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Introduction to Eco Astronomy
Abstract
#Eco Astronomy is the scientific study of extreme environmental conditions, effecting to the Harbor Life . The life origin, evolution existence of life in the universe related to harbor life concepts, means safe place providing refuge ,comfort and sustainable harbor environment to any object. Eco Astronomical research has implemented focusing -“Comparative systematic analysis of extreme environmental conditions of planet earth, which based on Paleontological & Petrological factors. Therefore this disciplines representing as a kin subject to interpreting comparative model for any Harbor Life.
... Based on numerous reports of the sedimentary structures, and what may be organic compounds in ancient sedimentary rocks on Mars that may include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, it is not unreasonable to assume that this refractory organic material, either formed on Mars from igneous, hydrothermal, atmospheric, or biological processes (Shock, 1990;Steele et al., 2012;Sumanarathna, 2019Sumanarathna, , 2020a. Or alternatively, delivered directly to Mars via meteorites, comets, or interplanetary dust particles (Gibson, 1992;Sephton, 2012;Sumanarathna, 2020c). ...
The observation of tubular structures within Endurance Crater, Mars, has been reported by Joseph et al (2021a,b) who hypothesized these may be mineralized and fossilized remnants of tube worms that in the ancient and recent past flourished within lakes of water heated by thermal vents. The discovery of what may be spherical hematite in this same vicinity supports the hydrothermal vent scenario, whereas the claims by Joseph (2021; Joseph et al. 2021c) that these spherules are fungal puffballs does not. This evidence from Endurance Crater and associated mineralogy and chemistry is reviewed. We conclude that the ancient lakes of Endurance Crater may have been heated by thermal vents and inhabited by tubular organisms that became mineralized, as hypothesized by Joseph et al; and that these same hydrothermal vents formed hematite spherules as hypothesized by the rover Opportunity team.
Puttalam Coal Power Plant named after the location where it is located in the Puttalam District of the Northwestern Province in Sri-Lanka. An important national asset as symbolically it is not only the very first coal fired power plant in Sri-Lanka but also the largest in terms of capacity with a total output of 900MW that incorporated and operational as early as in 2010. Among which cooling or condenser water is paramount importance in part of the power generation process. Strategically power plants are commonly located by the sea or coastal area to take advantage of the abundant of seawater source as cooling water. Puttalam power plant is no exception and it is taking huge amount of seawater to cater for the cooling purpose considering its scale. To achieve this, purposely built seawater transferring channel is required and in the context of Puttalam Power Plant, seawater is transferred via concrete culverts measuring 3m x 3m and run approximately 400m long before it reaches the pump house. There are 3 separate culverts serving each power station. However, whenever seawater is involved biological fouling can happen inevitably and this implies that separate fouling control mechanism has to be in placed along the seawater intake channel to prevent the growth of marine organisms that could potentially disrupt the power generation process. Commonly the disruption arises due to constricted flow when the channel is fouled hence reduce the net cross-sectional area of flow transferring channel or worse it can lead to the choking of condenser heat exchanger tubes when there is a lapse in fouling control attributed to ineffective treatment. At times, bio fouling can lead to more complex issue like under deposit corrosion which can cause leakages of process flow and exacerbate the condition further. Consequently, this may even lead to abrupt plant shut down that could have detrimental effect to the macro-economy but also the associated cost of maintaining and restoring to working condition can be exorbitant. In view of the occurrences of bio-fouling and its severity it might be, Puttalam Coal Power Plant is therefore seeking a more cost effective solution that is not only effective and consistent in controlling bio-fouling but also environmentally friendly to address the bio-fouling issue to their seawater intake channel made of concrete culverts. To meet this objectives, proprietary BioMag system encompasses the Ultra Low Frequency electromagnetic wave technology is being proposed.
