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Etude des Carabiques de parcelles agricoles de la plaine d’Alsace (Coleoptera Caraboidea).
Abstract
Revue : L’Entomologiste
... Le cas de C. germanica est plus surprenant. Fréquente un peu partout jadis, les populations semblent avoir régressé depuis le xxe siècle, au moins en France et en Allemagne [Richoux, 2014 ;Binon et al., 2015 ;Trautner, 2017 ;Chapelin-Viscardi et al., 2019]. L'espèce est normalement inféodée aux prairies inondables et aux plages sablovaseuses des cours d'eau [Jeannel, 1941 ;Genoud et al., 2014 ;Richoux, 2014]. ...
... L'espèce est normalement inféodée aux prairies inondables et aux plages sablovaseuses des cours d'eau [Jeannel, 1941 ;Genoud et al., 2014 ;Richoux, 2014]. Elle a cependant de plus en plus été observée dans de nombreux milieux herbeux parfois très anthropisés comme les prairies de fauche, les pelouses de jardins publics ou dans des parcelles agricoles où des effectifs considérables ont par exemple été relevés en Alsace [Richoux, 2014 ;Callot, 2017 ;Chapelin-Viscardi et al., 2019] et en Ardèche [F. Cabon, obs. ...
Les données de six espèces de Carabidae observées dans le département de l’Aude lors de prospections personnelles des auteurs sont présentées. Elles sont commentées et remises dans le contexte de connaissance globale et dans certains cas de conservation de ces espèces. Ces dernières sont Cylindera paludosa (L. Dufour, 1820), Apotomus rufus (Rossi, 1790), Paussus favieri Fairmaire, 1851, Trechus latebricola Kiesenwetter, 1850, Chlaenius circumscriptus (Duftschmid, 1812) et Paradromius longiceps (Dejean, 1826).
... Les Poecilus sont des Carabiques dont on dénombre en France onze espèces qui occupent des habitats très variés [Coulon & Pupier, 2014]. Poecilus cupreus (L., 1758) est la plus ubiquiste, notamment présente en milieu agricole, ce qui fait d'elle une espèce fort étudiée [Zangger et al., 1994 ;Maryanski et al., 2002 ;Chapelin-Viscardi et al., 2019 ;Guilbert et al., 2019]. Les autres espèces sont généralement moins communes et plus exigeantes en termes d'habitat. ...
Poecilus striatopunctatus (Duftschmid, 1812) is reported again in France after a long time without
any mention.
Earlier authors demonstrated that wetland species of the genus Brachinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are pupal ectoparasitoids of water beetles of the families Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae and Hydrophilidae. Here we demonstrate that the dryland species, Brachinus explodens and B. crepitans, develop on pupae of ground beetles of the genus Amara (Carabidae). As Brachinus and Amara species often occur together at high densities in crops, the rearing of both Brachinus species was followed in the laboratory. Females laid eggs in the soil and the first instar larva searched for a host. After finding an Amara pupa, a Brachinus larva bit it and then fed on haemolymph exuding from the wound. The second instar larva continued feeding in this way. The third instar larva attached the Amara pupa to its dorsum and ate it completely within c. 2 days. Feeding was followed by a resting phase and moulting to pupa and adult. The total post-embryonic development was completed within 20 days in B. explodens and 24 days in B. crepitans at 24.7 °C.
Des clés d'identification illustrées et commentées sont données pour toutes les espèces de Bembidions de la faune française. Les édéages de toutes les espèces sont représentés. Cette dernière partie traite des groupes Sinechostictus, Phyla, Metallina, Odontium et Asaphidion.
The effects of two acute stresses, mowing and burning, on the arthropod component of an experimental grassland ecosystem were investigated. Oats (Avena sativa L.) were planted in two comparable and adjacent 1-acre areas. Midway in the growing season (July), one area was mowed and the other areas was both mowed and burned. Density and biomass were used to measure the effects of both stresses on the total arthropod community, while species diversity and equitability were used to analyze the species composition and apportionment of the Coleoptera. Effects of mowing on arthropod density and biomass appeared to be relatively brief (2 weeks) as compared with those of burning (3 months). This difference was attributed to a shift from live primary producer energy to detritus in the mowed area, as compared to the almost complete destruction of the energy source in the burned area. Coleoptera species/area diversity was significantly lower (P
This review article on carabids in sustainable agro-ecosystems of the temperate Northern hemisphere presents a compilation of the available knowledge on the significance of carabids for natural pest control and the effects of cultivation methods (except pesticides) and landscape structural elements.Field carabids are species rich and abundant in arable sites, but are affected by intensive agricultural cultivation. For sampling, fenced pitfall trapping or pitfall trapping is recommended according to the type of study.Many of the assumed beneficial pest control activities of carabids are still based on laboratory feeding records. In the field, carabids have been demonstrated to reduce cereal and sugar beet aphid populations in their early colonization phase, mainly by foraging on aphids that have fallen from the vegetation. Egg predation on Dipteran eggs, e.g. the cabbage root fly, has been overestimated in earlier literature. Scattered data indicate carabidforaging on certain coleopteran pest larvae. In North America, some evidence has been found for control of pest lepidopterans. Larger carabids, e.g. Abax parallelepipedus, can effectively control slugs in greenhouses. Because of their spermophagous feeding habits, certain species of Harpalus and Amara could have some potential for biological weed control.As a result of their sensitive reaction to anthropogenic changes in habitat quality, carabids are considered of bioindicative value for cultivation impacts. Carabids seem to be negatively affected by deep ploughing and enhanced by reduced tillage systems. No negative effects have been found for mechanical weed control and flaming. Carabid recruitment is enhanced by proper organic fertilization and green manuring. Intensive nitrogen amendment might indirectly affect carabids by altering crop density and microclimate.Field carabid assemblages are not bound to a certain crop type, but shift in dominance according to the crop-specific rhythmicity of cultivation measures and changes in crop phenology and microclimate. Crop rotation effects could also be influenced by field-size dependent recolonization capability of carabids. They are enhanced by crop diversification in terms of monocrop heterogeneity and weediness as well as by intercropping and the presence of field boundaries, although corresponding increases in their pest reduction efficacy have not yet been evidenced.
Dramatic changes have occurred in agricultural landscapes of western Europe since the 1950s. Their effects on biodiversity have been documented at local scales in terms of agricultural practices and management of uncultivated elements, more than at the landscape level. The highest diversity of agricultural landscape structure found in Brittany (France) is characterised by hedgerows surrounding arable fields and permanent grasslands. Some areas did not change much over a few decades, while others were totally transformed by agricultural intensification, field enlargement and removal of hedges. The present paper aimed at examining if this landscape context affected carabid beetles communities in hedgerows. In 11 sites of 1 km2 each, land use diversity and heterogeneity, hedgerow connectivity and landscape openness were measured. Carabid beetles sampled in hedgerows were identified to species, and grouped in functional units. Multivariate analyses were used to relate the spatial distribution of insects to different parameters of landscape structure. The results show a significant relationship between landscape structure and carabid communities. Forest species were more abundant in dense hedgerow networks with a relatively high ratio of permanent grasslands. Landscape opening induced a shift in species composition; the relative abundance of large species decreased while small, mobile and more ubiquitous species were favoured. Two trajectories of landscape change were identified, which led to different responses in communities, the increase in maize for milk production opening the landscape far more than cereal crops associated with industrial pig or poultry production. Changes were most important in the latter case.
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