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A revised annotated checklist of louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia

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The list of all known locality and host records from the literature on louse flies from Slovakia are summarized, with the addition of new collection data. New locality data are provided for five species. Three species are added to the Slovakian list: Icosta minor (Bigot in Thomson, 1858), which was erroneously cited for Moravia instead of Slovakia in the previous checklist, and Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864) and Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901), which were overlooked from the last checklist. As a result, the louse fly fauna of Slovakia increases to 19 species: 12 autochtonous species and seven rare, non-native species only occasionally imported to Slovakia or migrating to the country with their hosts. This is by far the largest regional fauna of Hippoboscidae in Central Europe, and matches the richest southern European faunas. In total, 78 host-parasite associations concerning 46 bird-host species from eight orders and nine species of mammals, including humans, have been found from a literature review in Slovakia. Two host-parasite associations are reported from Slovakia for the first time: Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) on Prunella modularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Prunellidae) and Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965 on Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Hominidae).
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A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 129
A revised annotated checklist of louse flies
(Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia
Jozef Oboňa1, Oldřich Sychra2, Stanislav Greš3, Petr Heřman4, Peter Manko1,
Jindřich Roháček5, Anna Šestáková6, Jan Šlapák7, Martin Hromada1,8
1 Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Na-
tural Sciences, University of Presov, 17. novembra 1, SK – 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia 2 Department of Biology
and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical
Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, CZ – 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic 3 17. novembra 24, SK – 083 01
Sabinov, Slovakia 4 Křivoklát 190, CZ – 270 23, Czech Republic 5 Department of Entomology, Silesian
Museum, Tyršova 1, CZ-746 01 Opava, Czech Republic 6 e Western Slovakia Museum, Múzejné námestie
3, SK – 918 09 Trnava, Slovakia 7 Vojtaššákova 592, SK – 027 44 Tvrdošín, Slovakia 8 Faculty of Biological
Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65–516 Zielona Gora, Poland
Corresponding author: Jozef Oboňa (obonaj@centrum.sk)
Academic editor: Pierlippo Cerretti |Received 4 June 2018| Accepted 22 April 2019|Published 9 July 2019
http://zoobank.org/00FA6B5D-78EF-4618-93AC-716D1D9CC360
Citation: Oboňa J, Sychra O, Greš S, Heřman P, Manko P, Roháček J, Šestáková A, Šlapák J, Hromada M (2019) A
revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia. ZooKeys 862: 129–152. https://doi.
org/10.3897/zookeys.862.25992
Abstract
e list of all known locality and host records from the literature on louse ies from Slovakia are sum-
marized, with the addition of new collection data. New locality data are provided for ve species. ree
species are added to the Slovakian list: Icosta minor (Bigot in omson, 1858), which was erroneously
cited for Moravia instead of Slovakia in the previous checklist, and Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864)
and Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901), which were overlooked from the last checklist. As a result,
the louse y fauna of Slovakia increases to 19 species: 12 autochtonous species and seven rare, non-native
species only occasionally imported to Slovakia or migrating to the country with their hosts. is is by far
the largest regional fauna of Hippoboscidae in Central Europe, and matches the richest southern Euro-
pean faunas. In total, 78 host-parasite associations concerning 46 bird-host species from eight orders and
nine species of mammals, including humans, have been found from a literature review in Slovakia. Two
host-parasite associations are reported from Slovakia for the rst time: Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus,
1758) on Prunella modularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Prunellidae) and Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965 on
Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Hominidae).
ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.862.25992
http://zookeys.pensoft.net
Copyright Jozef Oboňa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
130
Keywords
Faunistics, literature review, louse ies, parasite-host associations
Introduction
Flies in the family Hippoboscidae, known as ‘louse ies’ or ‘keds’, belong among the
Diptera and are a group of obligate parasites of mammals and birds (Rahola et al.
