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The scientist's infosphere
Abstract
The importance of national defense in the US required the
development of tailor made computing and communication systems. The
military coined the term infosphere to refer to the collection of remote
instruments, appliances, computing tools, and people made accessible by
these systems from a person's working environment, such as the cockpit
of a plane or the bridge of a ship. Because military personnel are often
mobile, they must use remote instruments and computing programs and they
must collaborate with people at distant sites. It is concluded that
within a decade, most scientists' infospheres will reside on portable
computing devices. The infosphere will allow the scientist to access and
control home appliances, office devices, laboratory instruments, and
computing tools and to communicate with colleagues everywhere.
Communication bandwidths may vary as the scientist moves from place to
place, but the infosphere will increasingly free the scientist from the
constraints of physical location. This freedom will change the ways in
which scientific research is carried out, science is taught, and
scientific results are disseminated
... Emerging 5GB connectivity, specifically for the military, will be considerably more than just quick-connect phone conversations and rapid multimedia downloads as shown in Figure 4. In fact, 5GB may become a reality what defense commanders have referred to as the "infosphere [20]", where the data from video, audio, sensors, targets, surveillance, or even the sights on remote weapons can receive it quickly and easily from a combat's working environment, such as the cockpit of a plane or the bridge of a ship. With infosphere, it is expected to allow combats to manage and access remote appliances/equipment, workplace gadgets, training instruments, and computing tools and to communicate with peers anywhere in the world. ...
Communication networks are becoming increasingly important in military operations, with task fields like time-critical targeting, covert special operations, command and control, training, and logistics, all relying heavily on the communication network and its services. On the other hand, commercial communication has dramatically transformed our society and the way we communicate. The newest network mode at present, 5G and beyond (5GB), is characterized by high speed, low latency, high reliability, and high communication density. Although the use of 5GB commercial networks for defense agencies can offer greater flexibility and efficiency, they also face a new challenge that requires high standards of network protection and harsh working conditions and environments. In this paper, we discuss the significance of communication networks in several potential military applications, particularly for warfare, training/drilling, logistics, and special mission-specific stations. We present the communication trends adopted in military applications. Then, we open up various 5GB key performance indexes and their use cases for the military communication systems. We also elaborate on unique challenges of the military communication networks that are unlikely to be resolved via commercial 5GB research. The various 5GB enabling technologies for military communication systems are discussed. Lastly, we present and analyze 5GB new radio for the private military communication under C-band. INDEX TERMS 5G and Beyond communication, Military communication, Private network, Tactile communications.
... Thus, computational modeling and simulation has already become the main tool of 'big' and 'small' science, and it is shifting from the single physical component design to the design of a whole physical system. Increasingly, such simulations are being dynamically composed by scientists working collaboratively on the Grid, even though they are geographically distributed123456. The realization of this simulation scenario requires that Grid users be able to identify relevant software and its parameters before implementation on a remote computing resource. ...
We outline the design of a recommendation system (MyPYTHIA) implemented as a Web portal. MyPYTHIA's design objectives include evaluating the quality and performance of scientific software on Grid platforms, creating knowledge about which software and computational services should be selected for solving particular problems, selecting parameters of software (or of computational services) based on user-specified computational objectives, providing access to performance data and knowledge bases over the Web and enabling recommendations for targeted application domains. MyPYTHIA uses a combination of statistical analysis, pattern extraction techniques and a database of software performance to map feature-based representations of problem instances to appropriate software. MyPYTHIA's open architecture allows the user to customize it for conducting individual case studies. We describe the architecture as well as several scientific domains of knowledge enabled by such case studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... The Legion project [8] provides an object-based meta-system to enable third party development of scientific applications and infrastructure components. The Infospheres project [2] at Caltech provides a distributed programming layer using the World Wide Web, Java and Internet. These operate at a lower level of abstraction and hence, the ideas illustrated here can utilize them as back-ends to facilitate interaction and coordination among the agents. ...
this article is that agent-based computing provides important advantages for scientific computing. We present our ideas in the context of a particular application, the simulation of gas turbine engines. This application is typical in that it involves an enormously complex device of great economic importance, one whose design is continually evolving to achieve higher value and to fit new uses.
Aim. The presented study aims to identify and describe the relations of mutual restriction between the fundamental spheres of a human-oriented economy.
Tasks. The author describes problems associated with the need to study the human-oriented economy; establishes horizontal and vertical economic relations in the economic system; discovers the specific aspects of horizontal economic relations through the interaction between the spheres of a human-oriented economy; identifies normal and pathological restriction relations.
Methods. This study uses scientific methods of cognition, namely content analysis and the Wuxing Pentagram.
Results. Horizontal relations between the defining spheres of a human-oriented economy are determined. The resource (human needs) that ensures interaction between the spheres of the economic system under consideration is identified. Normal restriction relations are described: natural-material sphere — information-digital sphere, information-digital sphere — cognitive sphere, cognitive sphere — social-service sphere, social-service sphere — creatosphere, creatosphere — natural-material sphere. Pathological restriction relations are detected: informationdigital sphere — natural-material sphere, cognitive sphere — information-digital sphere, socialservice sphere — cognitive sphere, creatosphere — social-service sphere, natural-material sphere — creatosphere.
Conclusions. Examination of restriction relations in a human-oriented economy provides insight into the directions for the regulation of the corresponding economic system, which, according to the author, will ensure not only personal, but also economic growth.
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of beta-1,3-glucan derived from Schizophyllum commune in enhancing shrimp survival as well as haemocyte phagocytosis and superoxide anion production in brooder Penaeus monodon. Pond-reared P. monodon adults (135 +/- 25 g) stocked in outdoor or indoor tanks were fed either a test diet containing beta-1,3-glucan (2.0 g kg(-1) or a glucan-free control diet for 40 days. Their survival was compared. The brooders reared in indoor tanks were analysed at days 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 30 and 40 for their haemocyte phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production. The results showed that regardless of indoor or outdoor rearing the survival rate of shrimp fed the glucan diet was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of the control group. The brooders showed enhanced haemocyte phagocytic activity, cell adhesion and superoxide anion production when glucan was administered in their diets. The immunostimulatory enhancement peaked at day 24 after starting the dietary exposure and subsequently decreased to the pre-feeding level at the end of the 40 days feeding trial.
It is now generally recognized that not enough parallelism exists within the small basic blocks of most general purpose programs
to satisfy high performance processors. Thus, a wide variety of techniques have been developed to exploit instruction level
parallelism across basic block boundaries. In this paper we discuss some previous techniques along with their hardware and
software requirements. Then we propose a new paradigm for an instruction set architecture (ISA):block-structuring. This new paradigm is presented, its hardware and software requirements are discussed and the results from a simulation study
are presented. We show that a block-structured ISA utilizes both dynamic and compile-time mechanisms for exploiting instruction
level parallelism and has significant performance advantages over a conventional ISA.