The knowledge of Martian geology has increased enormously in the last 40 yr. Several missions orbiting or roving Mars have revolutionized our understanding of its evolution and geological features, which in several ways are similar to Earth, but are extremely different in many respects. The impressive dichotomy between the two Martian hemispheres is most likely linked to its impact cratering history, rather than internal dynamics such as on Earth. Mars’ volcanism has been extensive, very longlived and rather constant in its setting. Water was available in large quantities in the distant past of Mars, when a magnetic field and more vigorous tectonics were active. Exogenic forces have been shaping Martian landscapes and have led to a plethora of landscapes shaped by wind, water and ice. Mars’ dynamical behavior continues, with its climatic variation affecting climate and geology until very recent times.
The knowledge of Martian geology has increased enormously in the last
40 yr. Several missions orbiting or roving Mars have revolutionized our understanding
of its evolution and geological features, which in several ways are similar to Earth, but
are extremely different in many respects. The impressive dichotomy between the two
Martian hemispheres is most likely linked to its impact cratering history, rather than
internal dynamics such as on Earth. Mars’ volcanism has been extensive, very longlived and rather constant in its setting. Water was available in large quantities in the
distant past of Mars, when a magnetic field and more vigorous tectonics were active.
Exogenic forces have been shaping Martian landscapes and have led to a plethora of
landscapes shaped by wind, water and ice. Mars’ dynamical behavior continues, with
its climatic variation affecting climate and geology until very recent times.
This document is profiling importance of the artificial glacier & molding geometry via pagoda. Artificial glaciation is a practice carried out in the Hindu Kush and Himalaya regions aimed at creating small new glaciers to increase water supply for crops and in some cases to sustain micro hydro power. This is formed by piping mountain stream water into a vertical pipe. The stream water is collected from a source at a higher altitude than the ice stupa site so gravity pushes it down the pipe. Because water will always maintain its level, it will always reach the same height as the source. Apart from solving the irrigation problem, the artificial glaciers help in the recharging of ground water and rejuvenation of springs. They enable farmers to harvest two crops in a year, help in developing pastures for cattle rearing and reducing water sharing disputes among the farmers. Geometrical shape of pagoda is so important to gradually melting event of Artificial Ice Stupa.
Sabaragamuwa dancing is one of symbolized & unique traits of Sri Lankan tradition. Many interpretations on Sabaragamu dancing depends on social, anthropological factors rather than physical anthological factors. Therefore, main objective of this research is to apply Hrdlicka’s method for analysis the relative motion of Sabaragamu Dance.It is approximately focuses on dominant physical anthropological factors, such as simitation, pre-gesture, adaptation motion and external morphological characteristics. A comparative analysis among fossils evidences of Balangoda Man (5 samples found in 500m -1500m altitude) and lineage of traditional Sabaragamu dancers (20 samples), and non-traditional dancers (25 samples), who lives in different biogeography regions in Sri Lanka were made. Comparative model resolved from same parameters [ A1. length of top of head to coler bone, A2. wide of face in zygomatic arch , A3. length of coler bone to 1st metacarpus(*Humarus +) , A4. length of coler bone to pelvic , A5. length of pelvic to calcareous bone ( *Femur +) , A6. Angle of joints of bones(ǿ) ] of each samples. The major finding of the measurements graph & evaluate formula representing more than 80% phenotypic linkage kin in between anatomy of traditional Samaragamu dancers and even though Sabaragamu Dancing takes a traditional vies, from the view of virtual demonstration of science
During fossilization, the remains of extinct organisms are subjected to taphonomic and diagenetic processes. As a result, fossils show a variety of preservational artefacts, which can range from small breaks and cracks, disarticulation and fragmentation, to the loss and deformation of skeletal structures and other hard parts. Such artefacts can present a considerable problem, as the preserved morphology of fossils often forms the basis for palaeontological research. Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, inferences on appearance, ecology and behaviour and functional analyses of fossil organisms strongly rely on morphological information. As a consequence, the restoration of fossil morphology is often a necessary prerequisite for further analyses. Facilitated by recent computational advances, virtual reconstruction and restoration techniques offer versatile tools to restore the original morphology of fossils. Different methodological steps and approaches, as well as software are outlined and reviewed here, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Although the complexity of the restorative processes can introduce a degree of interpretation, digitally restored fossils can provide useful morphological information and can be used to obtain functional estimates. Additionally, the digital nature of the restored models can open up possibilities for education and outreach and further research.