2011). All species are macrolarviparous, with females retaining the larva in the uterus
until the end of the third instar; the three larval instars feed on secretions from the ma-
ternal accessory glands. e stage at which larviposition occurs represents a prepupal
larva (e.g., Mehlhorn 2016). e larva (or pupa) is deposited in birds’ nests or on the
hair of a mammalian host, but sometimes it is deposited on the ground by the female
(e.g., Halos et al. 2004). Adults of both sexes are blood sucking and are known to act as
vectors of many infectious agents, such as protozoa, bacteria, helminths, and possibly
also viruses (e.g., Baker 1967, Kečera 1983, Halos et al. 2004, Liu et al. 2016, Skvarla
and Machtinger 2019). Some species are host-specic, whereas others feed on a wide
array of hosts (e.g., Ibáñez-Bernal et al. 2015, Mehlhorn 2016, Veiga et al. 2018).
Worldwide, more than 213 louse y species are known (e.g., Maa 1963, Dick
2006, Rahola et al. 2011): 57 species from the Afrotropical region (e.g., Hutson and
Oldroyd 1980, Oboňa et al. 2016), 26 from East Palaearctic Asia and Japan (e.g., Maa
1967, Mogi and Sawada 2002, Matyukhin et al. 2017), 9 from China, 8 from the
eastern part of Russia (e.g., Soós and Hůrka 1986, Sun 1999), 6 from the Oriental and
Australasian regions (e.g., Paramonov 1954, Amiot and Ji 2015, Farrow 2016), and
31 species have been reported from the Nearctic and Neotropic regions (e.g., Bequaert
1942, 1954, 1965, Savage et al. 2019).
From Europe, 30 species of Hippoboscidae are known (Petersen 2004, Pape et al.
2015). e species composition of the hippoboscid fauna in Slovakia is relatively well
known; however, the investigation of Hippoboscidae in Slovakia is still far from com-
plete. Scattered older published data on louse ies by alhammer (1899) and Branc-
sik (1910) are mentioned by Povolný and Rosický (1955). Subsequently, Povolný and
Balát (1956), Dyk and Schanzel (1964), Čepelák (1974, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987,
1988, 1992, 1993, 1994a, 1994b), Čepelák and Čepelák (1991), Chalupský and
Macháček (1977), Chalupský (1980, 1986), Krištofík and Štefan (1980), Chalupský
and Povolný (1983), Hubálek et al. (1988), Krištofík (1998), Kočišová et al. (2007),
Roháček (1995, 2009), Straka (1981, 2001, 2005a, 2005b, 2010, 2011, 2016), Straka
and Majzlán (2008, 2010, 2014, 2016), and Kočišová (2015) published additional
information on the hippoboscid fauna of Slovakia. e most recent checklist of the
family Hippoboscidae from Slovakia (Sychra 2009) comprised 16 species.
Materials and methods
Samples of Hippoboscini, Lipoptenini, and Ornithomyini came from unidentied
material in the collections of the Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology,
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 131
Department of Ecology, University of Presov (LMEE PO); of the Department of En-
tomology, Silesian Museum, Opava (SMOC); and of the Department of Biology and
Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary
and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno (VFU).
e material was identied using Povolný and Rosický (1955), Chalupský and Po-
volný (1983), Hutson (1984), Ducháč and Bádr (1998). e systematics and nomen-
clature follow Hutson and Oldroyd (1980), Kutty et al. (2010), Petersen et al. (2007),
and Evenhuis et al. (2016).
Results
Tribe Hippoboscini
Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758
Published records: Ladomirov (Ladomér), Rožňava (Rozsnyó), Slovenské Nové Mesto
(S.A. Ujhely), Stropkov (Sztropkó – Olyka) (alhammer 1899); Trenčín (Trencsén)
(Brancsik 1910, Chalupský 1986); Kečovo, Remetské Hámre, Rožňava (Povolný and
Rosický 1955, Chalupský 1986); Bratislava, Kurinec, Staré Hory, Šaštín – Stráže, V
Leváre (Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Chalupský 1986); Kráľovský Chlmec, Plešivecká
planina (plain), Silica, Zádiel (Chalupský and Povolný 1983); Chľaba (Čepelák 1986);
Dolné Štitáre, Svorad, Žibrica (Čepelák and Čepelák 1991); Veľký Lysec (Čepelák 1992);
Hunták (Čepelák 1993); Krivín (Čepelák 1994b); Bratislava-Lamač, Devínska Nová
Ves, Horné Orešany, Jakubov, ostrov Kopač (island), Malacky, Štúrovo (Krištofík 1998);
“Veľká Fatra” (Straka 2005b); Bábsky les (forest) (Straka and Majzlán 2010); Obručná,
Radzovce (Straka 2016); Burdov, Leliansky les (forest) (Straka and Majzlán 2016).
