_nubilus
M
R
1996.VII.18
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
P_nudisquama
MPe
R
2004.II.16
GardaVR
Garda17bSalo15a
620065
5051399
P_plebejus
M
R
2017.III.15
AddaLC
Curone
530323
5060630
M_britteni
MPe
R
2016.II.8
Milano
MilanoAllevDeFE
NS
518171
5035890
M_chloris
M
R
1996.IV.18
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
M_diffinis
MPe
R
2002.VII.3
Taro
Taro2Compiano
552416
4926985
M_pedellus
MPe
R
1995.III.12
Varese
VareseSchiranna2
483302
5071733
M_rydalensis
MPe
R
2002.V.15
Taro
Taro2Cm
552307
4926989
N_brayi
Pe
F
1991.IV.9
Bacchiglione
Ferrarese
673948
5088492
L_agrayloides
Pe
R
2004.VI.30
Segrino
Segrino51
520640
5075253
P_nigrohalteralis
L
R
2007.V.25
ComoComo
Como44Valmadre
ra10
528729
5078674
P_orophila
L
R
2009.IX.4
MaggioreVares
e
Magg35Ranco10b
466348
5071691
Sergentia_spA
L
CNR
IRSA
1963.VII.-
Carezza
Carezza
695971
5143602
P_flavipes
M
R
1995.X.21
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
P_punctipes
M
R
1986.IV.21
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
P_U_convictum
M
R
1996.VIII.29
Olona
RancioValcuvia
490890
5042301
P_U_cultellatum
M
R
1980.V.3
Milano
MilanoPV
511170
5035678
P_P_nubens
M
R
1996.VII.18
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
P_P_sordens
M
R
2009.IV.11
Milano
OrtoBotanico
518361
5035791
P_P_tritum
M
R
2016.I.25
Milano
MilanoAllevDeFE
NS
518171
5035890
P_P_uncinatum
M
R
2009.IV.14
Milano
OrtoBotanico
518361
5035791
P_T_acifer
MPe
R
1978.IX.21
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
P_T_aegyptium
M
R
1982.V.28
PoCremona
CRTNbp7
571166
4993407
P_T_apfelbecki
Pe
R
2004.VI.12
ComoComo
Como09Argegno0
00
509955
5087903
P_T_bicrenatum
M
R
1995.VI.3
MaggioreVares
e
MaggAngera10
467178
5068511
P_T_pullum
M
R
1982.VII.6
PoCremona
CRTNbp7
571166
4993407
P_T_quadriguttatum
M
R
1979.IX.12
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
P_T_scalaenum
M
R
1980.VIII.29
Aterno
Vera
867092
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P_P_acutum
M
R
1978.IV.23
Presanella
Stavel
627964
5126164
P_P_albicorne
MPeL
R
1976.VI.-
Acqualba
Acqualba02
449489
5075773
P_P_laetum
MPe
R
1982.IV.19
Brembo
BremboAlm
546934
5065510
P_P_lene
M
R
2001.VI.18
Milano
OasiLipu
510278
5052140
P_P_nubeculosum
M
R
1995.VII.1
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
P_P_nubifer
M
R
2017.III.15
AddaLC
Curone
530323
5060630
P_P_pedestre
M
R
1983.VI.6
Olona
SettMilanese
504121
5035671
Polypedilum_Pe_1
Pe
R
1991.IV.9
Bacchiglione
Ferrarese
673948
5088492
L_araenicola
L
R
2006.X.5
Milano
CavaCaMorta
505562
5069712
E_albipennis
Pe
R
1994.IV.27
Varese
VareseSchiranna2
483302
5071733
E_tendens
M
R
1984.VII.9
Endine
Endine
573105
5069667
S_dispar
L
R
1974.VII.26
PoPiacenza
IsSerPc
571564
4994569
S_impar
M
R
1995.VII.7
Miage
Miagetorbiera
334131
5071516
Stc_maculipennis
Pe
R
1982.V.17
PoPiacenza
DCO62I
567578
4993863
S_pictulus
M
R
1995.X.7
