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Shock Wave of Explosion
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A study on the shock wave of an explosion and related calculations.
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In recent years, the explosive devices have become the weapon of choice for the majority of terrorist attacks. Such factors as the accessibility of information on the construction of bomb devices, relative ease of manufacturing, mobility and portability, coupled with significant property damage and injuries, are responsible for significant increase in bomb attacks all over the world. In most of cases, structural damage and the glass hazard have been major contributors to death and injury for the targeted buildings. Following the events of September 11, 2001, the so-called "icon buildings" are perceived to be attractive targets for possible terrorist attacks. Research into methods for protecting buildings against such bomb attacks is required. Several analysis methods available to predict the loads from a high explosive blast on buildings are examined. Analytical and numerical techniques are presented and the results obtained by different methods are compared. A number of examples are given.
A blast wave is formed in an ambient atmosphere when there is a rapid release of energy from a concentrated source. Various techniques have been used to measure the physical properties of blast waves. These measurements include: hydrostatic and dynamic pressure, and density using electronic transducers; passive techniques such as the deflection or fracture of plastic or brittle cantilevers; time-of-arrival records of the primary shock front, and high-speed time-resolved photography of shock fronts and flow tracers within the blast wave.
The expense, danger, planning and precision required to create explosions suggests that the computational visual modelling of explosions is worthwhile. However, the short time scale at which explosions occur, and their sheer complexity, poses a difficult modelling challenge. After describing the basic phenomenology of explosion events, we present an efficient computational model of isotropic blast wave transport and an algorithm for fracturing objects in their wake. Our model is based on the notion of a blast curve that gives the force-loading profile of an explosive material on an object as a function of distance from the explosion's centre. We also describe a technique for fracturing materials loaded by a blast. Our approach is based on the notion of rapid fracture: that microfractures in a material together with loading forces seed a fracturing process that quickly spreads across the material and causes it to fragment. Key words: Fracture, blast waves, explosions, physically based modelling, animation. 1
The Biodynamic of AirBlast" Fig. 35, Defense Nuclear Agency, Washington DC
- S Claiton
- White Ed
- Alt
Claiton, S. White ed. Alt. "The Biodynamic of AirBlast" Fig. 35, Defense Nuclear Agency, Washington DC, July 1, 1971, Unclassified.
Predizione dei carichi di blast generati da un'esplosione sferica in aria
- V Guarrato
Guarrato, V. Predizione dei carichi di blast generati da un'esplosione sferica in aria, p.42, Tesi di Laurea, 2011/2012.