When scientists approach the question of how life began on Earth, or elsewhere, their efforts generally involve attempts to understand how non-biological molecules bonded, became increasingly complex, and eventually reached the point where they could replicate or could use sources of energy to make things happen. Ultimately, of course, life needed both.
Researchers have been working for some time to understand this very long and winding process, and some have sought to make synthetic life out of selected components and energy. Some startling progress has been made in both of these endeavors, but many unexplained mysteries remain at the heart of the processes. And nobody is expecting the origin of life on Earth (or elsewhere) to be fully understood anytime soon.
To further complicate the picture, the history of early Earth is one of extreme heat caused by meteorite bombardment and, most importantly, the enormous impact some 4.5 billion years of the Mars-sized planet that became our moon. As a result, many early Earth researchers think the planet was uninhabitable until about 4 billion years ago.
Yet some argue that signs of Earth life 3.8 billion years ago have been detected in the rock record, and lifeforms were certainly present 3.5 billion years ago. Considering the painfully slow pace of early evolution — the planet, after all, supported only single-cell life for several billion years before multicellular life emerged — some researchers are skeptical about the likelihood of DNA-based life evolving in the relatively short window between when Earth became cool enough to support life and the earliest evidence of actual life.
So what else, from a scientific as opposed to a religious perspective, might have set into motion the process that made life out of non-life?
A Concept like Eco Astronomy ? Study of extreme environmental conditions, effecting to the Harbor Life . ?
One long considered yet generally quickly dismissed answer is getting new attention and a little more respect. It invokes panspermia, the sharing of life via meteorites from one planet to another, or delivery by comet.
In this context, the question generally raised is whether Earth might have been seeded by early Martian life (if it existed). Mars, it is becoming increasingly accepted, was probably more habitable in its early period than Earth. But panspermia inherently could go the other way as well, or possibly even between solar systems.
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet’s or a natural satellite’s potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is currently unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life’s flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.
An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as “extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.”
In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.
The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.
Archeoastronomy is essentially a study of the Anthropology of Astronomy and world-views and the role of astronomy and astronomers in their cultures. Following the references of numerous mechanisms used to study past human behavior, including history, oral tradition, and archaeology. Our case study is critically analyses archaeological factors like Sundial & Water Clock which belongs to Aruradhapura period (377 BC to 1017 AD) Sri Lanka. Therefor research is briefly focusing to evaluate anthropogenic activities regarding sundial &water clock. As a first steps of case study, theoretically we have been developed calculation mechanism related to horizonal & vertical sundial working process relevant to sundial’s mechanics & concepts. The observations of absolute location which corresponding to +5.30 GMT (70 29 .417’NN , 810 36. 984’EE) & apply the ruler geometry & euclidean geometry to 10cm height object that permanently set in centralized point of sundial in Rajagala sundial. This technique evaluates to measure the variation related to momentum of shadow of object which was centralized on sundial. Coordinating structural reading as manual parameters selected L= length of shadow, H= height of object, tan α = angle between sun and horizon. The compatibility analyzing of all data evaluate from “PlanetCalc” software & final results show the traits way to understanding fundamentals of machines & concepts of Sundial & Water Clock in Sri Lanka
Challenges of integrating astronomical research into the general enterprise in multidisciplinary astronomy, the committee realized that the issue of integration was broader and generic to this intrinsically interdisciplinary subject—that is, astrophysics is but one of many disciplines that need to be brought to bear on multidisciplinary approach in astronomy. It decided to attempt to address some of these more generic issues of fostering a healthy interdisciplinary interaction among fields that are themselves so complex that they require a focused, reductive approach. The committee has identified three factors that currently limit the integration of astronomy and astrophysics with astrobiology and, indeed, that limit the integration of robust interdisciplinary research of any kind: (1) a lack of common goals and interests, (2) lack of a common language, and (3) insufficient background in allied fields on the part of experts to allow them to do useful interdisciplinary work. This report has been systemically profiling to general enterprise approach via multidisciplinary astronomy & effective of sustainable development on behalf of it
This document is profiling importance of the artificial glacier & molding geometry via pagoda. Artificial glaciation is a practice carried out in the Hindu Kush and Himalaya regions aimed at creating small new glaciers to increase water supply for crops and in some cases to sustain micro hydro power. This is formed by piping mountain stream water into a vertical pipe. The stream water is collected from a source at a higher altitude than the ice stupa site so gravity pushes it down the pipe. Because water will always maintain its level, it will always reach the same height as the source. Apart from solving the irrigation problem, the artificial glaciers help in the recharging of ground water and rejuvenation of springs. They enable farmers to harvest two crops in a year, help in developing pastures for cattle rearing and reducing water sharing disputes among the farmers. Geometrical shape of pagoda is so important to gradually melting event of Artificial Ice Stupa.
