Obesity is a health problem in the community because it can cause a risk of degenerative diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Unhealthy lifestyles such as lack of physical activity by exercising, a diet high in carbohydrates and fats, can cause fat deposits in the body, especially in the abdomen. The use of chemical drugs such as Orlistat as a weight loss or to help reduce the risk of regaining lost weight, is less effective because it requires a long consumption time and the presence of side effects. Tin leaf content (Ficus carica Linn) is flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and steroids, tin leaf extract has IC50 150mg/L antioxidant activity. This study was to determine the anti-obesity activity of tin leaf extract in male Sprague-Dawley rats given a high fat diet. 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into 6 groups. The results obtained, in the group dose of 100 mg / kg obtained an average body weight of 381.8 grams, the test group 200 mg / kg obtained an average body weight of 414.5 grams, in the test group 400 mg / kg obtained 387 grams. The conclusion of this study is that the activity of Tin leaf extract (Ficus carica Linn) can be used as an anti-obesity.
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July 2018
: In the present study Crateva adansonii bark extracts were known to possess In vitro antioxidant activity, which
is subsequently evidenced by the presence of bioactive flavonoid in bark extracts of the plant analyzed by TLC. Qualitative
phytoconstituents screening of bark extracts revealed that all the major phytocompounds were present in both extracts.
Quantitative phytoconstituents analysis of
... [Show full abstract] the plant extracts revealed that methanolic bark extract contains the highest
amount of flavanoid, tannin and total phenol 11.29±0.34 mg of QE/g of bark extract, 3.27±0.41 mg of GAE/g of bark extract
and 47.20±1.27 mg of GAE/g of bark extract whereas chloroform bark extract contain highest alkaloidal content 6.32±0.59
mg of AE/g of bark extract. Determination of In vitro antioxidant activity by four different assays such as DPPH, ABTS,
Phosphomolybdate and Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay revealed that among two bark extracts methanolic
bark extract possess lowest IC50 value (152.25, 228.50, 168.60 and 127.50 µg) for four assay respectively having highest
and prominent In vitro antioxidant activity. Further TLC analysis of bark extract confirms the presence of bioactive
flavonoids on the basis of Rf value of the bark extracts. The results clearly indicates that bark extracts of Crateva adansonii
contain bioactive flavonoids with varied medicinal properties that can be exploited for the treatment of many diseases. View full-text Article
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March 2017 · Saintika Medika
Efek Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya, L.) terhadap Shigella dysenteriae secara In Vitro dengan Metode Dilusi Tabung dan Dilusi Agar. Daun pepaya merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung zat aktif, terdiri dari asam organic dan fitosterol, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, dan polifenol berfungsi sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri, salah satunya adalah Shigella
... [Show full abstract] dysenteriae. Tujuan untuk membuktikan efek antimikroba ekstrak etanol daun pepaya terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae secara in vitro. Penelitian memakai rancangan true experiments dengan menggunakan Post Test Only Control. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya yang digunakan adalah 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%,30% dan 2 kontrol (kontrol bahan dan kontrol kuman). Analisa data menggunakan one way ANOVA, korelasi, dan regresi. Hasil: Nilai KBM (Kadar Bunuh Minimal) pada konsentrasi 30%
Hasil uji one way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat signifikan antar perlakuan (p=0,004). Semakin
tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun pepaya, semakin besar kemampuan menghambat dan membunuh bakteri Shigella dysenteriae (r=-0,472). Pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun pepaya berpengaruh terhadap penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri Shigella dysenteriae per ml (106) (R2= 22,3%). Nilai KHM (Kadar Hambat Minimal)
pada konsentrasi 10%. Hasil uji one way ANOVA (p=0,066), pada uji korelasi (r=-0,564) dan pada uji regresi didapatkan (R2= 31,9%). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun pepaya memiliki efek antimikroba terhadap pertumbuhan koloni Shigella dysenteriae.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol daun pepaya, Shigelladysenteriae, KBM, KHM View full-text Article
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January 2019
Newbouldia leavis (NL) and Pepper fruit (PF) leaf extracts were investigated for their ability to impede corrosion of zinc in 0.5 M HCl by gravimetric and thermometric techniques. The results obtained showed that different concentrations of the (NL and PF) extracts hinder the corrosion of zinc in 0.5 M HCl. Inhibition efficiency of each extract varies with concentration, time of immersion and