Published host records: main host: Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 (see Povolný
and Rosický 1955, Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Krištofík
1998); occasional hosts: Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík and Štefan
1980), Bostaurus Linnaeus, 1758 (see Povolný and Rosický 1955, Chalupský and Po-
volný 1983), Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 (see Povolný and Rosický 1955), Capreo-
lus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Povolný and Rosický 1955, Chalupský and Povolný
1983), Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 (see Povolný and Rosický 1955, Krištofík and
Štefan 1980, Krištofík 1998).
Material examined: Báb, 48°18'21.6"N, 17°53'16.5"E, 150 m a.s.l., 11.6.2007,
1 female, malaise trap, O. Majzlán leg. (LMEE PO); Drienovec, 48°37'04.4"N,
20°55'29.9"E, 200 m a.s.l., 1.10.2015, 1 female, from human, S. Greš leg. (LMEE
PO); Kamenica nad Hronom nr. Štúrovo, 47°49'30"N, 18°43'03"E, 105 m a.s.l.,
17.5.1984, 1 female, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Muránska planina NP, Poludnica res.-
Suchý dol, 48°45'26"N, 20°02'32"E, 480 m a.s.l., 6.9.2011, 1 female (Fig. 1), sweep-
ing over pasture meadow, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Muránska planina NP, Muráň
castle env., 48°45'03"N, 20°02'54"E, 625 m a.s.l.; 4.5.2015, 1 male, sweeping un-
dergrowth of steppe forest, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Cerová vrchovina PLA, Gemer-
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
132
ský Jablonec – Vodokáš 1 km N, 48°13'00"N, 19°59'42"E, 280 m a.s.l., 6.9.2017, 1
male, sweeping over steppe meadow, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Cerová vrchovina PLA,
Tachty 2.2 km SW, Gortva valley, 48°08'41"N, 19°54'51"E, 320 m a.s.l., 13.9.2018,
1 female, netted from forest margin vegetation, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC).
Comments: H. equina is a Palaearctic and West Oriental species. It is relatively
large, once common, presently disappearing from Central Europe. An ectopara-
site of livestock (preferably horses and donkeys) and dogs, but also attacks humans
(Krištofík 1998). Previously published Slovak records are from the years 1953–1977,
with a single record from 2007 (Straka and Majzlán 2010). Its recent occurrence is
strongly aected by a decline of traditional horse and sheep farming in the moni-
tored area (e.g., Bezák and Petrovič 2006). Classied as endangered (EN) in Slovakia
(Jedlička and Stloukalová 2001).
Hippobosca longipennis Fabricius, 1805
Published records: Kečovo (Chalupský 1980, Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Chalup-
ský 1986); Bábsky les (Straka and Majzlán 2010).
Published host records: Canis familiaris (see Chalupský 1980, Chalupský and
Povolný 1983).
Figure 1. Female of Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 from Muránska planina NP (J Roháček).
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 133
Comments: A rare and non-native species in Central Europe, distributed in the
Mediterranean and Afrotropical regions. Up until now, only two individuals have been
recorded in Slovakia, in 1953 and 2007 (Chalupský 1980, Straka and Majzlán 2010).
It is an ectoparasite of dogs; occasionally it can occur also on other predatory mam-
mals or ungulates (Chalupský 1980). Occassionally, it can be imported via human
activities (e.g., through breeding of particular species of mammal).
Hippobosca variegata Megerle, 1803
Published records: Gabčíkovo (Povolný and Rosický 1955, as H. maculata, Chalup-
ský 1980, Chalupský 1986).
Published host records: Canis familiaris (see Povolný and Rosický 1955, Chalup-
ský 1980).
Comments: A rare and non-native species in Central Europe, distributed in the
Afrotropical region. e only record from Slovakia is from 1951. It is an ectoparasite of
cattle and domestic equines (Povolný and Rosický 1955). It can be occasionally import-
ed through human activities (e.g., through breeding of particular species of mammals).