A meteorite is a fragment of rock or iron from outer space, usually a meteoroid or asteroid, which survives passage through the atmosphere as a meteor to impact the surface of the Earth. Meteorites are believed to originate in the asteroid belt between the planets of Mars and Jupiter. Meteorites are often divided into three overall categories based on whether they are dominantly composed of rocky material (stony meteorites), metallic material (iron meteorites), or mixtures (stony–iron meteorites). Pallasites are a rare type of meteorite. The Meteoritical Society's meteor database shows only 99 records of pallasites found on earth, according to Lauretta (for comparison, the most common type of meteorite, the chondrite, has 43,750 records).
Astrobiology is a challenging interdisciplinary field of contemporary science which appeared in the second half of the last century and stimulated a better understanding of the frontiers of biology. Astrobiology aims to answer the fundamental questions: Is there life beyond Earth? Which distinctive features could it acquire? How did it adapt to various natural environments and to which extremes did it evolve? Did it possibly evolve to the level of intellectual capacity and a technological ability to communicate? This field is rooted in the synergy between astrophysics and biology and is intimately related with planetary sciences, in particular with planetary systems formation and evolution. It is also closely linked to basic philosophical concepts.
The term "evolution" usually refers to the biological evolution of living things. But the processes by which planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe form and change over time are also types of "evolution." In all of these cases there is change over time, although the processes involved are quite different. Stars act in majority event on evolution process. Stars formation is very importance to life like human being & life around the solar system. Stars are not distribute randomly in the universe, but are assembled through gravitation interactions into galaxies. In the late 1920s the American astronomer Edwin Hubble made a very interesting and important discovery. Hubble made observations that he interpreted as showing that distant stars and galaxies are receding from Earth in every direction. Moreover, the velocities of recession increase in proportion with distance, a discovery that has been confirmed by numerous and repeated measurements since Hubble's time. The implication of these findings is that the universe is expanding. Hubble's hypothesis of an expanding universe leads to certain deductions. One is that the universe was more condensed at a previous time. From this deduction came the suggestion that all the currently observed matter and energy in the universe were initially condensed in a very small and infinitely hot mass. A huge explosion, known as the Big Bang, then sent matter and energy expanding in all directions. This Big Bang hypothesis led to more testable deductions. One such deduction was that the temperature in deep space today should be several degrees above absolute zero. Observations showed this deduction to be correct. In fact, the Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer (COBE) satellite launched in 1991 confirmed that the background radiation field has exactly the spectrum predicted by a Big Bang origin for the universe. As the universe expanded, according to current scientific understanding, matter collected into clouds that began to condense and rotate, forming the forerunners of galaxies. Within galaxies, including our own Milky Way galaxy, changes in pressure caused gas and dust to form distinct clouds. In some of these clouds, where there was sufficient mass and the right forces, gravitational attraction caused the cloud to collapse. If the mass of material in the cloud was sufficiently compressed, nuclear reactions began and a star was born.
Fossilization is the process by which a plant or animal becomes a fossil. ... Those plants and animals that do become fossils generally undergo, with some exceptions, several key steps. First, the soft tissue that exists during life decays leaving behind only the "hard parts" (bone, shell, teeth).According to "Enchanted Learning," archaeologists use three main types of fossil: the true form fossil, trace fossil and mold fossil; a fourth type is the cast fossil These types are corresponding to process of rock . Living things that have been replaced by rock material or impressions of organisms preserved in rock .
