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The Brushed Jumping Spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Jotus L. Koch,
1881) from Eastern Australia
Barbara C. Baehr1,3, Joseph Schubert2, Danilo Harms3
1 Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia
2 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
3 Zoological Museum, Centre of Natural History, University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
http://zoobank.org/FE3AE7FE-8009-41BC-AFC9-F7D7F77A14EF
Corresponding author: Barbara C. Baehr (Barbara.Baehr@qm.qld.gov.au)
Abstract
The Australian fauna of Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) is highly diverse and in-
cludes iconic lineages such as the peacock spiders (genus Maratus Karsch, 1878) that
are well-known for their vibrant colours and fascinating behaviours. Many other jump-
ing spiders in Australia are also highly attractive but almost nothing is known about
their diversity and taxonomic identity. Here, we describe and illustrate eight species of
‘brushed’ jumping spiders (genus Jotus L. Koch, 1881). Three of these were described
more than 140 years ago and are redescribed and illustrated here: Jotus auripes L. Koch,
1881, J. braccatus L. Koch, 1881 and J. minutus L. Koch, 1881. Five new species are
also described: Jotus albimanus sp. nov., J. fortiniae sp. nov., J. karllagerfeldi sp. nov.,
Jotus moonensis sp. nov., and J. newtoni sp. nov. While Jotus is a diverse and frequently
observed genus in Australia, specimens are strangely rare in museum collections. A com-
prehensive revisionary framework including targeted eld work and molecular methods
will be required to fully document this charismatic and attractive group of spiders.
Key Words
new species
Euophryinae
Karl Lagerfeld
Museum Goderoy
taxonomy
Introduction
The Australian fauna of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salti-
cidae) is highly diverse and includes iconic genera such
as the peacock spiders (genus Maratus Karsch, 1878) that
display colourful abdominal aps during courtship be-
haviour (Baehr and Whyte 2016, Otto and Hill 2012), and
the monkey-faced spider Mopsus mormon (Karsch, 1878)
where the males have a beautifully decorated head region
(Hill 2011). One of the jumping spider genera that is also
frequently observed and photographed by naturalists is
the genus Jotus L. Koch, 1881. Species in this genus are
sexually dimorphic and the males are often extremely co-
lourful while the females are usually coloured brown or
grey. For more than a century nothing was known about
their biology but recent observations have shown that
the males perform elaborate mating dances that involve
a brush of long and often colourful setae on the rst or
Received 13 March 2019
Accepted 9 May 2019
Published 18 June 2019
Academic editor:
Martin Husemann
third pair of legs. All males use this brush to wave to the
females and attract them across short distances (Otto and
Hill 2016) and hence we refer to these animals further be-
low as “brushed” jumping spiders. Colouration patterns
in the males are species-specic and range from black-
white combinations to extremely colourful morphs with
iridescent turquoise and orange patterns.
The rst species of Jotus were collected in Australia
more than 150 years ago on behalf of Johann Cesar Go-
deroy (1813–1885) who was a wealthy tradesman in
Hamburg, Germany. Stimulated by Darwin’s theory of
natural selection (1859) and the records of his captains
and trade partners, the “South Sea King” established the
Museum Goderoy in Hamburg (1861–1885) which is
possibly the largest private museum that ever existed
(Kranz 2005; Scheps 2005). Cesar Goderoy wanted to
know about the cultures, nature and lands in the South-
ern Sea and hired many professional collectors to acquire
Evolutionary Systematics 3 2019, 53–73 | DOI 10.3897/evolsyst.3.34496
Copyright Barbara C. Baehr et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Barbara C. Baehr et al.: The Brushed Jumping Spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Jotus L. Koch, 1881) from Eastern Australia
54
cultural and biological artefacts. Amongst the collectors
were Amalie Dietrich (1821–1891) and Eduard Dämel
(1821–1900) who collected extensively in Queensland
(Dietrich) or New South Wales (Dämel). Amalie Diet-
rich’s story is fascinating because she was the only wom-
en ever to be hired by the Goderoy’s and explored Aus-
tralia at a time when even Brisbane was frontier country
and emancipation was unheard o (Gilbert 2019). During
her time in Australia (1863–1873), Dietrich collected sev-
eral hundred species of spiders and amongst these were
many jumping spiders. The rst species of Jotus were
described from her collections by Ludwig Carl Christian
Koch (1825–1908) who compiled a large monograph on
Australian spiders “Die Arachniden Australiens” over a
decade (1871–1881) until his work was taken over and
nalised by fellow colleague Eduard Graf von Keyser-
ling (1881–1890). This extraordinary work of no less
than 1800 printed pages remains an essential source for
arachnologists until today.
Here, we re-describe three species of Jotus that were
originally named in “Die Arachniden Australiens” but
also add ve new species to the genus. Three of these
are named after people who have inspired (or continue to
inspire) the world through their hard work and creativi-
ty, similar to the scientists, businessmen and naturalists
mentioned above: Jotus karllagerfeldi sp. nov. - a species
in black and white whose large black eyes (sunglasses),
black and white pedipalps (kent collar) and a “fashion
fan” of black setae on leg I reminds us of Karl Lager-
feld; Jotus fortiniae sp. nov. for Ellen Fortini who keeps
on inspiring students so that they appreciate the value of
science for our society; and Jotus newtoni sp. nov. after
Mark Newton (WILD South Australia) who documents
the amazing wildlife of the Australian outback and pro-
vided the images for one of the species recorded here. Fi-
nally, we add two additional species Jotus albimanus sp.
nov. and J. moonensis sp. nov. that illustrate yet another
facet of the extraordinary diversity of brushed jumping
spiders. By illustrating key diagnostic features for these
new species, we hope that the foundation is laid for more
comprehensive studies on their behaviour and biology.
