Content uploaded by Juan E. Barriga-Tuñón
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Juan E. Barriga-Tuñón on Jun 21, 2019
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
NUEVOS ANTECEDENTES DE COLEÓPTEROS XILÓFAGOS Y PLANTAS HOSPEDERAS EN CHILE, CON UNA RECOPILACIÓN DE CITAS PREVIAS
Abstract
RESUMEN
Entre 1981-1992 los autores efectuaron una prospección de coleópteros xilófagos entre Chañaral (III Región) y Curacautín (IX Región), obteniendo y determinando 80 especies de Cerambycidae, 55 de Buprestidae, 24 de Curculionidae, 1 de Belidae, 7 de Bostrichidae, 6 de Anobiidae, 2 de Oedemeridae y 3 de Scarabaeidae, estableciendo uno o varios de sus hospederos y el estado de la madera (viva o muerta) de la cual se obtuvieron. Además se incluyen las referencias bibliográficas sobre el tema.
ABSTRACT
A survey of wood-boring Coleóptera was conducted between Chañaral (3rd Región) and Curacautín (9th Región) during 1981-1992. The species determined belong to the foUowing famihes: Cerambycidae (80), Bruprestidae (55), Curculionidae (24), Belidae (1), Bostrichidae (7), Anobiidae (6), Oedemeridae (2) and Scarabaeidae (3). The wood substrate in wich the above species were found, i.e. dead or Uve wood, is also reported. A list of selected references is provided.
... North Patagonia rainforests are dominated by several (n > 30 species) evergreen angiosperm tree species (hereinafter referred to as "evergreen trees") that host a species-poor assemblage (n ~ 4 species) of pioneer saproxylic beetles (Barriga et al., 1993, Cerda et al., 2002. Those rainforests also are composed of southern beeches (Nothofagus genus) that are colonized by numerous (n ~ 30 species) pioneer saproxylic beetle species (Giganti and Dapoto, 1990, Barriga et al., 1993, Cerda et al., 2002, Rojas and Gallardo, 2005. ...
... North Patagonia rainforests are dominated by several (n > 30 species) evergreen angiosperm tree species (hereinafter referred to as "evergreen trees") that host a species-poor assemblage (n ~ 4 species) of pioneer saproxylic beetles (Barriga et al., 1993, Cerda et al., 2002. Those rainforests also are composed of southern beeches (Nothofagus genus) that are colonized by numerous (n ~ 30 species) pioneer saproxylic beetle species (Giganti and Dapoto, 1990, Barriga et al., 1993, Cerda et al., 2002, Rojas and Gallardo, 2005. The endemic pit weevil (distributional range limits: 31 • S − 45 • S), Psepholax dentipes (Boheman), is among the few pioneer saproxylic beetle species in those forests that specialize in evergreen trees and establish massively in dying and recently dead trees (Table S1; Barriga et al., 1993, Lanfranco et al., 2001, Rojas and Gallardo, 2005, Elgueta and Marvaldi, 2006. ...
... Those rainforests also are composed of southern beeches (Nothofagus genus) that are colonized by numerous (n ~ 30 species) pioneer saproxylic beetle species (Giganti and Dapoto, 1990, Barriga et al., 1993, Cerda et al., 2002, Rojas and Gallardo, 2005. The endemic pit weevil (distributional range limits: 31 • S − 45 • S), Psepholax dentipes (Boheman), is among the few pioneer saproxylic beetle species in those forests that specialize in evergreen trees and establish massively in dying and recently dead trees (Table S1; Barriga et al., 1993, Lanfranco et al., 2001, Rojas and Gallardo, 2005, Elgueta and Marvaldi, 2006. Psepholax dentipes may benefit other saproxylic species through the transformations they make in freshly deadwood (i.e., deep, intricate, and dense gallery systems), including late-successional species of saproxylophagous beetles and top predators like woodpeckers. ...
