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Investigation and Survey on the Standardization of China’s carbon
emission trading market Based on the Enterprise Demand Analysis
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ICEMEE2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (2019) 052055
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052055
1
Investigation and Survey on the Standardization of China’s
carbon emission trading market Based on the Enterprise
Demand Analysis
Huiting Guo, Mei Liu*, Sinan Zhang, Ming Yang and Xuezhi Zhao
China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: liumei@cnis.gov.cn
Abstract. In 2017, China’s carbon emission trading market was officially launched. This paper
investigates on the needs of carbon emission standardization in key industrial fields such as
chemical industry, building material industry and paper industry. To provide the standardized
support for the stability, expansion and sustainable development of China’s carbon emission
trading market, this paper proposes the direction of the standardization construction that is
urgently needed by key industries in China’s carbon emission transaction.
1. Introduction
Climate change has become a common concern across the world. The emergence of the phenomena
such as global warming, sea level rise and extreme weather has seriously affected the harmonious
development of the human’s living environment and the entire ecosystem. From the adoption of the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on May 9, 1992 to the 24th Conference of
the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, held on December 5,
2018, all countries are positive in response to climate change.
Carbon trading is an effective means to control and distribute carbon emissions through the market
mechanism, and ultimately reach the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In October 2011,
the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice Regarding Start of Carbon
Trading Pilots, and approved seven provinces and cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin,
Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong and Shenzhen to implement the carbon trading pilot program. In
September 2015, the U.S.-China Joint Presidential Statement on Climate Change proposed that China
would launch the national carbon emission trading system in 2017. In December 2017, the National
Development and Reform Commission issued the National Carbon Emission Trading Market
Construction Plan (Power Generation Industry), which marked the national carbon market had been
completed in the overall design and was officially launched. As of November 26, 2018, the transaction
volume had reached 270 million tons of carbon dioxide, with a turnover of more than RMB 6 billion[2].
2. Standardization Needs of China’s Carbon Emission Trading Market
On the basis of the issued national policies and standardized documents, we carried out the
investigation on the construction of the standardization system for different industries, aiming to
summarize the need for standardization of key emissions industries in the carbon emissions trading
process.
ICEMEE2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (2019) 052055
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052055
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2.1 Investigation Objects
In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the National Carbon Emission
Trading Market Construction Plan (Power Generation Industry), which proposes to start the national
carbon emission trading system with the power generation industry as the breakthrough; and gradually
expand it to other industries. The first-stage plan for the national carbon market covers eight industries,
i.e. petrochemical, chemical, building material, steel, nonferrous metal, paper, power and aviation.
Therefore, this investigation mainly focused on the building materials, paper, power, chemical, steel,
nonferrous metals, electronics and petrochemicals industries in pilot and related provinces and cities,
and analyzed their need for the standardization of carbon emission trading. The total number of
investigated samples is 291 enterprises, including 201 interviews on phone, 84 paper questionnaires,
and 6 online research systems. The industry distribution map is shown in Figure 1:
Figure 1. Distribution Map of Investigated Industries
2.2 Investigation on Industries’ Need for Standardization
According to the characteristics and actual conditions of carbon emission trading in each pilot
province and city, combined with the current key standardization areas supporting China’s carbon
emission trading, we carried out an investigation in terms of the need for standardization on the
aspects of project emission reduction, carbon emission limit per unit product (service), metering
monitoring, management system, data quality, low-carbon technologies, low-carbon evaluation,
carbon sinks, and product carbon footprints by accounting and verification. Due to limitation of space,
we only selected four major industries, i.e. electric power, chemical industry, building material and
paper industries for the statistical analysis according to the distribution of the investigated industries in
Fig.1. The investigation results are as follows:
(1) Electricity
ICEMEE2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (2019) 052055
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052055
3
Figure 2. Standards that the electricity industry can support the carbon market in the future. Data
source: ACMR investigation data + On Line data + questionnaire recovery data（Number of samples:
N=45）
(2) Chemical
Figure 3. Standards that the chemical industry can support the carbon market in the future. Data source:
ACMR investigation data + On Line data + questionnaire recovery data（Number of samples: N=48）
(3) Building Material
ICEMEE2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (2019) 052055
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052055
4
Figure 4. Standards that the building material industry can support the carbon market in the future.
Data source: ACMR investigation data + On Line data + questionnaire recovery data（Number of
samples: N=30）
(4) Paper
Figure 5. Standards that the paper industry can support the carbon market in the future. Data source:
ACMR investigation data + On Line data + questionnaire recovery data（Number of samples: N=30）
2.3 Analysis of the needs for standardization of different industries
In general, the enterprise respondents agree that “industrial accounting and reporting standards”,
“verification standards” and “carbon emission metering & monitoring requirements standards” are the
top three among the standards that can support the carbon market in the future, and the proportions are
90.3%, 86.9% and 73.4% respectively.
From the situation of industries, the enterprise respondents from the chemical, building material,
paper, and power industries generally believe that the top two of the standards that can support the
carbon market in the future are “industrial accounting and reporting standards” and “verification
standards”. As for the third one, their opinions are a little different. The proportion of the chemical
industry is 95.8% in the industrial accounting and reporting standards, 89.6% in the verification
ICEMEE2019
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (2019) 052055
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052055
5
standards and 79.2% in the project emission reduction accounting and verification standards; the
proportion of the building material industry is 93.3% in the verification standards, 86.7% in the
industrial accounting and reporting standards, and 70.0% in the carbon emission management system
standards; the proportion of the paper industry is 96.7% in the industrial accounting and reporting
standards, 93.3% in the verification standards and 80.0% in the unit product (service) carbon emission
limit standards; and the proportion of the power industry is 96.7% in the industrial accounting and
reporting standards, 93.3% in the verification standards and 80.0% in the unit product (service) carbon
emission limit standards”.
3. Conclusion
China has achieved good results since the establishment of the national carbon emission trading
market, which has stimulated the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in carbon emissions trading
to a certain extent. However, due to the lack of standards and the insufficient incompatibility of
various standards with respect of data acquisition, data quality, accounting, monitoring and metering,
and carbon limit, the needs for standards of different industries participate in carbon emissions trading
cannot be met, as the result, only a little number of industries get involved in the carbon emission
trading market in China at present, without covering China’s key emission industries. Therefore, it is
necessary to implement management and supervision of the carbon emission trading chain properly,
improve the standard system, and develop the standards in relevant fields according to different
characteristics of the industries, which is the base to support the stable, expanding and continuous
operation of China’s carbon emission trading market.
Acknowledgments
This paper is funded by the National Key R&D Program of China “Research and pilot application of
important standards for greenhouse gas management in typical industries such as papermaking and
petrochemicals" (Grant No. 2016YFF0204401).
References
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The volume of national carbon emission transactions has reached 270 million tons, (2018)
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Chen Jianhua, et.al. (2017) Research on the national standard system supporting the carbon
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Hua Liu, Wenhong Wu. (2017). Standardization Practice of Enterprise Carbon Emission
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Wenhong Wu, Hua Liu. Exploration of Enterprise Carbon Emission Information Disclosure
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