Through this partial revision we also provide a reference
for the outstanding morphological diversity of this genus:
a true fashion show of nature.
Materials and methods
Specimens for this study were drawn from two muse-
um collections: the jumping spider collection of the
Queensland Museum (QM) was sorted as part of this
project and specimens belonging to Jotus identied. We
also re-analysed material from the Goderoy collection
of spiders that is held at Zoological Museum in Hamburg
(ZMH). This collection contains the original specimens
used by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (1825–1908) for
species descriptions in “Die Arachniden Australiens”
(1871–1883). Syntypes from the Goderoy Collection
were sold to various other museums in the late 19th cen-
tury and as a result the type series of Koch’s species are
often split between museums. We have re-discovered
several “lost” syntypes and designated lecotypes and
paralectotypes from type series. Aside from museum col-
lections, one new species was collected on a Bush Blitz
expedition to Quinkan Country (conducted by the QM in
March 2017).
All specimens were examined in 75% EtOH using a
Leica MZ 16 A or Leica M 205 A microscope. Female
genitalia were dissected and cleared with Pancreatin at
room temperature (Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga 2007)
for several hours and then imaged. Multiple images in
dierent focal planes were taken with a Leica DMC 4500
digital camera and combined with the stacking software
AutoMontage Pro version 5.2. Plates were assembled in
Adobe Photoshop Version 13.0.6. GoogleEarth was used
to determine approximate geographical coordinates for
historical specimens. All measurements are in millime-
tres. Abbreviations used in the text are as follows: ALE
anterior lateral eye; AME anterior median eye; PLE pos-
terior lateral eye; PME posterior median eye. Institutions
containing relevant species are as follows: MV = Muse-
um Victoria (Collection Manager Peter Lillywhite): QM
= Queensland Museum (Robert J. Raven and Wendy He-
bron); ZMH = Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (Danilo
Harms and Nadine Dupérré).
Systematics
Family SALTICIDAE Blackwall, 1841.
Subfamily EUOPHRYINAE Zhang, Wayne & Mad-
dison, 2013.
Genus Jotus L. Koch, 1881
Jotus L. Koch, 1881a: 1243. Type species: Jotus auripes L.
Koch, 1881. Designated by monotypy.
Diagnosis. The classication of Australian jumping spi-
der genera is in ux and the original diagnosis by Koch is
clearly outdated and mixes plesiomorphies with putative
autapomorphies. Davies and Zabka (1989) diagnosed Jo-
tus by male leg III < leg IV, presence of fringes on male
leg I, and lack of stridulatory ridges on the back of the car-
apace. Jotus is similar to other genera in the “Saitis clade”
of jumping spiders by having a relatively large male palpal
bulb with a retrolateral sperm duct loop, a large retrobasal
tegular lobe, a nger-like retolateral tibial apophysis, an
anticlockwise coiled embolus, and a lamella on the tegular
shoulder of the male palp (Zhang and Maddison 2015).
The males of Jotus dier from these genera by legs III &
IV nearly the same length or legs III as long as IV, leg I
raised in display, tarsus I usually white, tibia and metatar-
sus I often fringed with long setae that form a brush, and
prosoma with a broad lateral band of white scales. The
opisthosoma is medially dark but often has white lateral
bands of setae (Otto and Hill 2016). We agree with Otto
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and Hill (2016) that colour patterns (carapace with lateral
stripes, opisthosoma with lateral bands) and presence of a
brush of setae in males to lure females are the best charac-
ters to diagnose this genus in the eld.
Included species. Jotus auripes L. Koch, 1881; J. brac-
catus L. Koch, 1881, J. debilis L. Koch, 1881; J. frosti
Peckham & Peckham, 1901; J. insulanus (Rainbow 1920),
J. maculivertex Stand, 1911; J. minutus L. Koch 1881; J.
ravus (Urquhart 1893); J. remus Otto & Hill, 2016.
Jotus albimanus sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/BCDCFB42-0882-471F-AB0E-7C53B7FC1CE1
Figs 3A–F, 12B, 13D, 14
White-handed Brushed Jumping Spider
Material examined. Holotype male: AUSTRALIA:
New South Wales: New England National Park [30°56’S,
152°46’E] (QM S108796), coll. G. Monteith, 2 Novem-
ber 1980.
Etymology. The specic name is an adjective (albima-
nus Latin = white-handed) and refers to the palps that are
covered in long white setae.
Diagnosis. Males of J. albimanus dier from con-
geners by the palpal femur, patella, tibia and cymbium
covered with long white setae (Fig. 3C); patella I with
a fringe of long and dark setae (Fig. 13D); embolic disc
wider than long and very broad rim; embolus with point-
ed tip, closely accompanied by semicircular conductor
(Fig. 3E, 12B arrow).
Description. Male (Holotype, QM S108796).
Total length 4.4.
Prosoma. Length 2.2, width 1.5; carapace dark brown
centre lighter, lateral margin pale covered with white se-
tae (Fig. 3A); sternum length 0.9, width 0.6, pale, mottled
with brown (Fig. 3B).
Eyes (Figs 3A, C). Diameter of AME: 0.41; ALE:
0.26; PME: 0.21; PLE: 0.07. Front eyes with fringe of
white setae.