Challenges of integrating astronomical research into the general enterprise in multidisciplinary astronomy, the committee realized that the issue of integration was broader and generic to this intrinsically interdisciplinary subject—that is, astrophysics is but one of many disciplines that need to be brought to bear on multidisciplinary approach in astronomy. It decided to attempt to address some of these more generic issues of fostering a healthy interdisciplinary interaction among fields that are themselves so complex that they require a focused, reductive approach.
The committee has identified three factors that currently limit the integration of astronomy and astrophysics with astrobiology and, indeed, that limit the integration of robust interdisciplinary research of any kind: (1) a lack of common goals and interests, (2) lack of a common language, and (3) insufficient background in allied fields on the part of experts to allow them to do useful interdisciplinary work. This report has been systemically profiling to general enterprise approach via multidisciplinary astronomy & effectivity of sustainable development on behalf of it
Sabaragamuwa dancing is one of symbolized & unique traits of Sri Lankan tradition. Many interpretations on Sabaragamu dancing depends on social, anthropological factors rather than physical anthological factors. Therefore, main objective of this research is to apply Hrdlicka’s method for analysis the relative motion of Sabaragamu Dance.It is approximately focuses on dominant physical anthropological factors, such as simitation, pre-gesture, adaptation motion and external morphological characteristics. A comparative analysis among fossils evidences of Balangoda Man (5 samples found in 500m -1500m altitude) and lineage of traditional Sabaragamu dancers (20 samples), and non-traditional dancers (25 samples), who lives in different biogeography regions in Sri Lanka were made. Comparative model resolved from same parameters [ A1. length of top of head to coler bone, A2. wide of face in zygomatic arch , A3. length of coler bone to 1st metacarpus(*Humarus +) , A4. length of coler bone to pelvic , A5. length of pelvic to calcareous bone ( *Femur +) , A6. Angle of joints of bones(ǿ) ] of each samples. The major finding of the measurements graph & evaluate formula representing more than 80% phenotypic linkage kin in between anatomy of traditional Samaragamu dancers and even though Sabaragamu Dancing takes a traditional vies, from the view of virtual demonstration of science.
Corresponding to Archeoastronomy Sri Lanka “Impact of Archaeological Evidences in Sri Lanka for Calculate the Diurnal Motion of Planet Earth: A Case Study of Sundials & Fundamentals of Mathematics in General Calculations. CH 01 2018” following module calculations are tolerate only sinking blow clepsydra process of working The problem of variable flow rate, one that does not waste water, uses a float in the overflow tank that acts as a stopcock. It prevents the inflow of water when the level rises, and permits inflow when the water level in the overflow tank falls. Such a design is attributed to Ctesibios, who in consequence is considered the first builder of a system with feedback control. While we providing a modeling exercises based on clepsydrae, we should mention a variation of the inflow clepsydra, the sinking bowl clepsydra. In such a water clock, a bowl with a hole in it is placed on the surface of water. It fills slowly and eventually sinks; the duration of its floating is taken as a unit of time. The sinking-bowl water clock seems to have been invented in India around 400 A.D & Sri Lanka too.
Archeoastronomy is essentially a study of the Anthropology of Astronomy and world-views and the role of astronomy and astronomers in their cultures. Following the references of numerous mechanisms used to study past human behavior, including history, oral tradition, and archaeology. Our case study is critically analyses archaeological factors like Sundial & Water Clock which belongs to Aruradhapura period (377 BC to 1017 AD) Sri Lanka. Therefor research is briefly focusing to evaluate anthropogenic activities regarding sundial &water clock. As a first steps of case study, theoretically we have been developed calculation mechanism related to horizonal & vertical sundial working process relevant to sundial’s mechanics & concepts. The observations of absolute location which corresponding to +5.30 GMT (70 29 .417’NN , 810 36. 984’EE) & apply the ruler geometry & euclidean geometry to 10cm height object that permanently set in centralized point of sundial in Rajagala sundial. This technique evaluates to measure the variation related to momentum of shadow of object which was centralized on sundial. Coordinating structural reading as manual parameters selected L= length of shadow, H= height of object, tan α = angle between sun and horizon. The compatibility analyzing of all data evaluate from “PlanetCalc” softwear & final results show the traits way to understanding fundamentals of machines & concepts of Sundial & Water Clock in Sri Lanka.
