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COMPETITIVENESS AGAINST THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
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The aim of this book is to analyse the competitiveness versus the Sustainable Development Goals. This implies addressing new poverty profiles and climate change. Poverty and climate change are factors that change the strategist perception and the construction of competitive advantages.
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Text in Spanish. Conceptual literature review and analysis on "competitiveness", as well as of the export-oriented garment segment of the global value chain in Central America. Empirical discussion and use of the methodology used by CEPAL with two software: CAN and MAGIC, both developed by CEPAL.
Published by Estudios y Perspectivas (CEPAL) 1, pp. 1-57.
El presente artículo científico, producto de investigación finalizada, tiene como objetivo analizar la distribución estratégica de las artesanías de la etnia wayuu del Departamento de La Guajira en los mercados local, nacional e internacional donde se diagnostica la situación estratégica actual; se caracteriza el enfoque de proceso; se examina la capacidad de proceso; se identifica la estrategia de diseño; se caracteriza la estrategia de demanda; se describe la estrategia de localización de la comercialización de dichas artesanías con el fin de formular lineamientos para establecer la distribución estratégica necesaria para llevar a cabo un proceso de comercialización con altos niveles de eficiencia y eficacia. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva, se fundamenta en una investigación no experimental, descriptiva de campo, de corte transaccionales descriptivos; la técnica e instrumento de recolección de datos fue la encuesta directa, aplicada a las poblaciones artesanas wayuu, empresas comercializadoras y consumidores.
Not only with respect to the common overlaps within the market of urban air mobility, but also in terms of their requirement profile with regard to the systemic core, all mobility industries are converging. This article focuses on the required patterns of learning in order to cope with these changes, and what automotive managers can learn from the aerospace industry in this context. As organizational learning is the central parameter of economic evolution, and technology develops over trajectory shifts, companies are, at the very least, cyclically forced to learn ambidextrously, or are squeezed out of the market. They have to act and react as complex adaptive systems in their changing environment. Especially in these dynamics, ambidextrous learning is identified to be a conditio sine qua non for organizational success. Especially the combination of efficiency-oriented internal exploitation with an explorative and external-oriented open innovation network turns out to be a superior strategy. By combining patent data, patent citation analysis and data on the European Framework Programs, we show that there are temporal differences, i.e., position of the product in the product, technique, technology, and industry life cycle. Furthermore, we draw a conclusion dependent on the systemic product character, which enforces different learning requirements concerning supply chain position and, as an overarching conclusion, we identify product structure to be decisive for how organizational learning should be styled.
Resumen El Cambio Ambiental Global (CAG) representa una amenaza potencial para el sector agrícola. La identificación de la vulnerabilidad local aporta informa-ción para prevenir riesgos de desastre. El presente artículo tiene como propó-sito diseñar una metodología que permita conocer el grado de vulnerabilidad agrícola municipal, en dos dimensiones: a) de los productores agrícolas y b) de la especialización relativa agrícola. Los municipios de Michoacán que conjun-taron la intersección de ambos elementos fueron clasificados en condición de riesgo por exposición a las amenazas del CAG. Los resultados sugieren que 61 municipios presentan esta condición de riesgo o vulnerabilidades alta y muy alta, 29 se encuentran en baja y otros 28 en rango muy bajo. Los municipios más vulnerables fueron: Chinicuila, Nocupétaro, Huiramba y Tzintzuntzan. Palabras Clave: vulnerabilidad agrícola, especialización relativa, cambio ambiental global. Abstract The context of Global Environmental Change (GEC) represents a potential threat to the agricultural sectors. Identifying the local vulnerability, gives information to prevent disasters risks. This paper aims design a methodology to quantify the grade of local agriculture vulnerability over two dimensions: a) of agriculture producers and, b) agriculture relatively specialization. The municipalities of Michoacán, which linked both dimensions, were classify as vulnerably or in risk condition by high exposed to EGC threats. The results suggest that the municipalities in high and highest vulnerability or risk condition were 61, with low 29 and 28 in lowest risk condition. The most vulne
With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the Korean industrial environment has been rapidly changing. As a result, several industries are facing different innovation conditions, including: the automotive industry, which is a traditional manufacturing industry in Korea; the aerospace industry, which has been vertically integrated, and has been led by a single large company-Korea Aerospace Industries-since Korea went through an economic crisis in the 1990s; and the robotics industry, which is currently emerging. This study used parameters related to patents originating from the automobile, robotics, and aerospace fields. The patents subjected to analysis were those registered in Korea from 2001 to 2014, and included those that were applied for, jointly applied for, or registered by Korean companies. This study analyzed the differences caused by the effect of open innovation in the three industries. According to our results, first, the three industries experienced different effects of open innovation. Second, when large companies controlled a given industry, open innovation either worked a little or did not work at all. According to this research result, the Korean robotics industry, which has a weak dominance of large companies, experienced a strong effect of open innovation, in that joint patent applications led to economic gains from the patents and an increase in technology transfer and technology value. The aerospace industry of Korea, which has the highest dominance of large companies, experienced a slight effect of open innovation, as the effect of joint patent application only improved the technology value. Finally, the automotive industry of Korea had an intermediate level of open innovation, between the aerospace and robotics sectors.
