Türkçe ve Arnavutçada Ortak Kullanılan Kelimelerin Tematik Tasnifi

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ISSN:2528-9527
E-ISSN : 2528-9535
Yıl
Year
: 9
Cilt
Volume
:11
Sayı
Issue
:18
Haziran
June
2019
Makalenin Geliş Tarihi
Received Date
: 19/04/2019
Makalenin Kabul Tarihi
Accepted Date
: 15/05/2019
OPUS ©
Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi-International Journal of Society Researches
ISSN:2528-9527 E-ISSN : 2528-9535
http://opusjournal.net
Thematic Classification of Turkish And Albanian
Common Words1
DOI: 10.26466/opus.555807
*
Mehmet Gedizli*
* Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Sakarya / Türkiye
E-Mail:
mgedizli@gmail.com
ORCID:
0000-0002-2562-9492
Abstract
The number of common words in Turkish and Albanian is quite large. We cannot deny the significance
of this attempt to scrutinize the commonality in language in terms of the Turkish Albanian relations in
general as well as in terms of scientific, cultural, educational and social interaction. In light of the ex-
isting texts and records the history of the Turkish – Albanian relation can lead us to the 14th century.
This sociological relation that continues for seven hundred years reflects in the existence of common
words as basic element of the language. Based on the Turkish language, this article will make a thematic
classification of words found in the Albanian dictionaries, which are common to Turkish in structure
and meaning. Thematic classification is a topic that interests many fields of science. One of the main
tasks of the scientific studies is to classify data in order to produce scientific results and sound interpre-
tation. Data production and classification is especially significant in social studies. There is noticeably
limited number of studies regarding the interaction between the Turkish and Albanian language.
Keywords:
Turkish – Albanian, Common words, thematic classification, language relations.
1
This article has been reproduced from the oral proceeding presented during IBU-ICSSH2017 (Interna-
tional Balkan University, II. International Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences, held on 12-14 May
2017 in Skopje, Macedonia)

ISSN:2528-9527
E-ISSN : 2528-9535
Yıl
Year
: 9
Cilt
Volume
:11
Sayı
Issue
:18
Haziran
June
2019
Makalenin Geliş Tarihi
Received Date
: 19/04/2019
Makalenin Kabul Tarihi
Accepted Date
: 15/05/2019
OPUS ©
Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi-International Journal of Society Researches
ISSN:2528-9527 E-ISSN : 2528-9535
http://opusjournal.net
Türkçe ve Arnavutçada Ortak Kullanılan Kelimelerin
Tematik Tasnifi
*
Öz
Türkçe ve Arnavutçada ortak kullanılan kelimelerin sayısı oldukça fazladır. Türk-Arnavut ilişkileri bakımın-
dan dildeki bu müşterekliği irdelemenin bilim, kültür, eğitim ve sosyal ilişkiler açısından önemli bir girişim
olacağı yadsınamaz. Özellikle 19. ve 20. yüzyıllarda dünyadaki ayrıştırıcı yaklaşımların aksine 21. yüzyılda
uzlaştırıcı, birleştirici ve yakınlaştırıcı ögelere dikkat çekmek gerekmektedir. Türk-Arnavut ilişkilerinin tari-
hini metinler ve kayıtlar ışığında 14. yüzyıla götürmek mümkündür. Yedi yüz yıla yaklaşan bu sosyolojik iliş-
kinin dillerdeki yansımalarından birisi de dilin temel unsuru olan kelime ortaklıklarıdır. Bu makalede Türkçe
esas alınarak, Arnavutça sözlüklerde bulunan ve Türkçeyle yapı ve anlam bakımından ortak olan kelimeler
tematik bir tasnife tabi tutulacaktır. Tematik sınıflandırmalar, pek çok bilim alanının ilgisini çeken bir konu-
dur. Verinin bilimsel sonuçlar ve sağlıklı yorumlar ortaya koyabilmesi açısından sınıflandırılması bilimsel
çalışmaların temel görevlerinden biridir. Özellikle sosyal bilimlerde veri oluşturma ve sınıflandırma önemli-
dir. Türkçe-Arnavutça dil ilişkileri hakkında yapılan çalışmaların literatürde sınırlı olduğu gözlemlenmekte-
dir. Bu araştırmayla hem dil ilişkileri hem de dile yansıyan bu leksik ilişki diğer disiplinlerin ilgisine de su-
nulmuş olacaktır. Şimdiye kadar Türkçe-Arnavutça dil ilişkilerinin Türkçeden Arnavutçaya kelime geçişleri
üzerinde durulmuş fakat bu geçişler hakkında yorumdan öteye geçmeyen irdelemeler yapılmamıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Türkçe-Arnavutça, Ortak kelimeler, Tematik tasnif, Dil ilişkileri

