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Effect of Pranayama on audio visual reaction time in the medical and paramedical students

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... TC instead may be related to the organism reaction time, which varies with age, gender, athletic skills, physical activity levels, body mass index, and pathological conditions, and can be shortened through yoga, meditation, breathing techniques, and physical training (A. Jain et al., 2015;Bhavanani et al., 2017;Chandak & Makwana, 2012;Fozard et al., 1994;Gupta et al., 2019;Jadhav et al., 2016;Jore et al., 2013;Karia et al., 2012;Kumbhar et al., 2020;Lohot et al., 2017;Malathi & Parulkar, 1989;Muhil et al., 2014;Nene et al., 2011;Nikam & Gadkari, 2012;P. Jain et al., 2014;Pandian et al., 2019;Patil & Phatale, 2015;Pophali et al., 2018;Ramanathan & Bha-vanani, 2020;Rupali & Aruna, 2020;Șenol et al., 2020;Sivagami & Bhutkar, 2018). ...
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This is the second part of a research work to study the reliability of the Apparatus for Meridian Identification (AMI), an electrodermal device that measures the response of acupuncture points (acupoints) located on the tips of fingers and toes. In the first part, the literature reviews on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the AMI, as well as the functioning of the device, were discussed. In this second part, previous reliability studies on acupoint electrodermal devices are reviewed, reporting their positive findings, and an original experiment is presented, to study the performance of the AMI. The measurement variability and working of this device were investigated, evaluating its capacity to assess human bioenergetics and Chi energy activity throughout the body meridians. The experiment involved 100 healthy participants, who were measured 5 times in the same psychophysical condition: In the analysis, it was determined whether the AMI could provide informative, meaningful, and repeatable assessments of the participants' biofield and subtle energy anatomy, in accordance with TCM principles. Results showed that the AMI parameters return accurate and valuable information about the human bioenergetic system and psychophysical status. Among the results, it was found that the Chi energy relationships between Yin and Yang meridians are consistent with those predicted by TCM, thus validating this millenary philosophy and practice. This trend is best reflected in the acupoint Before-Polarization (BP) current, compared to other electrodermal parameters, revealing its importance for subtle energy research. Considering their reliability, scientific investigations and clinical applications with acupoint electrodermal devices are encouraged.
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Introduction: Yoga practices are known to have beneficial effect on cognitive functions. Reaction is a purposeful voluntary response to external stimuli. Reaction time is a component of skill related fitness. Humans gives response to different external environmental stimuli with different speed. Majority of daily work is done in response to visual and auditory stimuli. Yoga practices may improve reaction time. Objectives: To study influence of yoga practices on auditory reaction time and visual reaction time. Methods: Researchers used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Researchers searched articles on PubMed, Google scholar and by manual search. Searched articles were screened for relevancy. By use of inclusion and exclusion criteria potential articles were selected. Results: Out of 287articles, finally 5 studies included in current meta-analysis. Yoga activities has effect on visual reaction time (VRT): SMD = 3.06, 95% CI = –0.66–6.78, P < 0.01 and auditory reaction time (ART): SMD = 2.86, 95% CI = –0.37–6.09. Conclusion: Yogic activities can provide beneficial effect on reaction time. Improved reaction time is important for reactive activity like sports. Yoga can be useful as a part of training in skill related work. There is wide scope for further studies to evaluate beneficial effects of yoga activities.
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Background: Reaction time is very important for our e processing and motor performance. Yoga has shown significant results in decreasing Reaction time. Hence, this study was carried out to find out the short students. Method: This study was an experimental study performed on 42 female volunteers (21 in each group) for 2 weeks between the age group of 19 exercises and 21 subjects in the experimental gro measured in both the groups using Deary Liewald Reaction time task software pre and post 2 weeks intervention. Reaction time was measured again at the end of 3 Results: The Suryanamaskar group showed significant difference when compared to the control group (p value <0.001) There was a significant difference seen in the pre and post readings of Suryanamaskar group (p value<0.001) Conclusion: Suryanamaskar produced significant shortening of Reaction time in can be beneficial in improving reaction time as an effective means to improve neuromuscular abilities. Keywords: Reaction time, Suryanamaskar, Yoga. INTRODUCTION Reaction time is one of the most important components of motor movements. It is a purposeful voluntary response to external stimulus. The time taken between application of the stimulus and its appropriate voluntary response is called the reaction time.1 Reaction time is a simple and non invasive test for central as well as peripheral neural structures.
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The application of computer based technology in medical education system is being both the rewarding and challenging. The introduction of different material based learning aids including computer applications in the form of various softwares , use of Lcd projectors ,internet and telecommunications has the potential of changing the face of medical education. In India, an application of technology in medical education is on the way to rise. Every medical teacher should know these newer trends and changes in technology. Role of medical education technology unit is really vital in this changing century. Innovative medical learning technology is essential for helping medical students for their future. Institutions should pay attention towards these changing modes like arrival of 3G internet services in India, also setting up of Wi-Fi campus will really help the students. In future, the scope of technology applications in the medical education system in India will really make dramatic changes at every level. Keywords: Medical education technology unit, Medical education. Keynotes: Role of MET units in medical education, current trends in medical education.