... [Show full abstract] temperature. The values of activated energies were higher in the suppressed corrosion reaction of zinc than the values calculated for the blank. The thermodynamic study shows that the NL and PF leaf extracts adsorbed on the surface of zinc was spontaneous and follows Frumkin adsorption isotherm. Physical adsorption mechanism has been proposed for adsorption of these inhibitors on the surface of zinc metal. The most effective way to mitigate materials from corrosion is through the use of inhibitors. There are many inhibitors that can be used to protect materials from corrosion but some are of these are toxic and harmful to the environment. These prompted the search for natural inhibitors that are eco-friendly and biodegradable. Several works of literature have reported on the efficacy and efficient use this inhibitors [1-3]. The efficiency of biomass extracts in mitigating corrosion has been correctly linked with the organic constituents therein including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, fats and oil, and proteins as well as their hydrolyzed products. In addition, biomass resources are low-cost, readily available, and renewable. Generally, inhibitor molecules may physically or chemically adsorb on a corroding metal surface. In any case, adsorption is generally over the metal surface forming an adsorption layer that functions as a barrier protecting the metal from corrosion [4, 5]. It has been commonly recognized that an organic inhibitor usually promotes the formation of a chelate on a metal surface, by transferring electrons from the organic compounds to the metal and forming a coordinate covalent bond during the chemical adsorption [6]. In this way, the metal acts as an electrophile; and the nucleophile centers of inhibitor molecule are normally heteroatoms with free electron pairs that are readily available for sharing, to form a bond [7]. The power of the inhibition depends on the molecular structure of the inhibitor. Organic compounds, containing functional electronegative groups and electron in triple or conjugated double bonds, are usually good inhibitors. Heteroatoms, such as sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen, together with aromatic rings in their structure are the major adsorption centers. The planarity and the lone electron pairs in the heteroatoms are important features that determine the adsorption of molecules on the metallic surface [8]. View full-text Article
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January 2010 · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
The effect of processing on the proximate composition, antinutrient levels and mineral contents of (devil bean) Cleome rutidosperma seed were investigated. Quantitative analyses of the antinutrient composition revealed that boiling the bean for 1 h, changing and discarding the water twice reduced appreciably most of the antinutrient components in the bean including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins,
... [Show full abstract] saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, oxalate, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitors. The treatment had no effect on the composition of ash, crude fibre and fats. The same treatment decreased the composition of protein from 26.95 ± 0.02 to 20.30 ± 0.03%, moisture from 12.80 ± 0.01 to 11.82 ± 0.02%. The same processing increased the carbohydrate content from 48.50 ± 0.05 to 50.35 ± 0.02%. There was no significant difference (P≤0.05) observed in the mineral elements studied as a result of the treatment. The minerals include calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus. View full-text Article
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November 2017 · Jurnal Pharmascience
Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura ) secara empiris di masyarakat digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Salah satu potensi yang dimiliki dari daun kersen adalah sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa aktif yang dimiliki oleh daun kersen yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan diantaranya adalah fenolik, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan
... [Show full abstract] penetapan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etil asetat daun kersen (Muntingia calabura). Pembuatan ekstrak etil asetat daun kersen menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etil asetat. Analisis aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dengan pembanding vitamin C. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode spektrofotometri Ultra Ungu-Sinar Tampak dengan pembanding Quersetin. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa alkaloid, saponin, fenolik, flavonoid, dan tannin. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etil asetat daun kersen dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 53,25 µg/mL dengan penbanding vitamin C (IC50 25,74 µg/mL ). Hasil penetapan kadar flavonoid total sebesar 93,21 mgEQ/g Ekstrak. Kata kunci: antioksidan, flavonoid total, muntingia calabura View full-text September 2006 · Indian Drugs