Eye rows (Fig. 3A). Anterior 1.34 wide, posterior
1.22 wide.
Clypeus (Fig. 3C). Length 0.1, pale, with long
white setae.
Chelicerae. Cinnamon brown, paturon with 1 prolater-
al and 1 retrolateral tooth.
Labium. Light brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 3B)
Endites. Light brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 3B).
Legs. Dark brown, tarsae lighter. Patella, tibia and
metatarsus I with long dense dark setae.
Opisthosoma. Length 2.2, width 1.5; with dark medi-
an band and pale lateral bands fringed by a dark lateral
band (Fig. 3A). Venter pale, mottled with dark brown
(Fig. 3B); spinnerets dark grey.
Pedipalps (Figs 3D–F, 12B). Pedipalp femur, patella,
tibia pale, covered with long white setae; tibia as long
as broad with long nger-shaped tibial apophysis, serrat-
ed at distal third; cymbium oval, pale, covered with long
white setae, tip stout indented distally, with distal scopu-
la; embolic disc nearly circular, accompanied by semicir-
cular conductor (Fig. 3E, 12B arrow).
Female unknown.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality
(Fig. 14).
Jotus auripes L. Koch, 1881
Golden-thighed Brushed Jumping Spider
Jotus auripes L. Koch, 1881a: pp. 1243–1245, pl. 107, gs 1a–d.
Figs 4A-E, 12A, 13A, 14
Material examined. Lectotype male: AUSTRALIA:
New South Wales, Sydney [ca. 33°51’S, 151°12’E]
(ZMH-A0001633; GODEFFROY Nr. 8636); 2 paralec-
totypes male & 1 paralectotype juvenile: same data (MV,
GODEFFROY Nr. 8636); coll. C.F.E. Dämel.
Diagnosis. Males of Jotus auripes dier from conge-
ners by femora I and II comparably thick (0.5 as wide
as long) and covered prolaterally with a eld of orange
setae, pedipalp patella densely covered with long white
setae (Fig. 1D), tibia and cymbium densely covered with
long iridescent setae and bulb with extremely small em-
bolic disc (Figs 1D, 12A).
Description. Male (Lectotype ZMH-A0001633).
Total length 4.8.
Prosoma. Length 2.6, width 1.8; carapace dark brown;
front covered with long white setae, eye region with
white and golden setae; lateral margin and central dot
with white setae, (Figs 1D, E); sternum length 1.2, width
0.8, pale (Fig. 4B).
Eyes (Figs 1D, E). Diameter of AME: 0.47; ALE: 0.32;
PME: 0.26; PLE: 0.08. Front eyes with fringe of white setae.
Eye rows (Fig. 4A). Anterior 1.68 wide, posterior
1.46 wide.
Clypeus (Fig. 1D). Length 0.3, covered with long
white setae.
Chelicerae. Medium brown, paturon with 0 prolateral
and 1 retrolateral tooth.
Labium. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 4B)
Endites. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 4B).
Legs. Reddish brown slightly annulated all tarsi white.
Femur I, II covered with a prolateral eld of orange setae,
tibia and metatarsus I with long dark setae prolaterally
(Figs 1D, E).
Opisthosoma. Length 2.2, width 1.5; with dark median
band and lateral bands with white setae (Fig. 1E). Venter
and spinnerets cinnamon brown (Fig. 4B).
Pedipalps (Figs 4 C–E, 12A). Pedipalp femur with
a cluster of long bright white setae dorsally (Figs 1D,
E); tibia longer than wide, covered with long scaled se-
tae except ventral part; retrolateral tibial apophysis n-
ger-shaped, tip serrated; cymbium oval, covered with
long scaled, iridescent setae, tip stout with distal scopula.
Embolic disc small, wider than long, with smooth, nar-
row rim and semicircular embolus, tip pointed, accompa-
nied by semicircular conductor (Fig. 12A arrow).
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Figure 1. Life images: A–C Jotus karllagerfeldi sp.n.: A front view; B back view; C side view (Photos: Mark Newton); D, E Jotus
auripes L. Koch, 1881: D front view; E side view (Photos: Joseph Schubert).
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Figure 2. Life images: A–C Jotus fortiniae sp. nov.: A side view; B front view; C back view (Photos: Robert Whyte); D, E Jotus
spp. (unidentied species): D front view; E front view (Photos: Michael Doe).
Female unknown.
Distribution. Jotus auripes L. Koch, 1881 was original-
ly described from Sydney (Fig. 14). According to the Atlas
of Living Australia (online at https://bie.ala.org.au/) this
species is widespread in mesic eastern Australia between
Tasmania and southern Queensland but many of these re-
cords are based on observations and cannot be conrmed.
Remarks. Koch probably described this species from
multiple males although the original description does not
state the number of specimens. The specimens at ZMH and
MV share the same Goderoy number and the Museum
Goderoy sold the specimens to the MV as “duplicates”
in 1877 after L. Koch returned them to Hamburg. All spec-
imens are syntypes and were probably collected by Eduard
Dämel from New South Wales between 1871–1875. The
MV specimens carry the access label “Recd: 25.2.88”.
Jotus braccatus L. Koch, 1881
Figs 5A–E, 6A–F, 12D, 13B, 14
Gayndah Brushed Jumping Spider
Jotus braccatus L. Koch, 1881a: pp. 1254–1256, pl. 107,
gs6–6c, 7–7e.