Thematic Classification of Turkish And Albanian Common Words
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Introduction
Words are the visible side of inter-linguistic relations. Words are elements
that could be recognized by almost everyone and could be interpreted to
a certain extent. Many of the ideas about the meaning of the words on the
subject of structure and affiliation are far from linguistic approaches.
Words that are used by everyone but the notions of which linguists are
trying to produce are one of the problematic elements of both languages
and inter-linguistic relations. The origin of the problem lies in the opinion
that the transfer of words in some cases is welcomes while in other cases
is considered to be damaging in terms of the language to which the words
are transferred. Yet, words, which are the basic units of every language
and have similar functions in every language, in terms of the speakers
have a practical, in terms of experts a problematic or gainful and in terms
of individuals, groups and communities, which have high level of affilia-
tion doubt, they have vital significance.
One of the apparent and visible sides of inter-linguistic relations is the
field of relations and interaction. Factors such as historical process, prox-
imity to a place, elements of inter-communal interaction (trade, politics,
art and literature) have an important role in determining the origins of
inter-linguistic relations.
Relations between Turkish and Albanian languages are based on a his-
torical fact. Being informed about the historical facts should suffice in or-
der to pay attention to the relation between two different languages such
as Albanian and Turkish, which existed under the roof of one state. It
would be useful to interpret the five hundred yearlong political, social,
religious, administrative, cultural and scientific interaction process and
the preservation of the inter-linguistic relations, despite the one hundred
yearlong discontinuity and the latest political, trade, humane, educational
and cultural closeness, which will contribute the language interaction, in
light of scientific evaluations.
Relations between Turkish and Albanian languages are pursued
closely by researchers from both sides and the resulting studies become
widespread as language relation examples and they also contribute to

Mehmet Gedizli
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having an increased number of studies of Turkish and Albanian lan-
guages. The scope and goal of this study should be pondered in this
context.
This study has been executed based on Albanian, Albanian – Turkish
and Turkish – Albanian dictionaries and the data (common words) that
has been discovered in the process. The ongoing process of compiling the
book about common words in Albanian and Turkish has discovered thou-
sands of common words in these two languages. In order to determine the
scope of such a large number of quantitative data we decided to perform
a thematic classification of the words.
About Turkish and Albanian
In accordance with the world classification of linguistic families Turkish
and Albanian languages belong to two different groups. Turkish belongs
to the Altaic branch of the Ural – Altaic language family. As an agglutina-
tive language, Turkish is the fifth mostly spoken language in the world
covering a vast space and 250 million speakers. Turkish is a language that
emerged in the Asian steppes and spread to Anatolia, Europe, North Af-
rica, Middle East and Siberia and came to these days by interacting with
many languages, going through many different existence adventures, im-
proving by expanding, remaining unchanged in the process of improving
and preserving itself by dividing into dialects. Pursuant to its historical
characteristic it continues to exist both in places where it was already pre-
sent as well as different parts of the world where it appears for the first
time such as: South and inner Africa and South America
2
. Turkish, which
draws attention with the vastness of the space where it is spoken as well
as the rich writing systems it uses, being deprived of the support of the
systematic practices until the beginning of the twentieth century, contin-
ued its existence through vocal / oral cultural forms only through its peo-
ple and artists. The interaction between the languages used in this vast
space with Turkish is remarkable.
2
www.yee.org.tr