Although the degradation of dead trees plays an important role in biodiversity maintenance, only a few species of pioneer saproxylic beetles trigger their early degradation, thus acting as ecosystem engineers. Pioneer saproxylic beetles may be functionally more important when the properties of dead wood hinder its decay. In Patagonian rainforests, recently dead evergreen trees are massively colonized by a unique pit weevil species (Psepholax dentipes), while Nothofagus tree species host several pioneer beetle species. We evaluated if P. dentipes acts as an ecosystem engineer in evergreen trees only, positively affecting saproxylophagous beetles and Magellanic woodpeckers. We compared P. dentipes abundance between dead trees of evergreen and Nothofagus species. A causal model was used to test P. dentipes facilitation on woodpeckers and saproxylophagous beetles, while the foraging preferences of woodpeckers for trees colonized by P. dentipes were evaluated with zero-inflated models. Psepholax dentipes were more abundant in evergreen trees than in Nothofagus trees, in both cases affecting positively foraging woodpeckers. However, the positive P. dentipes effect on woodpeckers was stronger in evergreen trees than in Nothofagus trees, while a positive P. dentipes effect on saproxylophagous beetles was found only in evergreen trees. Woodpeckers selected trees with more holes of P. dentipes, but this effect weakened as trees became more decayed. Our results support the role of P. dentipes as ecosystem engineers in dead evergreen trees as they improve microhabitat conditions for saproxylophagous beetles and foraging woodpeckers, while serving as prey for woodpeckers.
... −71.6666) and Los Lagos (−41.4716, −72.9366) [2,3]. Its larval stage develops only in live trees of Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) ...
... Oerst. (Nothofagaceae) [2]. The female oviposits on the bark, the eggs hatch in about a month, and their larvae develop in two years, boring extensive galleries in the trunks without killing the tree but severely affecting the quality of the valuable wood in commercial farms [4][5][6][7]. ...
During the spring–summer seasons between 2019 and 2023, in the localities of Maquehue (La Araucanía Region) and Llifén (Los Ríos Region), we collected 262 virgin Proholopterus chilensis (1 female/2.3 males) specimens emerging from the live trunks of N. obliqua trees, an atypical sex ratio in Cerambycidae, suggesting high male competition for females. Virgin specimens of both sexes were individually placed in panel traps in the field, capturing only males (n = 184) over the field study seasons and only in traps baited with females. This fact preliminarily suggests the P. chilensis females emit possible “volatile or airborne” pheromones (eventually being a long-range sex pheromone), something unusual in Cerambycinae, the subfamily to which it currently belongs, although the taxonomic status of the species is under debate. In Llifén and Santiago (Metropolitan Region), behavioral observations were conducted, which allowed us to define the conditions necessary for male–female encounters that were replicated when carrying out volatile captures (Head Space Dynamic = HSD) and collections of compounds from terminalias excised from females. In field trials, virgin females less than ten days old were more attractive than older ones and attracted males during the night, i.e., between 23:00 and 5:00 AM, when the ambient temperature exceeded 11.6 °C. The aeration of females under the conditions described above and subsequent analysis of extracts by GC-MS allowed the identification of compounds absent in males and the control, including two oxygenated sesquiterpenes, a nitrogenous compound (C20), and a long-chain hydrocarbon (C26). From the terminalia extracts, hentriacontane, heptacosane, and heneicosyl, heptacosyl and docosyl acetates were identified by GC-MS, and their roles are unknown in the development of short-distance sexual behaviors, but they could serve to mark a trail leading the male towards the female in the final stage of approach for courtship/mating. Thus, we proposed the hypothesis that P. chilensis females emit both a long-range and a trail-pheromone, which, if confirmed, would be a rare case in this family. The specific identity of the compounds obtained by HSD, as well as the activities of these chemicals and those obtained from the terminalias, should be evaluated in future behavioral studies, as well as regarding their potential to attract males under field conditions. The current document is the first report on volatiles obtained from aerations and compounds extracted from female terminalia in P. chilensis.