Material examined. Lectotype male: AUSTRA-
LIA: Queensland, Gayndah [ca. 25°37’S, 151°36’E]
(ZMH-A0001634; GODEFFROY Nr. 8633); paralec-
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Figure 3. Jotus albimanus sp. nov. (holotype male, QM S108796): A habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view; C prosoma, frontal
view; D male palp, prolateral view; E same, ventral view; F same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: habitus 1.0 mm, palp 0.1 mm.
totype female: same data (ZMH-A0001634; GODEF-
FROY Nr. 8633); 5 paralectotypes (MV, GODEFFROY
Nr. 8633); coll. A. Dietrich.
Diagnosis. Males of J. braccatus dier from congeners
by the long, slim femur I (0.25 as wide as long), the dense
eld of orange setae on prolateral section of leg I (Fig. 13B),
the embolic disc as wide as long and with a smooth and nar-
row rim, and the embolus with a broad tip (Fig. 12D).
Description. Male (Lectotype ZMH-A0001634).
Total length 4.2.
Prosoma. Length 2.4, width 1.7; carapace dark brown,
lateral margin with white setae, separated by dark me-
dium part (Fig. 5A); sternum length 0.9, width 0.7, pale
(Fig. 5B).
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Figure 4. Jotus auripes L. Koch, 1881 (lectotype male, ZMH-A0001633): A habitus, dorsal view; B habitus, ventral view; C male palp,
prolateral view; D same, ventral view; E same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: habitus, leg 1.0 mm, palp 0.5 mm.
Eyes (Fig. 5A). Diameter of AME: 0.51; ALE: 0.34;
PME: 0.2; PLE: 0.1.
Eye rows (Fig. 5A). Anterior 1.66 wide, posterior 1.58
wide.
Clypeus. Length 0.09.
Chelicerae. Dark brown, paturon with 0 prolateral and
1 retrolateral tooth.
Labium. Pale brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 5B)
Endites. Pale brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 5B).
Legs. Leg I with long, slim Femur I, 0.25 as wide as
long and the dense eld of orange setae on prolateral part,
tibia and metatarsus I with long dark setae prolaterally
(Fig. 13B); all tarsi white.
Opisthosoma. Length 1.8, width 1.4; deteriorated, no
pattern visible anymore (Fig. 5A). Venter and spinnerets
pale (Fig. 5B).
Pedipalps (Figs 5C–E, 12D). Palpal tibia as long as broad
with ventral bulge and slightly s-shaped triangular retrolater-
al tibial apophysis, bent at tip (Fig. 5E); cymbium oval, cov-
ered with long setae, tip stout with distal scopula. Embolic
disc as wide as long, with smooth, narrow rim, embolus with
broad tip and semicircular conductor (Fig. 5D arrow).
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Figure 5. Jotus braccatus L. Koch, 1881 (lectotype male, ZMH-A0001634): A habitus, dorsal view; B habitus, ventral view; C right
leg I, prolateral view; D prosoma, frontal view; E male palp, prolateral view; F same, ventral view; G same, retrolateral view. Scale
bars: habitus, leg 1.0 mm, palp 0.5 mm.
Female (Paralectotype ZMH-A0001634).
Total length 4.1.
Prosoma. Length 2.5, width 1.7; no pattern visible
(Fig. 6A); sternum length 1.0, width 0.7, pale (Fig. 6B).
Eyes (Figs 6A, C). Diameter of AME: 0.45; ALE:
0.34; PME: 0.30; PLE: 0.08.
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Figure 6. Jotus braccatus L. Koch, 1881 (paralectotype female, ZMH-A0001634): A habitus, dorsal view; B habitus, ventral view;
C prosoma, frontal view; D mouth parts, ventral view; E epigyne, ventral view; F same, dorsal view. Scale bars: habitus 1.0 mm,
prosoma 0.5 mm; mouth parts, epigyne 0.1 mm.
Eye rows (Fig. 6A). Anterior 1.72 wide, posterior
1.62 wide.
Clypeus (Fig. 6C). Length 0.1.
Chelicerae. Pale, paturon with 2 prolateral and 1 ret-
rolateral teeth.
Labium. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 6D)
Endites. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 6D).
Legs. Legs pale brown (Fig. 6A).
Opisthosoma. Length 1.6, width 1.8; no pattern visible
(Fig. 6A). Venter and spinnerets pale (Fig. 6B).
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Epigyne (Figs 6E, F) with semicircular windows and a
medium septum (Fig. 6E arrow), primary and secondary
spermatheca circular, about the same size (Fig. 6F arrows).
Distribution. Only known from the type locality
(Fig. 14).
Remarks. See Jotus auripes. Koch described this species
from multiple males and females but Museum Goderoy
broke up the type series through the sale of duplicate speci-
mens. Amalie Dietrich collected these specimens on behalf
of the Museum Goderoy. The MV specimens carry the ac-
cess label “Recd: 25.2.88”. We x the illustrated male as the
lectotype in the type series that comprises several specimens
that were most likely collected at a common locality.
Jotus debilis L. Koch, 1881
Weak Brushed Jumping Spider
Jotus debilis L. Koch, 1881a: pp. 1252–1253, pl. 107,
gs5–5 c.
Material examined. Type? Female: AUSTRALIA:
New South Wales, Sydney [ca. 33°51’S, 151°12’E]
(ZMH-A0001635; GODEFFROY Nr. 8630), coll.
C.F.E. Dämel.
Other material examined. Only known from
type specimen.