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Albanian is a language of the Indo – European family. Nowadays it is
accepted to be the successor of the Illyrian, which is classified as dead lan-
guage. Due to this reason it is considered not to have any close relatives
among other Indo – European languages. Having unique characteristics,
Albanian is the native language of Albanian nation, which occupies a wide
space in the Balkans. Albanian has the status of an official language in Al-
bania and Kosovo. The number of people speaking the Albanian language
in Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Serbia and
Turkey should not be underestimated. Standard Albanian, known today,
has two distinct dialects: Gheg, dialect spoken in northern regions and
Tosk, dialect spoken in southern regions. Furthermore, these two dialects
are also divided into sub-dialects. Written Albanian uses the Latin alpha-
bet. The Albanian alphabet consists of 36 letters 7 of which are vowels and
29 are consonants: a, b, c, ç, d, dh, e, ë, f, g, gj, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, nj, o, p, q,
r, rr, s, sh, t, th, u, v, x, xh, y, z, zh. Nine of the above-mentioned letters
(dh, gj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh) are written by combining two letters but are
pronounced as one phoneme. Moreover, eight letters (c, dh, gj, nj, q, rr, th,
x) do not have counterparts in the Turkish phonetic system. These Alba-
nian phonemes can be learned only by listening and studying. As Alba-
nian is pronounced as written, reading it after learning the phonetic sys-
tem is not hard.
3
Turkish and Albanian common words
Taking into consideration the lack of a concrete data regarding the number
of common words in Turkish and Albanian we took advantage of the data
gathered from the dictionaries stated in the reference parts which are cur-
rently in a publication stage. It was determined that around four thousand
words were found n the aforementioned dictionaries. (Gedizli; 2018).
When during the inter-linguistic interaction words are added to the
language, they undergo certain changes according to the sounds (phones)
of that language. Some phones are added to the existing ones, some are
removed and some change. It is quite natural to observe these phonetic
3
http://akyaka.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_02/23111037_ARNAVUTYA_EYYTYM_PRO-
GRAMI.pdf

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changes in words as the smallest structural unit. On the other hand, in
some cases commonly used words that have the same structure may pre-
serve the structure but display changes in meaning.
Some common words in Turkish and Albanian could have the same
meaning or they could remain within the same conceptual field. Certain
Turkish words which are presumed to have been transferred to Albanian
have preserved the morphological properties of Turkish. For example,
words that have a Turkish affix are used in the same way in Albanian. On
the other hand, word that has expanded by taking an affix in Turkish may
form a new and common meaning by adding the same affix to the root or
the stem of the word. As in the following words given as an example:
“biletçi”-“biletshitës” (ticket seller); “boykotçu”-“bojkotues” (boycotter);
“çapraz”-“çaprashik” (cross / diagonal).
Some of the common words used both in Turkish and Albanian lan-
guages do not originate from either of the two languages but they have
the same structure and meaning. These words can be explained based on
the historical relations. For example, we would like to emphasize the ex-
istence of Arabic and Farsi words. Albanian language never had any direct
connection to these two languages. It is obvious that Arabic and Farsi
words, which were widely used in the Ottoman period, transferred to Al-
banian during this period and they have since been present in both lan-
guages.
General classification of Turkish and Albanian words
Many criteria can be used in the classification of words. They can be clas-
sified according to their structure, meaning, functional and syntactic prop-
erties. Classifications according to the meaning bring about disputable
topics. Linguists have not reached a mutual agreement about the pro-
pounded views on the boundaries and structure of the meaning. This mat-
ter becomes even more complicated by the general linguistic approach
which pushes the limits and the fact that almost all languages have their
own cultural identity. Ultimately every language finds opportunity to ex-
ist in its own private space.
This study makes a thematic classification of common words in Turk-
ish and Albanian language and interprets them according to the results

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obtained by this classification. The main issue of the thematic classification
is rooted in the fact that generally speaking theme and subject are close.
The difference between theme and subject requires special attention.
1. Thematic classification of common words in Turkish and Albanian
Common words in Turkish and Albanian can be subjected to a thematic
classification based on fifteen titles. Of course, the number of titles could
differ. Because the amplitude of words could both reduce the thematic
classification to the lowest number as well as increase it even more. Due
to the fact it is the first study on this topic and due to the lack of universal
scale the classification is completed in line with the means offered by the
established data. Thereby the established themes are generated by gener-
alizing. The path of re-framing the words gathered under the thematic
title has not been taken. Due to the fact that it would have expanded the
study we worked on creating a generic thematic classification.
Table 1. Words related with the theme of means
Turkish
Albanian
adaptör
Adaptor
ajanda
axhendë
albüm
album
amblem
emblemë
araba
araba
atlet
atlet, fanellë
bakraç
bakraç
bandaj
bandazh
baston
bastun
battaniye
batanije
bavul
baule, valixhe
ceket
xhaketë
cezve
xhezve
cibinlik
xhiblik
cüppe
xhybe
çadır
çadër, shatorr
çakşır
çakçirë
çanak
çanak
çanta
çantë
çapa
çapë
dosya
dosje

