الأحكام القضائية الصادرة خلال النزاعات المسلحة غير الدولية ( دراسة في الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الدولي) Judicial Resolutions Issued during non-International Armed Conflicts In Islamic law and international law.

Abstract

تُعدّ المؤسسة القضائية أحد المؤسسات الأساسية التي تقوم عليها الدولة والمجتمع، إلا أن بعض الاضطرابات التي يمر بها بلد ما تجعل عمل هذه المؤسسة مضطرباً، كما في حالات الحروب الدولية وغير الدولية، وقد تكلم الفقهاء قديماً حول الأحكام القضائية في مثل هذه الظروف، تحت عنوان (قاضي البغاة) أو (قاضي الخوارج)، كما تناول القانون الدولي ذلك من خلال البروتوكول الثاني الملحق باتفاقية جنيف 1949، الصادر عام 1977م. وأهم نتائج البحث هي أن الفقه والقانون قد أعطى أحكاماً عامةً في هذه المسألة، ويرى الباحث ضرورة التفريق بين حالات الخصومة، من خلال التفريق بين الخصومات الواقعة بين أطراف النزاع، حيث تنظر فيها محكمةٌ حيادية مستقلة، أو يُلجأ فيها إلى مبدأ التحكيم، وبين الخصومات الواقعة بين عموم الناس، وتنقسم الأخيرة إلى نوعين: الأول: أحكام القضايا المدنية، وهذه القضايا لا مانع من أن يقضي فيها قاضي المسلحين، والثاني: أحكام القضايا الجنائية، ويقضي فيها قاضي المسلحين بالتعزير أو القصاص عند توفر شروطه، مع الدقة والحذر في ذلك، أما الحدود فلا يصح أن يحكم بها، لما في هذه الظروف من شبهاتٍ كثيرة تمنع من إقامة الحد.

Full text

269
Bingöl Üniversitesi
İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
(2015) Sayı: 5 / ss. 269-298
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
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
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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5
Judicial Resolutions Issued during non-International Armed Conicts
In Islamic law and international law
Abstract
The judicial institution is considered one of the basic institutions the state and the
society depend on, but some disorders a country goes through make the operation
of this establishment unstable and in cases of conflicts and international and non-
international wars also. In ancient times, jurists talked about judicial judgments
issued in such circumstances entitled (Rebels Judge) or (Kharijites Judgment) .The
international law tackled this through the second index of Geneva Convention
1949, protocol released in 1977. The research most important findings are that the
Jurisprudence and the law gave general judgments in this issue. The researcher
sees the importance of differentiating between the cases by differentiating between
cases of people involved in the conflict and the disagreements among normal
people and also with resolutions related to civil cases and those related to the
criminal ones.
Key words: Non-international armed conflicts, Rebels, Adjudication, Justice,
The Geneva Conventions of 1949.














 













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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5























-

-


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5
-

-
1 .






















 

 

                 


273
Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

 








 






 






1.1 .







1.1.1 .








 





274
Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5





1.1.2 .


 







1.1.3 .













 

1.1.4 .







 
  
 

 




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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5




1.1.5 .





 



1.1.6 .





   







 

 
 
 



 


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5









2 .















 

 
 

 
 


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5



















 
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


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5


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
 






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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5




3.1 .



















 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5








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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

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
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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

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 :
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
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
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5








 

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


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


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

 






-


 
 
 
 


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

-


-
















3.2 .



 

 
 


285
Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5






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
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




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
  
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 

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

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
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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

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
       
  



a
 
 
   
 
 
   
 


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

   
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 

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



b

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
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

 
  

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 
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 
 





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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5







   






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






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
 



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
  
 
 
 
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 

  

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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5


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
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
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
 
  
 
   


293
Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

   
    
 
 










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











5 .



 






   
   
 
  
 


   
 


294
Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5










 





 

 







-







-
 


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5


-


 

6 .
-

- 
   
-



-       
     





 




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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5





















       
 





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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5
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
















 


      
        


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Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) Sayı: 5

       
    


 






      

 






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