Remarks. Koch described and illustrated a female
specimen and Rack (1961) also gave this specimen as a
female in her catalogue of ZMH spiders. We re-examined
this specimen that is in fact a male and does not match the
original description by Koch. It is possible that the type
specimen was misplaced or is lost and no other specimens
are currently known. We are unable to comment on the
status of this species, except that the specimen described
by Koch is unlikely to belong to Jotus and has a somatic
and genital morphology that does not match the current
concept of this genus (Otto & Hill, 2016).
Jotus fortiniae sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/314BF9B6-2C43-4E1C-AFBD-D3B0F9973503
Figs 2A–C, 7A–E, 12C, 13H, 14
Ellen Fortini’s Jumping Spider
Material examined. Holotype male: AUSTRALIA:
Queensland, Cape York Peninsula, Quinkan Country via
Laura, Bushblitz Field 1, Hill Top [15°35’S, 144°32’E]
(QM S107391), coll. Jim Mclean, 13 March 2017.
Other material examined. Only known from type
specimen.
Etymology. The specic name is a patronym in hon-
our of educator and molecular biologist Dr Ellen Fortini
who was nominated by students from Perth College in
Western Australia as part of a Bush Blitz spider naming
competition. The overwhelming public support for the
nomination is a testament to Dr Fortini’s ability to inspire
young people in the eld of science and foster science
communication in the Australian community.
Diagnosis. Males of J. fortini dier from congeners by
the long dense orange setae on femur I and ventrally on
the patella, tibia and metatarsus I (Figs 2A, B, 13H) and
embolus with bifurcate tip (Fig. 7D).
Description. Male (Holotype QM S107391).
Total length 3.4.
Prosoma. Length 1.8, width 1.5; carapace front cov-
ered with bright orange setae, eye region with golden
setae surrounded by blue-greenish setae; lateral margin
and central band with white setae, separated by a band of
dark setae (Fig. 2A); sternum pale, length 0.8, width 0.6,
pale (Fig. 7B).
Eyes (Fig. 2B). Diameter of AME: 0.41; ALE: 0.28;
PME: 0.24; PLE: 0.005. Front eyes with fringe of
white setae.
Eye rows (Fig. 7A). Anterior 1.49 wide, posterior
1.25 wide.
Clypeus. Length 0.1, covered with orange setae.
Chelicerae. Pale brown, paturon with 0 prolateral and
1 retrolateral tooth.
Labium. Pale brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 7B)
Endites. Pale brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 7B).
Legs. Leg I with long dense orange setae on femur I
and ventrally on patella, tibia and metatarsus I, tibia and
metatarsus I other surface with long dark iridescent se-
tae (Fig. 13H). Leg II–IV pale and dark brown annulated,
tarsi white.
Opisthosoma. Length 1.6, width 1.0; blackish with
white horizontal anterior band and 2 white dots in poste-
rior part followed by faint white chevrons (Figs 2C, 7A).
Venter pale darker around the spinnerets (Fig. 7B); spin-
nerets pale dusted with grey.
Pedipalps (Figs 7C–E, 12C). Pedipalpal femur with
cluster of long bright orange setae dorsally; tibia as long
as broad with nger-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis,
bent at tip; cymbium oval, covered with long iridescent
setae, tip stout with distal scopula. Embolic disc large,
as wide as long, with smooth, narrow rim, embolus with
bifurcate tip accompanied by nger-shaped conductor
(Fig. 7D, 12C arrow).
Distribution. Only known from the type locality
(Fig. 14).
Jotus karllagerfeldi sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/A60EF75B-CB90-42F2-BF76-150FFE230472
Figs 1 A–C, 8A–E, 12G, 13G, 14
Karl Lagerfeld’s Jumping Spider
Material examined. Holotype male: AUSTRALIA:
Queensland, Lake Broadwater via Dalby, open forest
[27°21’S, 151°05’E] (QM S108791), coll. F. & L. Wood,
19 April 1984.
Other material examined. Only known from type
specimen and the life images taken from Mark Newton
on the banks of the Murray River of Morgan [34°01’S,
139°40’E] and Blanchetown [34°21’S, 139°37’E] and
Thompson Beach [34°29’S, 139°17’E] in South Australia.
Evolutionary Systematics 3 2019, 53–73
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Figure 7. (3) Jotus fortiniae (holotype male, QM S107391): A habitus, dorsal view; B habitus, ventral view; C male palp, prolateral
view; D same, ventral view; E same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: habitus 1.0 mm, palp 0.1 mm.
Etymology. The specic name is a patronym in hon-
our of the late Karl Lagerfeld, the “kind of fashion nym-
phomaniac that never gets an orgasm” (K. Lagerfeld,
Quote). Karl Lagerfeld inspired us with his unique sense
of design and this new spider with big black eyes and
white kent collar reminds us of his later looks – a fashion
icon in black and white. Karl grew up in Hamburg and
had a keen sense of business; similar to Johann Cesar Go-
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64
Figure 8. (7) Jotus karllagerfeldi sp. nov. (holotype male, QM S108791): A habitus, dorsal view; B habitus, ventral view; C male
palp, prolateral view; D same, ventral view; E same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: habitus 1.0 mm, palp 0.1 mm.
deroy more than a century before him who nanced the
rst major zoological expeditions to Australia.
Diagnosis. Males of J. karllagerfeldi sp. nov. dier from
congeners by the legs and pedipalps that are annulated black
and white (Figs 1A–C); the embolic disc basally broadened
and strongly u-shaped; and the pointed embolus that is ac-
companied by a leaf-shaped conductor (Fig. 8D, 12G arrow).