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Background: Reaction time is one of the important methods to study a person’s central information processing speed and is an index of sensory, motor and cognitive processes. Auditory reaction time, an important psychophysical method useful for relating mental events to physical measures is significantly correlated to changes in breathing period. Objective of the study was to evaluate effect of Anulom Vilom pranayam on auditory reaction time. Methods: 60 volunteers from a tertiary care hospital of Mumbai were divided into two groups (study group and control group) of 30 each. Study group practised Anulom Vilom pranayam for 8 weeks. Control group were busy in their routine activities during that period. Pre-study and post-study measurements of auditory reaction times for high tone and low tone were done in both groups. Results: Statistical analysis was carried out and paired t-test was applied. Post-study auditory reaction time of study group for high tone and low tone showed significant decline than control group. Conclusions: Anulom Vilom pranayam which observed to reduce auditory reaction time have health promoting, boosting, toning effects on central neural structures; quantity, pattern of release of neurotransmitters and mental interaction involved in information processing. In light of the influence of psychosocial stressors, inappropriate nutrition and lack of physical activity in modern life on the development of stress related disorders, Anulom Vilom pranayam may have considerable potential in its prevention and is complementary to overall stress management.
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There is evidence that the practice of yoga improves physical and mental performance. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of yoga training on visual and auditory reaction times (RTs), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), 40 mmHg test, breath holding time after expiration (BHTexp), breath holding time after inspiration (BHTinsp), and hand grip strength (HGS). Twenty seven student volunteers were given yoga training for 12 weeks. There was a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in visual RT (from 270.0 +/- 6.20 (SE) to 224.81 +/- 5.76 ms) as well as auditory RT (from 194.18 +/- 6.00 to 157.33 +/- 4.85 ms). MEP increased from 92.61 +/- 9.04 to 126.46 +/- 10.75 mmHg, while MIP increased from 72.23 +/- 6.45 to 90.92 +/- 6.03 mmHg, both these changes being statistically significant (P < 0.05). 40 mmHg test and HGS increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 36.57 +/- 2.04 to 53.36 +/- 3.95 s and 13.78 +/- 0.58 to 16.67 +/- 0.49 kg respectively. BHTexp increased from 32.15 +/- 1.41 to 44.53 +/- 3.78s (P < 0.01) and BHTinsp increased from 63.69 +/- 5.38 to 89.07 +/- 9.61 s (P < 0.05). Our results show that yoga practice for 12 weeks results in significant reduction in visual and auditory RTs and significant increase in respiratory pressures, breath holding times and HGS.
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Visual and auditory reaction time (VRT, ART) was studied in 83 healthy male subjects of 30-40 years of age who had never practiced yogasanas before. These subjects were divided into two groups viz. Group A whose VRT and ART was determined after 1 hr. yogasanas and Group B whose ART and VRT was determined after 6 weeks yogasanas training programme. VRT and ART showed a significant reduction in Group A (P less than .05) and Group B (P less than .001).
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Simple reaction time of hands and feet was studied in normal subjects (47 males, and 17 females) to visual and auditory stimuli using an electric circuit and recording points of stimulus and action on a fast moving kymograph. There are significant differences between reaction times of hands and feet, right side and left side, males and females and between auditory and visual reaction times (ART and VRT). Both VRT and ART were significantly faster in hands. Delayed response of left side (LH and LF), was more marked in feet with ART. On crossing hands, both VRT and ART took more time in RH. Males responded faster than females, difference being significant mainly in ART and that too on left side. ART was slightly faster than VRT. Faster response of right side was probably due to the fact that all the subjects were right handed persons.
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The respiratory system has traditionally been viewed to be capable of meeting the substantial demands for ventilation and gas exchange and the cardiopulmonary interactions imposed by short-term maximum exercise or long-term endurance exercise. Recent studies suggest that specific respiratory muscle (RM) training can improve the endurance and strength of the respiratory muscles in healthy humans. The effects of RM training on exercise performance remains controversial. When whole-body exercise performance is evaluated using submaximal fixed work-rate tests, significant improvements are seen and smaller, but significant improvements have also been reported in placebo-trained individuals. When performance is measured using time-trial type performance measures versus fixed workload tests, performance is increased to a much lesser extent with RM training. It appears that RM training influences relevant measures of physical performance to a limited extent at most. Interpretation of the collective literature is difficult because most studies have utilised relatively small sample sizes and very few studies have used appropriate control or placebo groups. Mechanisms to explain the purported improvements in exercise performance remain largely unknown. However, possible candidates include improved ratings of breathing perception, delay of respiratory muscle fatigue, ventilatory efficiency, or blood-flow competition between respiratory and locomotor muscles. This review summarises the current literature on the physiology of RM training in healthy individuals and critically evaluates the possible implications for exercise performance.
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Although yoga appears to be popular in the United States, there are no published studies on yoga's prevalence or patterns of use. In 1998 we surveyed by telephone a nationally representative sample of 2055 English-speaking U.S. adults (60% weighted response rate) regarding yoga use. Of the respondents, 7.5% used yoga at least once in their lifetime and 3.8% used yoga in the previous 12 months. Respondents who used yoga at least once were more likely than non-users to be female (68% vs. 51%), college educated (68% vs. 45%), and urban dwellers (93% vs. 74%). Factors independently associated with yoga use at least once included female gender (OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.7-3.8]), baby boomer age group (ages 34-53) compared to pre-baby boomers (> or = 54 (2.3 [1.4-4.0]), education beyond high school (2.2 [1.4-3.5]), residing in large and small metropolitan areas compared to non-metropolitan areas (3.8 [1.8-7.8] and 2.7 [1.3-5.8], respectively), and use of other CAM therapies (5.3 [2.7-10.5]). Of respondents using yoga in the previous 12 months, 64% reported using yoga for wellness, 48% for health conditions, and 21% specifically for back or neck pain. Ninety percent felt yoga was very or somewhat helpful and 76% did not report spending money related to their yoga. In 1998 an estimated 15.0 million American adults had used yoga at least once in their lifetime and 7.4 million during the previous year. Yoga was used for both wellness and specific health conditions often with perceived helpfulness and without expenditure.
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