Three laboratory preparations of Chyavanprash previously estimated spectrophotometrically for tannins content were further estimated for number of other phytoconstituents and the methods were developed to carry out simple and routine quality check. These laboratory batches were quantified for alkaloids, flavonoids, fats, and sugar contents. The values were statistically analyzed for precision
... [Show full abstract] among batches, which denote that all the three batches are nearly identical with very low margins of coefficients of variance indicating the higher degree of precision of results and methods. Industrial producers of this formulation as assistance to maintain the content uniformity among batches may adopt developed methods as economic, simple and routine quality assurance methods. Read more May 2016 · Jurnal e-Biomedik
Indonesia is a tropical country with more than 9,600 kinds of medicinal plants; one of them is papaya. Extract of papaya leaf (Carica papaya) is presumed to have hypoglycemia effect because it contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of papaya leaf extract on elevated blood glucose levels on Wistar rats induced with alloxan. This was an
... [Show full abstract] experimental study with 18 male Wistar rats as subjects, divided into 6 groups (3 rats in each group). Group 1, the negative control group, was given aquadest only. Group 2, the positive control group, was treated with alloxan 120 mg/kg body weight (BW) followed by novomix 0.2 iu/200 g BW. Group 3 and 4 were treated with alloxan 120 mg/kg BW followed by papaya leaf extract dosing 250 mg and 500 mg/kg BW respectively. Group 5 and 6 were treated with papaya leaf extract dosing 250 mg and 500 mg/kg BW without alloxan induction. Blood glucose levels were measured on day 1, day 2, and day 3 every six hours at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. The results showed that 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW of papaya leaf extract could reduce the elevated blood glucose on Wistar rats for 12 hours after treatment. Conclusion: The extract of papaya leaves could reduce blood sugar levels in hyperglicemic Wistar rats induced by alloxan. Keywords: papaya leaves (carica papaya L.), blood sugar levels, alloxan. Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara beriklim tropis yang memiliki banyak jenis tumbuhan. Sekitar 9.600 spesies tumbuhan merupakan tumbuhan yang berkhasiat obat, salah satunya ialah pepaya. Ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) diduga mempunyai efek hipoglikemia karena mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tannin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap kadar gula darah tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan ialah 18 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok (setiap kelompok terdiri dari 3 tikus). Kelompok 1 (K1) merupakan kelompok kontrol negatif hanya diberikan aquades; kelompok 2 (K2) merupakan kelompok kontrol positif diberikan aloksan dan novomix 0,2 iu/200 g BB; kelompok 3 (K3) dan kelompok 4 (K4) merupakan kelompok perlakuan diberikan aloksan kemudian ekstrak daun pepaya dengan dosis 250 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB; kelompok 5 (K5) dan kelompok 6 (K6) merupakan kelompok perlakuan diberikan daun pepaya dengan dosis 250 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB tanpa induksi aloksan. Data diperoleh dari pemeriksaan kadar gula darah dari semua kelompok tikus Wistar pada hari ke-1, ke-2, dan ke-3 pada jam ke-0, 6, 12, 18, dan 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya dengan dosis 250 mg dan 500 mg/kg BB tikus berefek menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus wistar selama 12 jam pasca pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun pepaya berpotensi memiliki efek dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus Wistar.Kata kunci: daun pepaya (carica papaya L.), kadar gula darah, aloksan Read more Article
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March 2016 · Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais
Main health benefits properties found in plants are results of secondary metabolites found in their extracts. In this sense, there is the Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus species, popularly known as faveleira or favela, with several reports in tradicional medicine, such as healing, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and diuretic. This study aims to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the