Description. Male (Holotype QM S108791).
Total length 5.3.
Prosoma. Length 2.8, width 2.1; carapace black with
sandy pale setae at lateral margin and chevrons on the
back, eye region black dusted with pale setae front eye
row surrounded by white setae; (Fig. 1A); sternum length
1.2, width 0.7, pale margin dusted with grey (Fig. 8B).
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Eyes (Figs 1A). Diameter of AME: 0.42; ALE: 0.28;
PME: 0.25; PLE: 0.08. Front eyes with fringe of white setae.
Eye rows (Fig. 8A). Anterior 1.64 wide, posterior
1.53 wide.
Clypeus (Fig. 1A). Length 0.2, black, covered with
long white setae.
Chelicerae. Black, paturon with 0 prolateral and 2 ret-
rolateral teeth.
Labium. Dark brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 8B)
Endites. Dark brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 8B).
Legs. Legs I–IV black and white annulated, tarsi
white. Leg I femur – metatarsus retrolaterally covered
with long black paddle-shaped setae; tibia I with long
white setae (Fig. 1A).
Opisthosoma. Length 2.5, width 1.7; with blackish me-
dian band and lateral bands of pale setae (Fig.1B). Venter
greyish with pale lateral bands (Fig. 8B); spinnerets pale.
Pedipalps (Figs 1A, 8D–E, 12G). Pedipalpal femur with
cluster of long white setae dorsally; tibia as long as broad
with straight nger-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis,
slightly bent at tip; cymbium oval, black, covered with long
white setae distally, tip stout with distal scopula. Embolic
disc broad at base, strongly u-shaped, embolus pointed, ac-
companied of leaf-shaped conductor (Fig. 8D, 12G arrow).
Female unknown.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality and
the life images (Fig. 14).
Jotus minutus L. Koch, 1881
Figs 9A–E, 12F, 13C, 14
Minute Brushed Jumping Spider
Jotus minutus L. Koch, 1881a: pp. 1257–1258, pl. 108,
gs1–1b.
Material examined. Holotype male: AUSTRA-
LIA: Queensland: Peak Downs station [ca. 23°07’S,
148°01’E] (ZMH-A0001636, GODEFFROY Nr. 8629),
coll. A. Dietrich.
Other material examined. Only known from
type specimen.
Diagnosis. Males of Jotus minutus dier from conge-
ners by the embolic disc broad at base and nearly circu-
lar, prolaterally straight and without incisions; embolus
tip broad and straight; and embolus accompanied by a
nger-shaped conductor (Fig. 12F arrow).
Description. Male (Holotype ZMH-A0001636).
Total length 3.7.
Prosoma. Length 2.0, width 1.4; carapace lateral mar-
gin with white setae (Fig. 9A); sternum length 0.8, width
0.6, pale (Fig. 9B).
Eyes (Fig. 9A). Diameter of AME: 0.38; ALE: 0.28;
PME: 0.21; PLE: 0.07. Front eyes with fringe of white setae.
Eye rows (Fig. 9A). Anterior 1.33 wide, posterior
1.07 wide.
Clypeus. Length 0.16.
Chelicerae. Pale brown, paturon with 0 prolateral and
1 retrolateral tooth.
Labium. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 9B)
Endites. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 9B).
Legs. Leg I patella, tibia and metatarsus darker brown,
with long dark setae ventrally (Fig. 13C). Leg II–IV pale,
tarsi white.
Opisthosoma. Length 1.7, width 1.0; with dark median
band and lateral bands with white setae (Fig. 9A). Venter
and spinnerets pale (Fig. 9B).
Pedipalps (Fig. 9C–E, 12F). Pedipalpal tibia as long
as broad with nger-shaped slightly bent retrolateral tib-
ial apophysis; cymbium oval, covered with long setae,
tip stout with distal scopula. Embolic disc broad at base,
nearly circular with nearly no indention prolaterally, em-
bolus straight tubiform, accompanied by nger-shaped
conductor (Fig. 9D–E, 12F arrow).
Female unknown.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality
(Fig. 14).
Remarks. Note that the type locality does not re-
late to the current mine site of Peak Downs but rath-
er Peak Downs station which was sold in 1948 by the
original owners to the Queensland-British Food Corpo-
ration and subdivided into smaller farming blocks by
the Queensland Government thereafter. A brief history
of the station can be found online (http://www.capella.
com.au/peak-downs-station). Also note the lapsus in
Baehr et al. (2017). Only one specimen is present at
ZMH but Koch mentions a second much larger male
that Eduard Dämel collected “in grass”. This speci-
men is most likely from near Sydney and is currently
lost. We treat the single specimen from Peak Downs as
the holotype.
Jotus moonensis sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/33D78480-EECC-41D6-93C8-6A34B396D9D4
Figs 10A–G, 12E, 13F, 14
Mount Moon Brushed Jumping Spider
Material examined. Holotype male: AUSTRALIA:
Queensland: Mount Moon [28°07’S, 152°33’E] (QM
S73625), coll. N. Cotsell, 21 August 1992.
Other material examined. Only known from
type specimen.
Etymology. The specic name refers to the type local-
ity, Mount Moon in Southeast Queensland.
Diagnosis. Males of Jotus moonensis dier from con-
geners by the embolic disc shaped as a slim circle; base
of embolus with a tooth-like projection (Fig. 12E); and
embolus accompanied by thin, nger-shaped conductor
(Fig. 12E arrow).
Description. Male (Holotype, QM S73625).
Total length 5.34.