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düdük
duduk
erzak
zahire
eyer
samar
falaka
fallaka
Table 2. Words related with the theme of faith
Turkish
Albanian
abdal
abdall, dervish
abdest
abdes
ahiret
ahret
amin
amin
babai
babai
bektaşi
bektashi
cami
xhami
cennet
xhenet
dergah
teqe
derviş
dervish
dua
dua
duacı
duaxhi
ecel
exhel
ezan
ezan
fetva
fetfa
günah
gjynah
günahkar
gjynahqar
hac
haxh
huri
hyri
iftar
iftar
iftarlık
iftarllëk
Table 3. Words related with the theme of title and occupation
Turkish
Albanian
hacı
haxhi
hacılık
haxhillëk
hadis
hadis
hafız
hafëz
kabadayı
kabadai
kabadayılık
kabadaillëk
kadayıfçı
kadaifçi
kadı
kadi
kadılık
kadillëk
kahveci
kafexhi
kalaycı
kallajxhi
kamyoncu
kamionist
köfteci
qoftexhi

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kömürcü
qymurxhi
leblebici
leblebishitës
müezzin
myezin
müftü
myfti
parlamenter
parlamentar
paşa
pasha
paşalık
pashallëk
seyirci
sehirxhi
seyisbaşı
seisbash
Table 4. Words related with the theme of trade and economy
Turkish
Albanian
banka
bankë
banker
bankier
banknot
bankënotë
esnaf
esnaf
gümrük
gjymryk
gümrükçü
gjymrykçi
işveren
patron
patron
patron
patronaj
patronazh
pazar
pazar
pazarlık
pazarllëk
sermaye
sermajë
siftah
sefte
tüccar
tyxhar
verecek
borxh
verecekli
borxhli
veresiye
veresie
vergi
vergji
vezne
vezme
veznedar
kasier
Table 5. Words related with the theme of food
Turkish
Albanian
kebap
qebap
kestane
gështenjë
keşkek
qeshqek
konserve
konzervë
köfte
qofte
kurabiye
gurabije
külbastı
gjylbasti
leblebi
leblebi
limon
limon

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limonata
limonadë
macun
maxhun
mandalina
mandarinë
marul
marule
muhallebi
muhalebi
musakka
musaka
tarçın
dalçin
tarhana
tarhana
vişne
vishnjë
vitamin
vitaminë
Table 6. Words related with the theme of housing
Turkish
Albanian
baraka
barakë
cumba
xhumbë
çadır
çadër, shatorr
çardak
çardak
çerge
cerge
hangar
hangar
hapishane
hapsanë
kamp
kamp
kervansaray
han
konak
konak
köşk
qoshk
Table 7. Words related with the theme of music
Turkish
Albanian
darbuka
darabuk
davul
daulle
keman
qemane
musiki
muzikë
müzik
muzikë
müzikal
muzikal
müzisyen
muzikant
piyanist
pianist
piyano
piano
ritim
ritëm
ritmik
ritmik
saksafon
saksofon
saz
saze
sazcı
sazexhi
solfej
solfezh
solist
solist
solo
solo

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tambur
tambur
tamburi
tamburaxhi
taverna
tavernë
Table 8. Words related with the theme of nature
Turkish
Albanian
ekolog
ekolojist
ekoloji
ekoloji
ekvator
ekuator
fırtına
furtune
tayfun
tajfun
tropik
tropik
tropikal
tropikal
tufan
tufan
uzay
kozmos
Table 9. Words related with the theme of health
Turkish
Albanian
ödem
edemë
pankreas
pankreas
parazit
parazit
penisilin
penicilinë
perhiz
pehriz
pratisyen
praticien
reçete
recetë
şırınga
shiringë
tansiyon
tension
terapi
terapi
tetanos
tetanos
tifo
tifo
tümör
tumor
ülser
ulcer
verem
verem
veremli
veremli
virüs
virus
Table 10. Words related with the theme of science and technology
Turkish
Albanian
otomat
automat
otomatik
automatik
otomobil
automobil
radyo
radio
radyoaktif
radioaktiv
radyum
radium