... Afterward, collected beetles were assigned to different trophic guilds based on Bouget et al.'s (2005) simplified approach to clustering the species into trophic groups, namely mycophagous, defined as fungivorous generalists or xylomycetophagous species; xylophagous, defined as deadwood consumers, including saproxylophagous and generalist lignicolous species inhabiting deadwood; and zoophagous, defined as predators active in deadwood. For this purpose, we used the larval lifestyle and general knowledge of each group described in current literature (e.g., Barriga et al. 1993;Arias et al. 2008;Rojas and Gallardo 2004;Paulsen 2010;Fierro et al. 2017;Solervicens 2014;Lüer 2020;Tello et al. 2022). ...
Urban expansion is an important cause of biodiversity loss due to habitat destruction involving the replacement of the natural environment with anthropic infrastructure. However, recent studies suggest that the harmonious growth of cities could allow the persistence of biological diversity within them. Thus, some cities, especially those that contain remnant forests that preceded their expansion, could harbor high levels of biodiversity. These remnant forests, i.e., urban natural forests (UNFs), are refuges for native species, providing suitable habitat conditions for population stability. However, traditional ecological studies have focused on natural and planted forests, so our knowledge of ecological dynamics in UNFs is still limited. Here, we explore the suitability of a temperate UNF for saproxylic beetles. These beetles are deadwood-dependent, highly diverse trophic groups that commonly inhabit natural forest ecosystems. However, saproxylic beetle diversity has been understudied in urban forest ecosystems. We analyzed the species richness, abundance, and seasonal variation of saproxylic beetles, including their most important trophic guilds, associated with urban forests. For this purpose, we monitored standing dead trees monthly between December 2019 and December 2022, using trunk window (flight interception) traps in the UNF Arboretum of Valdivia, Chile. Additionally, we measured qualitative and quantitative habitat attributes to evaluate the preferences of these insects in the UNF. We used generalized linear models as statistical methods to estimate saproxylic beetle habitat preferences. We collected 1273 individuals, belonging to 43 families and 195 saproxylic species/morphospecies. We found that diversity and abundance were strongly influenced by seasonality and the degree of decomposition of deadwood, with increased diversity and abundance in warmer months and highly decomposed trees. Our data show that UNF Arboretum harbor a high diversity of saproxylic species and are therefore suitable habitats and that the factors that regulate these assemblages are homologous to those of natural forests. Finally, our research provides evidence useful for the establishment of conservation and management practices to promote high diversity in UNFs, for example increasing the deadwood volume and quality of the habitat for saproxylic diversity.
... This result is not surprising given that more than 50% of the non-native plants in Chile are of European origin (Fuentes et al. 2014). Barriga et al. (1993) and Fuentes-Contreras et al. (1997), in their analyses of Coleoptera and Aphids, respectively, report that, with only two exceptions, non-native insects feed on non-native plants, which supports the hypothesis that the non-native-plant/ non-native-insect association is the key promoter of the introduction of arthropods . This is reinforced by the fact that most non-native insects are associated with agricultural, forestry and ornamental plants. ...
The arrival of Europeans to the Americas triggered a massive exchange of organisms on a continental scale. This exchange was accelerated by the rapid increase in the movement of people and goods during the 20 th century. In Chile, scientific and technical literature contains hundreds of records of non-native insect species established in different parts of the territory, from the hyperarid Atacama Desert to the Magallanes Region. Here, we analyse temporal trends, taxonomic diversity, biogeographic origin and main impacts of these species on different sectors in Chile from the European arrival to the present. Our task includes a review of old records in museum catalogues, libraries, collections, expedition records and catalogues. Almost 600 species of non-native insects have been reported to be established in Chile. Introductions started with the very arrival of Europeans to the central valley of Chile and underwent a huge acceleration in the second half of the 20 th century. The order Hemiptera was the most prevalent amongst non-native insects. Most species are linked to agriculture and forestry. Species are of Palearctic origin in more than 50% of the records. In terms of temporal trends, the rate of established non-native species shows an abrupt increase at the beginning of the 1950s. This change may be associated with the strong development in agriculture and forestry in Chile after World War II and the increase in intercontinental air traffic. We believe that the understanding of past patterns of introductions is an important component in the design of current policies to minimise the impact of invasive insects.