Archeoastronomy is essentially a study of the Anthropology of Astronomy and world-views and the role of astronomy and astronomers in their cultures. Following the references of numerous mechanisms used to study past human behavior, including history, oral tradition, and archaeology. Our case study analyzes archaeological factors like sundial & which belong to the Anuradhapura period (377 BC to 1017 AD) Sri Lanka included late period water clock. Therefore research is briefly focusing on evaluating anthropogenic activities regarding sundial & water clocks. As a first step of case study, theoretically we have developed calculation mechanism related to horizontal & vertical sundial's working process relevant to sundial mechanics. The observations of absolute location which correspond to +5.30 GMT (70 29 .417’NN , 810 36. 984’EE) and apply the ruler geometry & euclidean geometry to a 10cm height object that is permanently set in the centralized point of the sundial in Rajagala. . This technique evaluates to measure the variation related to momentum of the shadow of the object which was centralized on sundial. Coordinating structural reading as manual parameters selected L= length of shadow, H= height of object, tan α = angle between sun and horizon. The compatibility analyzing of all data evaluate from “PlanetCalc” software and final results representing the traits way to understanding fundamentals of machines & concepts of Sundial & Water Clock in Sri Lanka.
Puttalam Coal Power Plant named after the location where it is located in the Puttalam District of the Northwestern Province in Sri-Lanka. An important national asset as symbolically it is not only the very first coal fired power plant in Sri-Lanka but also the largest in terms of capacity with a total output of 900MW that incorporated and operational as early as in 2010. Among which cooling or condenser water is paramount importance in part of the power generation process. Strategically power plants are commonly located by the sea or coastal area to take advantage of the abundant of seawater source as cooling water. Puttalam power plant is no exception and it is taking huge amount of seawater to cater for the cooling purpose considering its scale. To achieve this, purposely built seawater transferring channel is required and in the context of Puttalam Power Plant, seawater is transferred via concrete culverts measuring 3m x 3m and run approximately 400m long before it reaches the pump house. There are 3 separate culverts serving each power station. However, whenever seawater is involved biological fouling can happen inevitably and this implies that separate fouling control mechanism has to be in placed along the seawater intake channel to prevent the growth of marine organisms that could potentially disrupt the power generation process. Commonly the disruption arises due to constricted flow when the channel is fouled hence reduce the net cross-sectional area of flow transferring channel or worse it can lead to the choking of condenser heat exchanger tubes when there is a lapse in fouling control attributed to ineffective treatment. At times, biofouling can lead to more complex issue like under deposit corrosion which can cause leakages of process flow and exacerbate the condition further. Consequently, this may even lead to abrupt plant shut down that could have detrimental effect to the macro-economy but also the associated cost of maintaining and restoring to working condition can be exorbitant. In view of the occurrences of bio-fouling and its severity it might be, Puttalam Coal Power Plant is therefore seeking a more cost effective solution that is not only effective and consistent in controlling bio-fouling but also environmentally friendly to address the bio-fouling issue to their seawater intake channel made of concrete culverts. To meet this objectives, proprietary BioMag system encompasses the Ultra Low Frequency electromagnetic wave technology is being proposed.
