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The very last of the Norfolk Island Boobook

July 2019

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Penny D. Olsen

Australian National University

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Lapita Colonization across the Near/Remote Oceania Boundary

December 2011 · Current Anthropology

Peter J. Sheppard

The Lapita colonization of Remote Oceania involved rapid expansion from New Guinea across one-tenth of the circumference of the earth. Implicit in most discussions of this phenomenon is a standard wave-of-advance model founded on demographic growth and the economic advantage provided by food production. The Lapita movement is also routinely embedded within a much larger narrative of the expansion ... [Show full abstract] of Austronesian languages and peoples out of Southeast Asia into Island Melanesia and ultimately east through East Polynesia. Although this simple narrative is very attractive, as more data become available, the details of segments of the “Austronesian” expansion require revision in order to reconcile the data from archaeology, linguistics, and biology. This paper looks closely at recent data on the Lapita portion of the “Austronesian” expansion and concludes that it is best explained as a leapfrog rather than a wave-of-advance movement out of New Guinea into Remote Oceania. This has important implications for those interested in modeling linguistic and biological variation in the region and highlights the potential importance of historical accident over process in our understanding of culture history.

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Report on 40 cases of dengue (serotype 3) in a military camp during the epidemic in New Caledonia (1...

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An epidemic of dengue occurred at the beginning of 1989 in New Caledonia. About 18 p.c. of the population was stricken (25,000 to 30,000 estimated clinical cases). The military camp of Plum was stricken too, but a prompt vector control was established. 8.6 p.c. of the strength was affected by classical dengue without severe hemorrhagic manifestations. Such prevalence is lower than the one rated ... [Show full abstract] in the civil population, demonstrating the major importance of vector control to limit spreading of such an epidemic as a tetravalent vaccine is not yet available.

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January 1997

In New Caledonia, the use of Thiodan (endosulfan) for the control of Hypothenemus hampei on coffee for 10 years has led to control failures due to the emergence and spread of resistance. Research was conducted to characterise this resistance, develop appropriate tools for early detection, map its origin and investigate the genetic basis. Various bioassays were used to study the distribution of ... [Show full abstract] resistance and temporal changes. Resistance was found in 5 of 15 regions, but resistance frequency declined after endosulfan use was discontinued. Transects across endosulfan-treated fields indicated higher resistance levels near the roadside. Air-blast applications, in combination with limited gene flow were key factors for this distribution. A GABA receptor gene, which appeared to be homologous with the rdl gene in Drosophila , showed a single amino acid substitution in resistant H. hampei at the same site as in other cyclodiene-resistant insects. Crosses between resistant and susceptible genotypes indicated intermediate dominance, with functional haplodiploidy. Gene or chromosome inactivation occurred in males, through loss of the paternal set of chromosomes. Cytological investigations showed that only the maternally derived complement was transmitted and expressed, being condensed and non-functional when paternally derived.