... En cuanto a especies de Nothofagus y su fauna de insectos asociada, en nuestro país se tienen los trabajos de: Barriga et al. (1993) en el que incluyen nuevos registros de coleópteros xilófagos para algunas especies de Nothofagus; Lanfranco et al. (2001) para defoliadores de Nothofagus obliqua; Arias et al. (2008) y Elgueta et al. (2008), para Coleoptera y Curculionidae, respectivamente, encontradas en follaje de distintas especies de árboles, entre ellos Nothofagus dombeyi y Nothofagus obliqua; Vergara y Jerez (2010) respecto de la entomofauna asociada al follaje de Nothofagus antarctica (Forst.) Oerst.; Sandoval y Beéche (2010), en relación a insectos asociados a Nothofagus macrocarpa (como N. rutila) y Huerta et al. (2011), sobre insectos asociados a Nothofagus glauca. ...
... Considering the three most abundant species collected, all are native to western South America (Chile and Argentina [41]), all have diverse host plants (up to 21 in E. laetus [58]), and all are of economic importance in Chile. Eryphus laetus is reported as a minor pest in apple branches in southern Chile [56] and is quarantined as a potentially invasive species by the USA [59]. ...
We conducted field bioassays with several known cerambycid pheromones in two zones of central-southern Chile: (1) Las Trancas (Ñuble region) and Coñaripe (Los Rios region) (Study 1) and (2) Rucamanque and Maquehue (La Araucania region) (Study 2). Up to eight compounds were tested individually, including 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, (2R*,3S*)- and (2R*,3R*)-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, fuscumol acetate, monochamol, 2-methylbutanol, and geranylacetone. Compounds were loaded in plastic sachets placed in either multiple funnel or cross-vane panel traps hung in trees in a randomized block design (n = 3 or 4). The number of treatments and bioassay periods varied depending on the study. A total of 578 specimens belonging to 11 native species were collected, with the three captured in the highest numbers being Eryphus laetus (292 specimens), Calydon submetallicum (n = 234), and Chenoderus testaceus (n = 20). The three species are of economic importance: E. laetus is considered a minor pest in apple orchards, and the other two species infest Nothophagus hosts, including some timber species. Traps baited with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone collected significant numbers of both sexes of the two most abundant species, and this compound was the only treatment that attracted C. submetallicum. (2R*,3R*)- and (2R*,3S*)-2,3-Hexanediols were also significantly attractive to E. laetus. Our results suggested that 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 2,3-hexanediols, which are known pheromone components of cerambycid species worldwide, are also likely to be conserved aggregation pheromone components among some species in western South America.
... oblongifolia Lamarck, 1786 (Moore & Vidal, 2015). However, in species such as Ectinogonia buqueti Spinola, 1837, both adults and larvae feed on several plant species (Barriga et al., 1993). ...
Ectinogonia is a genus of jewel beetles from the western slope of the Andes Cordillera, inhabiting arid and semiarid ecosystems in different biogeographical provinces. Most of the species in this genus have undergone several rearrangements and misassignments over time, making the taxonomic history of Ectinogonia particularly complex. Recent studies based on molecular phylogenies suggest that the taxonomy of the genus should be revised using genetic tools. Because some species are polymorphic and others cryptic and monomorphic, species diversity may be over- or underestimated. We performed here the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny for Ectinogonia s.s. using nuclear and mitochondrial genes. We also performed species delimitation analyses to estimate diversity within Ectinogonia. Results show that Ectinogonia is divided into two main groups: the artificial ‘southern group’ and the natural ‘northern clade’. The southern group matched with the current morphology-based taxonomy, whereas the northern clade contained the largest number of species, several of which do not fit with the current taxonomy. There was both genetic-morphological uncoupling and crypsis by convergence, suggesting a complex evolutionary history. We also provide a new taxonomic arrangement based on our results.