Este trabalho, de cunho teórico-conceitual, teve como objetivo identificar algumas prováveis consequências do modelo de integração de sistemas que tem sido adotado na indústria aeronáutica pelos principais fabricantes de avião do mundo. No modelo de integração de sistemas, os fabricantes de avião mantêm internamente as atividades associadas às suas competências essenciais e transferem aquelas associadas às suas competências periféricas aos fornecedores. Foram identificadas as seguintes consequências: o crescimento das alianças estratégicas na indústria aeronáutica; a internacionalização das cadeias aeronáuticas, com o fortalecimento de atividades produtivas em algumas regiões geográficas; os desafios relacionados à base de fornecedores domésticos e ao adensamento das cadeias nacionais; o maior poder dos fornecedores da primeira camada; a contribuição à disseminação de conhecimento entre cadeias de suprimentos; e o potencial surgimento de novos competidores
This paper examines the role of small technology-based firms (TBF) in aeronautics industrialization processes. In particular, given the susceptibility of these firms to the changing nature of industrial production, it focuses on the integration and growth of small TBFs in aeronautics supply chains. We use the case study of Embraer, the Brazilian firm that leads the regional aircraft segment, to uncover processes through which small TBFs can integrate its supply chain, creating value and enhancing regional technological capabilities. This case is of particular relevance since Embraer pioneered the introduction of risk-sharing partnership for product development in aeronautics, followed by other aircraft manufacturers, which led to significant changes in the supply chains structures.
Based on 100 semi-structured interviews with leading experts in Brazil and Portugal, our research shows that aeronautics inherent specificities impose several challenges to the integration and growth of small TBFs into the aeronautics supply chain. We identify 11 main challenges for the integration and growth of small TBF suppliers in aeronautics, and 5 major reasons why despite these challenges, some of these firms make the strategic decision of entering this sector. In addition, we argue that small TBFs should be promoted through regulatory frameworks that take into account the aircraft development process.
This paper presents an agenda for extending the theory of international business in order to explain a wider range of phenomena. This, however, has to be done with due attention to the requirements of good social science theory. Relevant criteria are set out, together with a list of issues that new theory must address. Theory needs to focus on industries as well as firms, and make greater use of formal multi‐actor models. ‘Generalizing from the particular’ should be avoided; theory needs to be derived from general social science principles that have proved successful in cognate disciplines.
This study examines how B2B service firms organize and manage knowledge in order to deliver new value adding solutions and in turn competitive advantage, addressing calls for research into this important, yet neglected area. Specifically, this study: (1) examines the role of the antecedents of knowledge integration capability (KIC) in service innovation-led competitive advantage in project-oriented B2B service firms; and (2) models and empirically tests the links between KIC and service innovation, and in turn sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). Findings from our research of Australian and US project-oriented firms support our central theorization that the new knowledge acquired through external and internal sources per se is not sufficient, but should be integrated with existing knowledge in order to deliver innovative service solutions addressing clients' needs. Results from testing non-linear effects of new knowledge configurations on service innovation provide deeper insights into the suggested relationship. Our research contributes to calls for comprehensive frameworks of service innovation-led competitive advantage. We provide theoretical and managerial implications, and suggest areas for future research.