... [Show full abstract] secondary metabolites present in Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus extracts from Brazilian Northeast and their antioxidant activity. Several metabolites were determined from its branches, roots and leaves, such as tannins, alkaloids and anthocyanins. In antioxidant activity, faveleira leaves had highlighted, presenting IC50 of 58.3 ppm, similar to vitamin C (43.0 ppm) used as a positive standard. This study is a contribution for the knowledge about the use of this plant for medicinal purposes. View full-text Conference Paper
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October 2018 · AIP Conference Proceedings
Previous research showed that the leaves of Carica pubescens effectively inhibit certain bacteria that cause diarrhoea. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal antibacterial activity among the fractions of the rind and seeds of C. pubescens. Samples of rind and seeds of C. pubescens were extracted by percolation method using ethanol and fractionated to obtain water, n-hexane, and
... [Show full abstract] ethyl acetate fractions. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out on Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus bacteria using the agar well method at fractions concentration of 12.5%, 25.0%, and 50.0%. The ethyl acetate fraction of rind and seeds showed inhibitory zone diameter in E. coli, S. aureus, and S. flexneri at concentrations ranging from 12% to 50%, whereas the water fraction showed no antibacterial activity. Based on phytochemical screening, ethyl acetate fraction of C. pubescens seeds contain flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenol. While the n-hexane fraction of C. pubescens rind contains alkaloids and tannins. View full-text Article
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June 2016 · Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
The seed cotyledon and leaf of Chrysophyllum albidum were analyzed for their phytochemical and
proximate compositions. The results obtained from the anaylsis of the seed cotyledon and leaves of C.
albidum were compared. It was observed that, the C. albidum contain substantial amount of saponins,
tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols. The alkaloids and tannins present in the seed cotyledon
... [Show full abstract] were
higher compared with the level observed in the leaves. There was generally low percentage proximate
fractions of the leaves in terms of fats, ash and fiber and lower percentage fractions of ash and fibers
were observed in the seed cotyledons. Protein and carbohydrate and ash compositions of the leaves were
observed to be higher compared with the compositions present in the seed cotyledon. This study has
shown that C. albidum seed cotyledon and leave are good source of phytochemicals that are biologically
important, thus they can be potential sources of useful drugs in the management of some ailments. View full-text Article
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January 2015 · Pharmacology & Pharmacy
The leaf-extract of Cymbopogon citratus was evaluated for nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions. The results revealed that the plant leaves contained appreciable amounts of phyto-chemicals (alkaloids, glucosides, phenols, saponins, flavonoids and tannins), proximate compositions (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, crude fibre, ash and moisture), vitamins (A, C, E, B1, B2 and B9) and trace
... [Show full abstract] elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Co) in varying degrees. These chemical compositions obtained may be responsible for the nutritional and therapeutic uses. The proximate, vitamin and mineral compositions obtained suggested that the leaves may serve as cheap sources of vitamin A, C, E, B1, B2 and B9 as well as other macro- and micro-nutrients, and could be incorporated into human diets to meet-up with their recommended daily dietary allowances. The content of flavonoids, vitamin A, C and E in the leaf extract also suggests possible anti-oxidant effects of the plant leaves. View full-text Article
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February 2019 · Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Nurhasnawati H, Sundu R, Sapri, Supriningrum R, Kuspradini H, Arung ET. 2019. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 576-580. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of several indigenous species of ferns in East
... [Show full abstract] Kalimantan. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of photochemical screening indicated that the leaves of Plagiogyria pycnophylla, Plagiogyria glauca, and Stenochlaena palustris contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid while Acrostichum aureum contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin and steroid. The result showed extract Acrostichum aureum had the highest total phenolic content (366.4573 ± 2.2117 mg GAE.g-1), flavonoid content (228.6087 ± 2.2548 mg QE.g-1), and very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value 29.5303 ppm. There is positive correlation between total phenolic content, flavonoid with antioxidant activity. View full-text Last Updated: 05 Jul 2022
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