Prosoma. Length 2.9, width 2.1; carapace front pale;
lateral margin with white setae ending at PME, separated
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66
Figure 9. Jotus minutus L. Koch, 1881 (holotype male, ZMH-A0001636): A habitus, dorsal view; B habitus, ventral view; C male palp,
prolateral view; D same, ventral view; E same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: habitus, leg 1.0 mm, palp 0.1 mm.
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Figure 10. (7) Jotus moonensis sp. nov. (holotype male, QM S73625): A habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view; C same, lateral
view; D same, frontal view; E male palp, prolateral view; F same, ventral view; G same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: habitus 1.0
mm, palp 0.1 mm.
by dark setae, centre pale (Fig. 10A); sternum length 1.2,
width 0.7, pale (Fig. 10B).
Eyes (Figs 10A, C, D). Diameter of AME: 0.58; ALE:
0.36; PME: 0.34; PLE: 0.08. Front eyes with fringe of
white and black setae.
Eye rows (Fig. 10A). Anterior 1.89 wide, posterior
1.51 wide.
Clypeus (Figs 10C, D). Length 0.2, pale.
Chelicerae. Medium brown, paturon with 0 prolateral
and 1 retrolateral tooth.
Labium. Pale brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig.
10B)
Endites. Pale brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig.
10B).
Legs. Patella, tibia and metatarsus I dark brown with
long dense black setae, tarsus I white with long white
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68
setae (Fig. 13F). Leg II–IV medium brown and slightly
annulated, tarsi pale.
Opisthosoma. Length 2.4, width 1.6; deteriorated and
pattern is not visible anymore (Fig. 10A). Venter medium
brown with pale lateral bands (Fig. 10B); spinnerets me-
dium brown.
Pedipalps (Figs 10E–G, 12E). Pedipalp femur, patella
and tibia pale; tibia as long as broad with long triangu-
lar tibial apophysis, slightly bent at tip; cymbium oval,
covered with long black setae, tip stout with white distal
scopula. Embolic disc as wide as long, with smooth, nar-
row rim, with a tooth-like projection at base of embolus,
embolus accompanied by thin, nger-shaped conductor
(Fig. 12E arrow).
Female unknown.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality
(Fig. 14).
Jotus newtoni sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/226C8A8A-51D8-496B-A72A-B7EB4948A802
Figs 11A–G, 12H, 13E, 14
Mark Newton’s Brushed Jumping Spider
Material examined. Holotype male: AUSTRALIA:
Queensland, Lake Broadwater via Dalby [27°21’S,
151°05’E] (QM S108794), coll. V. Davies & M. Bernie,
24 February 1985.
Other material examined. Paratypes: 1 male,
same data as holotype but 22 - 25 February 1986
(QM S5760), coll. G. Monteith, G. Thompson; 1 male
(ZMH-A0002122 ex. QM S5760), coll. G. Monteith &
G. Thompson, sweeping.
Etymology. The specic name is a patronym in hon-
our of Mark A. Newton; a keen invertebrate naturalist
who provided life images of jumping spiders for this
study and keeps on documenting the amazing wildlife of
the Australian outback.
Diagnosis. Males of Jotus newtoni dier from congeners
by the pale-coloured body and pale legs with only a fringe of
long, dark setae at leg I; prosoma with a broad lateral band
and two broad central bands of white setae (Fig. 11A); em-
bolic disc broad at base, nearly circular with small u-shaped
indention prolaterally; and embolus accompanied by a slim,
semicircular conductor (Fig. 11F, 12H arrow).
Description. Male (based on holotype, QM S108794).
Total length 4.6.
Prosoma. Length 2.4, width 1.8; carapace front and
lateral margin pale covered with white setae, and ad-
ditionally two broad central bands of white setae (Fig.
11A); sternum length 1.1, width 0.6, pale (Fig. 11B).
Eyes (Figs 11A, D). Diameter of AME: 0.50; ALE:
0.30; PME: 0.27; PLE: 0.05. Front eyes with fringe of
white setae.
Eye rows (Fig. 11C). Anterior 1.59 wide, posterior
1.28 wide.
Clypeus (Fig. 11D). Length 0.2, pale, with long
white setae.
Chelicerae. Pale, paturon with 0 prolateral and 1 ret-
rolateral tooth.
Labium. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 11B)
Endites. Pale, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 11B).
Legs. Pale without annulation. Tibia and metatarsus I
pale with long dense dark setae.
Opisthosoma. Length 2.2, width 1.5; with dark median
band and pale lateral bands (Fig. 11A). Venter pale with
dark lateral dots (Fig. 11B); spinnerets pale.
Pedipalps (Fig. 11E–G, 12H). Pedipalp femur, patella,
tibia pale; tibia as long as broad with long bowed dor-
sally indented triangular tibial apophysis; cymbium oval,
pale, covered with long setae, tip stout with distal scopu-
la; embolic disc broad at base, nearly circular with small
u-shaped indention prolaterally, embolus accompanied
by slim, semicircular conductor (Fig. 11F, 12H arrow).
Female unknown.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality
(Fig. 14).
Discussion
Re-assembling the Goderoy collection
This project forms part of a larger inventory of the Godef-
froy collection of spiders that commenced in 2017 (Baehr
et al. 2017a, b). In this project we aim to re-illustrate and
catalogue all species from this collection. The majority of
Goderoy specimens are held at the Zoological Museum
in Hamburg that acquired the collection when the Godef-
froy estate (and the museum) collapsed in 1885 and the
Hamburg senate was pushed by the community to buy
what was left of the collections at that time. This collec-
tion – comprising more than 600 species and several thou-
sand specimens – is one of the foundations of Australasian
arachnology. It contains the original specimens used by L.