... oblongifolia Lamarck, 1786 (Moore & Vidal, 2015). However, in species such as Ectinogonia buqueti Spinola, 1837, both adults and larvae feed on several plant species (Barriga et al., 1993). ...
Ectinogonia is a genus of jewel beetles from the western slope of the Andes Cordillera, inhabiting arid and semiarid ecosystems in different biogeographical provinces. Most of the species in this genus have undergone several rearrangements and misassignments over time, making the taxonomic history of Ectinogonia particularly complex. Recent studies based on molecular phylogenies suggest that the taxonomy of the genus should be revised using genetic tools. Because some species are polymorphic and others cryptic and monomorphic, species diversity may be over-or underestimated. We performed here the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny for Ectinogonia s.s. using nuclear and mitochondrial genes. We also performed species delimitation analyses to estimate diversity within Ectinogonia. Results show that Ectinogonia is divided into two main groups: the artificial 'southern group' and the natural 'northern clade'. The southern group matched with the current morphology-based taxonomy, whereas the northern clade contained the largest number of species, several of which do not fit with the current taxonomy. There was both genetic-morphological uncoupling and crypsis by convergence, suggesting a complex evolutionary history. We also provide a new taxonomic arrangement based on our results.
Urban expansion is an important cause of biodiversity loss due to habitat destruction involving the replacement of the natural environment with anthropic infrastructure. However, recent studies suggest that the harmonious growth of cities could allow the persistence of biological diversity within them. Thus, some cities, especially those that contain remnant forests that preceded their expansion, could harbor high levels of biodiversity. These remnant forests, i.e., urban natural forests (UNFs), are refuges for native species, providing suitable habitat conditions for population stability. However, traditional ecological studies have focused on natural and planted forests, so our knowledge of ecological dynamics in UNFs is still limited. Here, we explore the suitability of a temperate UNF for saproxylic beetles. These beetles are deadwood-dependent, highly diverse trophic groups that commonly inhabit natural forest ecosystems. However, saproxylic beetle diversity has been understudied in urban forest ecosystems. We analyzed the species richness, abundance, and seasonal variation of saproxylic beetles, including their most important trophic guilds, associated with urban forests. For this purpose, we monitored standing dead trees monthly between December 2019 and December 2022, using trunk window (ight interception) traps. Additionally, we measured qualitative and quantitative habitat attributes to evaluate the preferences of these insects in the UNF. We used generalized linear models as statistical methods to estimate saproxylic beetle habitat preferences. We collected 1273 individuals, belonging to 43 families and 195 saproxylic species/morphospecies. We found that diversity and abundance were strongly in uenced by seasonality and the degree of decomposition of deadwood, with increased diversity and abundance in warmer months and highly decomposed trees. Our data show that UNFs harbor a high diversity of saproxylic species and are therefore suitable habitats and that the factors that regulate these assemblages are homologous to those of natural forests. Finally, our research provides evidence useful for the establishment of conservation and management practices to promote high diversity in UNFs, for example increasing the amount and quality of deadwood.
We report the first biosecurity surveillance detections of the adventive cerambycid beetle Nathrius brevipennis (Mulsant)
by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. The detections in panel traps near the port
of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia are a result of ongoing pest monitoring by the department’s National Border Surveillance
program. Nathrius brevipennis adults were detected at three separate trap sites over three successive summers (2019–2022),
which suggests that a localized population is established. Apparently native to the western Mediterranean, N. brevipennis
has been introduced to other countries via the trade of manufactured wicker work and basketry articles and is now almost
cosmopolitan. The species is highly polyphagous, recorded from at least 42 genera across 22 plant families. There are earlier
records of N. brevipennis from the 1920s in Melbourne and Adelaide. These were misidentified as Molorchus sp., and the
source of these detections is unclear. Diagnostic characters and photographs of both sexes of N. brevipennis are presented
together with an extensive review of host associations and DNA barcode data based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c
oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.