This document has been setup to providing fundamentals of Geology in Sri Lanka. More than 90% of Sri Lanka's surface lies on Precambrian strata, some of it dating back 2 billion years. The granulite facies rocks of the Highland Series (gneisses, sillimanite-graphite gneisses, quartzite, marbles, and some charnockites) make up most of the island and the amphibolite facies gneisses, granites, and granitic gneisses of the Vinjayan Series occur in the eastern and southeastern lowlands. Jurassic sediments are present today in very small areas near the western coast and Miocene limestones underlie the northwestern part of the country and extend south in a relatively narrow belt along the west coast. The metamorphic rock surface was created by the transformation of ancient sediments under intense heat and pressure during mountain-building processes. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that these rocks and related rocks forming most of south India were part of a single southern landmass called Gondwanaland. Beginning about 200 million years ago, forces within the Earth's mantle began to separate the lands of the Southern Hemisphere, and a crustal plate supporting both India and Sri Lanka moved toward the northeast. About 45 million years ago, the Indian plate collided with the Asian landmass, raising the Himalayas in northern India, and continuing to advance slowly to the present time. Sri Lanka does not experience earthquakes or major volcanic events because it rides on the center of the plate.
The island contains relatively limited strata of sedimentation surrounding its ancient uplands. Aside from recent deposits along river valleys, only two small fragments of Jurassic (140 to 190 million years ago) sediment occur in Puttalam District, while a more extensive belt of Miocene (5 to 20 million years ago) limestone is found along the northwest coast, overlain in many areas by Pleistocene (1 million years ago) deposits. The northwest coast is part of the deep Cauvery (Kaveri) River Basin of southeast India, which has been collecting sediments from the highlands of India and Sri Lanka since the breakup of Gondwanaland
This document has been setup to providing fundamentals of Geology in Sri Lanka. More than 90% of Sri Lanka's surface lies on Precambrian strata, some of it dating back 2 billion years. The granulite facies rocks of the Highland Series (gneisses, sillimanite-graphite gneisses, quartzite, marbles, and some charnockites) make up most of the island and the amphibolite facies gneisses, granites, and granitic gneisses of the Vinjayan Series occur in the eastern and southeastern lowlands. Jurassic sediments are present today in very small areas near the western coast and Miocene limestones underlie the northwestern part of the country and extend south in a relatively narrow belt along the west coast. The metamorphic rock surface was created by the transformation of ancient sediments under intense heat and pressure during mountain-building processes. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that these rocks and related rocks forming most of south India were part of a single southern landmass called Gondwanaland. Beginning about 200 million years ago, forces within the Earth's mantle began to separate the lands of the Southern Hemisphere, and a crustal plate supporting both India and Sri Lanka moved toward the northeast. About 45 million years ago, the Indian plate collided with the Asian landmass, raising the Himalayas in northern India, and continuing to advance slowly to the present time. Sri Lanka does not experience earthquakes or major volcanic events because it rides on the center of the plate.
The island contains relatively limited strata of sedimentation surrounding its ancient uplands. Aside from recent deposits along river valleys, only two small fragments of Jurassic (140 to 190 million years ago) sediment occur in Puttalam District, while a more extensive belt of Miocene (5 to 20 million years ago) limestone is found along the northwest coast, overlain in many areas by Pleistocene (1 million years ago) deposits. The northwest coast is part of the deep Cauvery (Kaveri) River Basin of southeast India, which has been collecting sediments from the highlands of India and Sri Lanka since the breakup of Gondwanaland
This thesis intriguing encompasses exciting trends and discoveries in area of human exploration and progress in Astronomy, Paleontology, Astrobiology, Geology, Physical and Neurological Evolution which fundamentally effect for basis factors of life. Specially processing previously mentioned subjects under environment of planetary habitability and harbored life, possible to describe newly discipline called Eco Astronomy as a dominate conclusion. Due to general analysis of dominate conclusion of thesis, Eco Astronomy describe as the scientific study of extreme environmental conditions, effecting to the Harbor Life. The life origin, evolution existence of life in the universe related to harbor life concepts, means safe place providing refuge, comfort and sustainable harbor environment to any object. Comparative systematic analysis of extreme environmental conditions of planet earth, which based on paleontological & petrological factors representing reliable platform to develop fundamentals of Eco Astronomy and mechanics. Therefore, this discipline representing as kin subject to interpreting comparative model for any Harbor Life. As per the present knowledge on the life of the Universe, the earth is the only known place to harbor life. It depends on minimal conditions for the life such as temperature, water, radiation shielding, sunlight, oxygen, when a planet belongs to G2 type star forming like ours. With a rich diversity of species, earth is one of the prominent planets, where harbored life can be explored. In revealing the signs of the planetary habitability and harbor life of the planet earth, paleontological and petrological evidences give promising results. It provides a unique view into the history of life by showing the forms and features of life in the past and tells us how species have been evolved across the long period of the Earth’s history. Though the fossil records do not include every planet and animal that ever lived.