Koch and E. Keyserling in “Die Arachniden Australiens”.
Considering that the descriptions were published in Ger-
man and many species are poorly illustrated by modern
standards, an updated analysis of this collection is clearly
needed. However, another problem pertains the location
and designation of type specimens. Koch and Keyserling
did not designate types in their descriptions and by cur-
rent denition all specimens in such series are classied
as syntypes. In many cases it is not clear where syntypes
from the Goderoy Collection other than at the ZMH are
located for two main reasons: Firstly, the Goderoy Muse-
um traded so-called “duplicates” to other museums and is-
sued nine sales catalogues in which the material (including
many spiders) was advertised. Many museums purchased
specimens but records were not kept because the sale was
organised via middlemen and distributors. Secondly, after
the collapse of the Goderoy estate the sale of the entire
collection was chaotic and some of the spiders may have
been auctioned or gifted to stakeholders before the remain-
ing fragments of the collection were nally moved over to
the ZMH (Scheps 2005). It is beyond the scope of this pa-
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Figure 11. Jotus newtoni sp. nov. (holotype male, QM S108794): A habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view; C prosoma, dosal
view; D same, frontal view; E male palp, prolateral view; F same, ventral view; G same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: habitus 1.0
mm, palp 0.1 mm.
per to provide a comprehensive overview of type material
but the re-discovery of type specimens for two species of
Jotus at the Museum Victoria (Melbourne) illustrates the
trade of museum specimens across country borders and
continents. The specimens at both museums share identi-
cal Goderoy numbers which suggests that the type series
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70
Figure 12. Jotus male palps, ventral view: A Jotus auripes L. Koch, 1881 (lectotype, ZMH-A0001633); B Jotus albimanus sp. nov.
(holotype, QM S108796); C Jotus fortiniae sp. nov. (holotype, QM S107391), D Jotus braccatus L. Koch, 1881 (lectotype male,
ZMH-A0001634); E Jotus moonensis sp. nov. (QM S73625); F Jotus minutus L. Koch, 1881 (holotype, ZMH-A0001636); G Jotus
karllagerfeldi sp. nov. (QM S108791); and H Jotus newtoni sp. nov. (holotype, QM S108794). Scale bars: 0.1 mm, arrows showing
conductor.
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Figure 13. Jotus males, leg I, prolateral view: A Jotus auripes L. Koch, 1881 (lectotype, ZMH-A0001633): B Jotus braccatus L.
Koch, 1881 (lectotype male, ZMH-A0001634); C Jotus minutus L. Koch, 1881 (holotype, ZMH-A0001636); D Jotus albimanus sp.
nov. (QM S108796); E Jotus newtoni sp. nov. (QM S108794); F Jotus moonaensis sp. nov. (QM S73625); G Jotus karllagerfeldi
sp. nov. (QM S108791); H Jotus fortiniae sp. nov. (QM S107391); Scale bars: 1 mm.
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72
was split after L. Koch returned the specimens to the Mu-
seum Goderoy. Original procurement lists preserved in
the archives of Museum Victoria testify that the specimens
were ordered and purchased via the London trader Rob-
ert F Damon in Weymouth, England in 1888. More type
material for these species may (or may not) be present in
other museum collections. Here, we stabilise the taxonomy
for Jotus by designating lectotypes for Koch’s species and
thereby xing the species to one specimen and one locality.
Diversity and taxonomy of Jotus in Australia
Species of Jotus are amongst the most charismatic spiders
in Australia but their taxonomy is poorly understood. The
generic concepts for jumping spiders in Australia are still
in ux and a comprehensive study with molecular tools to
Figure 14. Distribution map for the Jotus species described
in this paper.
stabilise genera is clearly indicated. Beyond this issue, it is
interesting that specimens of Jotus are often photographed
and posted online in social networks by naturalists but
museum collections hold few if any specimens. We make
a rst eort here by re-illustrating old species and revis-
ing the specimens available at the Queensland Museum
but we urge amateurs to lodge their specimens with mu-
seums so that the countless new species that are already
photographed and available online can be described.
This is also important because large series of specimens
are needed to match males and females in these sexually
dimorphic spiders. In the absence of mating experiments
this almost inevitably requires a molecular approach and
comprehensive collections. Our study is symptomatic in
that primarily males are described because females cannot
be recognised as conspecics. This is an obstacle and the
documentation of females will be crucial to open up this
fascinating group of spiders to other branches of science,
such as behavioural ecology and conservation science.
Acknowledgements
We thank the Centre of Natural History Hamburg (Ce-
Nak), the Gesellschaft der Freunde und Förderer des Zo-
ologischen Museums Hamburg, the Queensland Muse-
um Brisbane (QM), and Australia’s “Bushblitz” project
for institutional or nancial assistance. We also thank
Jo Harding (Manager Bushblitz), Kate Gillespie (Senior
Project Ocer Bushblitz), and the Bush Blitz team for
their support in the eld. Special thanks go to Mark A.
Newton, Michael Doe and Robert Whyte for providing
live images. Robert Raven and Wendy Hebron (QM)
assisted with nding critical specimens and Peter Lilly-
white (MV) facilitated the re-discovery of old type mate-
rial at the Museum Victoria. Robert Whyte and to anony-
mous referees are thanked for their helpful comments on
an earlier draft.
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