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
S_gibbus
M
R
2004.VIII.3
Lugano
LuganoPorlezza
498709
5090441
S_ranzii
M
R
1982.VII.6
PoPiacenza
DCO73
570823
4992986
S_spatuliger
M
R
1986.V.8
MantovaSup
MantovaPtaPrete
641545
4999432
F_lacustris
L
R
2006.V.3
Viverone
ViveroneVT1LII
425028
5028684
D_lobiger
M
R
1988.VIII.3
Tovel
TovelPM
650303
5125065
D_nervosus
L
R
1987.V.12
Varese
VareseSchiranna2
483302
5071733
D_notatus
MPe
R
2009.VIII.14
Milano
AllevamentoBiodi
p
518223
5035821
D_peringueyanus
M
R
1983.X.6
Dirillo
Dirillo125
1005111
4123980
D_pulsus
M
R
1996.VI.15
ComoComo
Como35Onno
523700
5083321
D_tritomus
Pe
R
2004.VI.22
Lugano
LuganoPorlezza
498709
5090441
G_C_foliicola
Pe
R
2005.IX.28
AnnoneEst
AnnoneE01
526888
5073664
G_C_imbecilis
Pe
R
2001.IX.10
GardaBrescia
Garda50Peschiera
lit
631591
5034162
G_H_signatus
Pe
R
2004.VI.22
Montorfano
Montorfano
510738
5070196
G_G_cauliginellus
MPe
R
1981.I.15
PoPiacenza
IsSerafiniCattivell
i
571320
4994216
G_G_pallens
M
R
1995.IX.21
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
G_G_paripes
L
F
1978.-.-
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
B_carbonaria
L
R
2005.III.17
AnnoneEst
AnnoneE07
527182
5073692
C_L_dorsalis
MPe
R
2010.IV.27
AddaMIlano
OasiLeFoppe01
539786
5051680
C_C_tentans
M
R
1982.III.26
PoPiacenza
DCO73
570823
4992986
C_Campt_spA
L
R
1996.IV.25
Varese
VareseSchiranna2
483302
5071733
C_C_alpestris
MPe
R
1997.III.19
Trebbia
Bobbiofitodep
531655
4957200
Chironomus_spA
Pe
R
2004.VI.3
Garlate
Garlate
532270
5072531
C_C_annularius
MPe
R
1997.IV.8
Trebbia
Bobbiofitodep
531655
4957200
C_C_acerbiphilus
chrom
R
1999.III.24
Toce
Toce01
446435
5105763
C_C_anthracinus
M
R
1996.X.31
Monate
Monate370
473415
5071716
C_C_venustus
M
R
2005.IV.3
Caldonazzo
Caldonazzo
673408
5099231
C_C_aprilinus
MPe
R
2016.I.26
Secchia
Poiano
614496
4915686
C_C_calipterus
MPe
R
1979.VII.2
rioMannu
PulaFoce
501348
4317627
C_C_luridus
MPe
R
1997.III.19
Trebbia
Bobbiofitodep
531655
4957200
C_C_melanotus
MPe
R
2000.III.10
PoPiacenza
IsSerafiniCattivell
i
571320
4994216
C_C_obtusidens
chrom
R
2006.XII.4
PoPiacenza
IsSerafiniCattivell
i
571320
4994216
C_C_plumosus
MPe
R
2006.VII.10
Milano
AllevamentoBiodi
p
518223
5035821
C_C_riparius
MPe
R
1982.IV.18
Brembo
BremboClanezzo
561912
5098159
C_C_salinarius
chrom
R
2016.V.25
Lecce
Lecce
1281713
4516495
C_C_lugubris
M
R
2010.IX.9
AddaMIlano
OasiLeFoppe03
539786
5051680
C_C_prasinus
MPe
R
1980.XII.18
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
C_C_pseudothummi
M
R
2011.VII.16
AddaMIlano
OasiLeFoppe01
539786
5051680
K_tendipediformis
M
R
1981.IV.23
PoCremona
CRTNbp1
571166
4993338
K_pusilla
Pe
R
1981.VIII.31
PoPiacenza
DCO22L
570493
4992088
B_noctivagus
M
R
1978.IX.6
rioMannu
Molentargius
502876
4344594
E_pagana
L
F
1978
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088

Rossaro et al., 2019 Biogeographia 34: 59–85
81
X_xenolabis
M
R
1986.X.9
MantovaSup
MantovaPtaPrete