RESUMEN Se entregan antecedentes sobre la biología de Callisphyris molorchoides (Guér.)-Se reconocen sus plantas hospederas, todas pertenecientes a la familia Rhamnaceae y se establece la distribución geográfica de la especie. ABSTRACT It is included iníormation concerning the biologv of Callisphyris molorchoides (Guér.). Its host plants are recogniced (all belonging to Rhamnaceae family), and it is stablished the geografical distribution ot this species.
RESUMEN A base de una recopilación bibliográfica y conocimiento del grupo, se entrega una visión actualizada del estado de investigación de los Coleóptera de Chile. Se incluye un esquema de clasificación de las familias consideradas válidas y se tratan por separado todas aquellas representadas en Chile; para cada una de ellas se da número de género y especies, incluyendo antecedentes biológicos conocidos. En el caso de familias con pocos representantes, se ofrece un listado taxonómico, siempre que no existan catálogos recientes o se haya señalado expresamente los géneros y número de especies que los constituyen. Georyssidae, Eucinetidae y Limnichidae, los Curculionidae Neopachytychius squamosus Hustache y Naupactus verecundus Hustache y el Silphidae Oxelytrum anticola (Guérin), son citados por primera vez para Chile. Se mencionan los siguientes taxa omitidos en el catálogo de Blackwelder (1944-1957), indicando entre paréntesis el grupo en el cual son tratados en este aporte; se propone además una nueva sinonimia: ABSTRACT Based upon bibliographical review and practical knowledge of this group, an actualized view of the investigation state of chilean Coleóptera is given. A classification of the valid families is included. AU families that are present in Chile are separately analized, and biological data, genera and species numbers are detailed. For small families without recent revisión or checklist, a taxonomic list is given. Georyssidae, Eucinetidae and Limnichidae, the weevils Neopachytychius squamosus Hustache and Naupactus verecundus Hustache, and the carrion beetle Oxelytrum anticola (Guérin) existent in Chile are cited for the first time. Fourteen taxa omitted in Blackwelder's Checklist (1 944-1 957) are mentioned, between parenthesis the group in which these taxa are cited, and a new synonymy is proposed:
Berberis empetrifolia (V) (8-)
- Cerda Callisphyris Uretai
Callisphyris uretai Cerda:
Berberis empetrifolia (V) (8-).
Nothofagus dombeyi (V) (8-)
- Planopus Sp
Planopus sp.:
Nothofagus dombeyi (V) (8-).
Cer.) = Callisphyris apicicomis (V)
- Rosa Sp
Rosa sp. (Cer.) = Callisphyris apicicomis (V).
Cer.) = Callisphyris apicicomis (V), Callisphyris macropus (V)
- Rosa Moschata Hemn
Rosa moschata Hemn.: (Cer.) = Callisphyris
apicicomis (V), Callisphyris macropus (V).
Trigonogeniíim sp. (V)
- Zygophyllaceae Poriieria Chilensis Johnst
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Poriieria chilensis Johnst: (Bup.) = Atacamita
chiliensis (M), Trigonogeniíim sp. (V); (Cer.) =
Grammicosum larsoni (M), Grammicosum maculicome (M).
Pinus radiata (M) (Billing y Hosten, 1967 a y b
- L Buprestis
Buprestis novemmaculata L.: Pinus radiata (M)
(Billing y Hosten, 1967 a y b; Gara et aL, 1980).
M) (Billingy Holsten, 1969 a y b
- P Gara
P. radiata
(M) (Billingy Holsten, 1969 a y b; Gara et al., 1980;