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teknik
teknikë
teknoloji
teknologji
telefon
telefon
teleks
teleks
teleskop
teleskop
televizyon
televizion
telgraf
telegraf
telgrafçı
telegrafist
vektör
vektor
Table 11. Words related with the theme of housing measure, quantity and time
Turkish
Albanian
ikindi
iqindi
kantar
kandar
kilo
kilo
kilogram
kilogram
kilometre
kilometër
kilovat
kilovat
kulaç
kulaç
milyar
miliard
milyarder
miliarder
milyon
milion
okka
okë
öşür
yshyr
periyod
period
periyodik
periodik
sabah
sabah
sabahleyin
sabajle
terazi
terezi
ton
ton
tonaj
tonazh
trilyon
trilion
vakit
vakt
vaktiyle
vaktile
Table 12. Words related with the theme of behavior and manner
Turkish
Albanian
babacan
babaxhan
babacanlık
babaxhanllëk
sabır
sabër
sabırlı
sabërli
sümsük
budalla
sünepe
meskin
şamata
shamatë

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şamatacı
shamataxhi
şükür
shyqyr
şüphe
shybe
tembel
dembel
tembellik
dembellëk
üşenç
dembellëk
vesvese
vesvese
vesveseli
vesveseli
yalan
jallan
yaltak
lajkatar
yaltaklık
lajkatim
yavaş
javash
yavaşlık
javashllëk
Table 13. Words related with the theme of communuty
Turkish
Albanian
cemaat
Xhemat
cemiyet
Xhemiet
komşu
Komshi
mahalle
Mëhallë
mahalleli
Mëhallës
millet
Milet
namertlik
Maskarallëk
namus
Namus
namuslu
Namusqar
öksüz
Jetim
prestij
Prestigj
statü
Statut
Table 14. Words related with the theme of entertainment
Turkish
Albanian
komedi
komedi
komedyen
komedian
komik
komik
maskara
maskara
maskaralık
maskarallëk
palyaço
palaço
palyaçoluk
palaçollëk
piknik
piknik
sirk
cirk
soytarı
palaço
soytarılık
palaçollëk
şaplak
shuplake

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şebek
shebek
taverna
tavernë
tavla
tavllë
tombala
tombolë
zevk
qejf
zevzek
zevzek
Table 15. Words related with the theme of politics, administration and military
Turkish
Albanian
muhtar
myftar
padişah
sulltan, padishah
padişahlık
sulltanat
parlamenter
parlamentar
parlamento
parlament
parti
parti
partizan
partizan
saltanat
sulltanat
sancak
sanxhak
sancakbeyi
sanxhakbej
senato
senat
senatör
senator
sendika
sindikatë
sendikacı
sindikalist
silah
silah
sipahi
spahi
sipahilik
spahillëk
siyaset
politikë
siyonist
sionist
strateji
strategji
stratejik
stratejik
süngü
syngji
süngü
singi
topçu
topçi
vakıf
vakëf
vakıfname
vakëfname
Conclusion
This study containing plenty of data will undoubtedly offer the possibility
of drawing many conclusions. On the basis of the scope, goal and method
of this study it is possible to draw the following direct conclusions. The
quality of the common words in Turkish and Albanian and their quantity

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(around four thousand) is remarkable. The existence of quite a few com-
mon words in almost all fields of life will give opportunity to many dif-
ferent scientific studies. Especially if the matter is reviewed by those re-
searching Turkish and Albanian language it could offer opportunities for
new findings and results with regard to both languages and linguistics.
These commonalities determined in the word level with regard to lan-
guage relations could also be assessed in terms of social linguistic and cul-
tural relations. Commonalities determined between two languages, which
belong to different language families, could contribute to new approaches
and interpretations of the past and future relations between Turkish and
Albanian people.
One of the most contemporary conclusions of this study could be con-
templated on the level of language learning and language teaching. Both
languages could take advantage of these common words in the process of
learning and teaching. Especially in the process of learning the quality
and quantity of these words could actively be used in language teaching
sources.
In conclusion the thematic classification of common words in Turkish
and Albanian languages is closely associated with semantics as subfield
of linguistics. The thematic classification of words is not viewed as popu-
lar topic of study. In this respect this study could also be assessed as nov-
elty.
Kaynakça / References
Gedizli, M. (2018). Dilinizdeki kelimelerimiz. İstanbul: Akademik Kitaplar
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Mehmet Gedizli
OPUS ©
Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi
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Kaynakça Bilgisi / Citation Information
Gedizli, M. (2019). Thematic classification of Turkish and Albanian com-
mon words. OPUS–International Journal of Society Researches,
11(18), 2616-2631. DOI: 10.26466/opus.555807