641545
4999432
C_cornea
L
F
1981
Bacchiglione
Bacchiglione
730089
5022385
C_bicarinatum
Pe
R
2004.V.11
Segrino
Segrino51
520640
5075253
Cladopelma_edwardsi
Pe
R
2004.IX.30
Pusiano
Pusianolake
521477
5071293
C_virescens
M
R
1996.VII.1
Varese
VareseSchiranna2
483302
5071733
C_viridulum
MPe
R
1996.I.4
MaggioreVares
e
Magg30Angera
467223
5068528
C_holsatus
L
R
2005.IV.6
Lamar
Lamar
659332
5107182
C_pseudotener
Pe
R
2003.V.13
Taro
Taro5
594500
4962000
M_tener
M
R
1986.V.8
MantovaSup
MantovaBelfiore
641545
4999432
P_gracilior
Pe
R
2004.IX.20
Monate
Monate822
474965
5070929
P_biannulatus
Pe
R
2004.VI.23
Iseo
IseoSarnico
574536
5056535
P_cinctellus
M
R
1994.IV.27
Varese
VareseSchiranna2
483302
5071733
P_frequens
Pe
R
2004.VI.1
GardaBrescia
Garda12Toscolan
o10
626038
5054520
P_parilis
MPe
R
1980.VI.15
AddaMIlano
OasiLeBine
539786
5051680
P_monochromus
M
R
1982.VI.23
PoPiacenza
DCO73
570823
4992986
P_varus
MPe
R
2006.V.3
Viverone
Viverone2A
424549
5028953
P_vitiosus
Pe
R
2004.VI.16
Monate
Monate
473629
5071882
Acalcarella_spA
L
R
1990.IX.16
Mignone
Arrone
776160
4653385
P_nigritulum
Pe
R
2004.VII.30
GardaBrescia
Garda13Toscolan
o15
626127
5054418
P_laminatum
M
R
2004.V.20
TicinoMIlano
TicCast5
482342
5037704
P_mikianum
Pe
R
1979.IX.8
Pisgana
Oglio
607753
5121442
P_camptolabis
Pe
R
2004.V.20
MaggioreVares
e
Magg45Castellett
oTicino
469336
5063754
B_tethys
M
R
1981.VII.15
PoPiacenza
DCO62I
567578
4993863
B_zabolotzskyi
MPe
R
1979.IX.4
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
H_angularis
M
R
1981.IV.23
PoCremona
CRTNconcanavig
571269
4993342
H_curtilamellata
Pe
R
1978.IX.21
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
H_fuscimanus
M
R
1986.V.8
MantovaMezzo
Mantovamezzo
641730
5002600
C_albofasciatus
M
R
1986.V.20
MantovaSup
MantovaBesutti
641545
4999432
C_defectus
Pe
R
2004.VI.7
Varese
VareseBiandronn
o
479906
5073420
C_obreptans
Pe
R
2004.VII.12
Varese
VareseSchiranna
483302
5071733
C_rostratus
MPe
R
1981.I.15
PoPiacenza
IsSerafinidispositi
vo
571168
4993426
C_supplicans
MPe
R
1978.I.18
PoPiacenza
IsSerafinidispositi
vo
571168
4993426
Saetheria_reissi
PeM
R
1986.VIII.6
PotenzaMacera
ta
Potenza13
878102
4818597
C_macrocera
L
F
1978.-.-
PoPiacenza
DCO22A
570493
4992088
R_demeijrei
MPeL
R
1980.VII.14
PoPiacenza
DCO92G
575998
4997271
Robackia_spA
Pe
R
1980.IX.15
PoPiacenza
DCO22L
570493
4992088
D_vulneratus
Pe
R
2004.VII.30
GardaBrescia
Garda19bManerb
a05b
623421
5045622
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to the numerous students of
Università degli Studi di Milano and Università
degli Studi di L’Aquila, to Prof. Uberto
Ferrarese (Padova), and to Dr. Valeria Lencioni
(MUSE) who contributed to the identification
and collection of samples in different regions in
Italy.
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Submitted: 12 March 2019
First decision: 13 June 2019
Accepted: 21 July 2019
Edited by Anna Papadopoulou