This thesis is to present some findings gathered from a study on modelling the harbored life in South Asian counties, specifically centralizing on Sri Lanka. Dominate investigations was initially focused on Sabaragamuwa Basin (Sri Lanka) where famous fossilized Rathnapura fauna have been recorded by Deraniyagala (1958). The gathered fossils (125samples) found from alluvial sedimentary deposits of gem pits were identified according to the special anatomical characters comparing with the similar species recorded in the literature. In addition, sediment samples collected from gem pits where those fossils were found were used for sedimentological analysis (stratigraphic analysis & soil carbon sequestration analysis). Hence much reliable extreme conditions to study that harbored life in Sri Lanka is possibly evidenced by these extinct species recorded as roaming during the Pleistocene Epoch. Absolute ages of harboring period must yet to be estimated. The characteristics of the fossils and the sedimentological environment of the deposits represent a wet warm condition during the Pleistocene epoch, which abrupt change in local paleoclimate proxy (pCO2 , SSTMg/Ca,) that caused the extinction cannot clearly be identified so far. Modification and upgrading the current analysis details in to the fundamentals of data bank consisted as analysis of radiocarbon dating of direct sample or stratigraphic layer, analysis of milankovitch cycles or earth precession and analysis of proxy, to revealed possible causes extinction and limitations of the extreme environment. Sometimes in controversial, my thesis present stimulating new points of view regarding our universe & ourselves base on extreme conditions & concept of Eco Astronomy.
Approximately five billion years ago the sun began to form out of diffuse gas and dust. There was nothing at first sight to distinguish it from myriads of other stars. Like all the others, the new sun began to burn and emit light as it contracted. During the final stages of condensation, it happened to produce a large surrounding nebula of diffuse gas and dust. The particles and molecules of the nebula collided with each other and coalesced in to successively larger bodies. Eventually these bodies formed into large planets circling around the central star. Some of the newly formed worlds were large gaseous bodies made up primarily of hydrogen. These planets differed very little in structure from sun itself. Other planets were small, rocky, airless worlds with surfaces that were scarred by the impact of giant meteorites. Still others were enveloped in dense, choking atmospheres of poisonous gases. Many were frozen wastelands completely covered with solid ice, all were indescribably hostile to living creatures. One of these new worlds was different: It had warm, pleasant climate with continents, oceans, running water, and blue skies. It was the third planet from the sun, a place that came to be known as Earth. The oceans and the surface of earth soon become teeming with life. Some of the creatures that evolved here had supple hands, endowing them manual dexterity.
They develop large brain endowed with a passionate curiosity about their surrounding and a desire to understand their place in the cosmos. Their large brain and supple hand enabled them to escape from a total dependence on the capricious whims of nature; they could change their world to improve their lives and enhance their chance of survival. Human beings developed technology. They built cities, created religions, developed writing, produced science and mathematics. Human life and culture spread to every available niche on earth. Human beings came to dominate the entire surface of the world within only a few thousand years of their appearance Now that human are the undisputed masters of their planet, they are looking upward to the skies in search of new worlds to conquer.
The drama of life and intelligence on earth is a saga that has lasted for the past three and half billion years and we hope, shall continue in to the indefinite future. Has this story been repeated countless numbers of times in many different variation on other worlds, or is the earth somehow unique? . Perhaps there are many worlds in the universe which involved advanced societies that rose to brilliant levels of achievement only to destroy themselves in a few short years through their misuse of technology. If such is the fate of all technological societies, humanity stands very little chance of survival. On the other hand, perhaps there are some technological civilization that have managed to survive their own crises of technological adolescence and have gone on to build advanced and stable societies lasting millions or even billions of years. There likely is much that they could teach us about the art of survival. If someone else in the stars has managed to endure, perhaps we also have chance.
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