Tribe Lipoptenini
Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Published records: Mníchova Lehota (Barátszabadi), Omšenie (Nagysziklás) (Branc-
sik 1910); Dlhá Ves, Timoradz (Povolný and Rosický 1955); Blatnická dolina (valley
in Vká Fatra) (Dyk and Schanzel 1964); Chľaba, Hlboké, Jovsa, Kamienka, Kúty,
Lozorno (Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Chalupský 1986); Gabčíkovo, Modrá, Nitra,
Plášťovce, Plešivec, Podunajské Biskupice, Silická planina (plain), Šaštín – Stráže,
Timoradza (Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Chalupský 1986); Burdov (Čepelák 1986);
Topoľčany, (Chalupský 1986); Hrášková Lúka (Čepelák 1987); Hrdovická (Čepelák
1988); Silická planina (plain) (Hubálek et al. 1988); Bartošov prameň (well), Dolné
Štitáre, Gáborka, Haranč, Hrnčiarovce, Hunták (Čepelák and Čepelák 1991); Veľký
Lysec (Čepelák 1992); Nebrová (Čepelák 1994a); Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Poduna-
jské Biskupice, Stará Lesná, Šaštín – Stráže, Vká Fatra – Gaderská dolina (valley)
(Krištofík 1998); Klín, Rozsutec (Straka 2001); Hrochoť – Beňova dolina (valley)
(Roháček 2009); Žalostiná (Straka 2010); Vršatské bradlá (cli), Záhorská Bystrica
(Straka 2011); “Nitrické vrchy” (Straka and Majzlán 2014).
Published host records: main hosts: Capreolus capreolus (see Dyk and Schanzel
1964, Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Krištofík 1998); Cer-
vus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 (see Dyk and Schanzel 1964, Krištofík and Štefan 1980,
Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Hubálek et al. 1988); occasional hosts: Capra hircus Lin-
naeus, 1758 (see Povolný and Rosický 1955); Homo sapiens (see Krištofík and Štefan
1980, Krištofík 1998); Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík 1998);
Turdusphilomelos C. L. Brehm, 1831 (see Chalupský and Povolný 1983).
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
134
Material examined: Diviacka Nová Ves, 48°44'58.9"N, 18°29'29.5"E, 280 m
a.s.l., 4.9.2012, 1 male, from a human, J. Oboňa leg. (LMEE PO); Drienovec,
48°37'04.4"N, 20°55'29.9"E, 200 m a.s.l., 1.10.2015, 2 males, 1 female, from hu-
man, S. Greš leg. (LMEE PO); Stará Lesná, 49°08'11.3"N, 20°17'47.5"E, 750 m a.s.l.,
8.9.2017, 1 male, from human, P. Manko leg. (LMEE PO); Tvrdošín (Skorušické
vrchy), 49°22'19.5"N, 19°31'57.4"E, 750 m a.s.l., 23.9.2017, 1 female, from hu-
man, J. Šlapák leg. (LMEE PO); Východná, 49°04'04.2"N, 19°53'57.0"E, 780 m
a.s.l., 15.9.2017, 1 male, from car, A. Šestáková leg. (LMEE PO); Nová Sedlica env.,
49°03'22.1"N, 22°31'03.1"E, 505 m a.s.l., 1.10.1997, 4 females, sweeping under-
growth of deciduous forest, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Muránska planina NP, Šiance
res., top plateau, 48°46'11"N, 20°04'14"E, 1000 m a.s.l., 7.9.2011, 1 male, the same,
4.9.2012, 1 male, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Muránska planina NP, Pohronská Polhora
5.9 km E, Kučalach Mt., 48°44'51"N, 19°52'27"E, 1060 m a.s.l., 10.10.2014, 2 fe-
males, sweeping undergrowth of beech-r forest, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Muránska
planina NP, Šarkanica res., 48°42'45"N, 19°59'19"E, 580 m a.s.l., 29.9.2017, 1 female,
sweeping undergrowth of deciduous forest in ravine, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC); Cero
vrchovina PLA, Gemerský Jablonec – Vodokáš 1 km N, 48°13'00"N, 19°59'42"E,
280m a.s.l., 27.9.2017, 1 male, the same, 1.11.2017, 3 females, sweeping under-
growth of oak-beach forest (Fig. 2), J. Roháček leg. (SMOC).
Comments: A relatively frequent species in Central Europe, widespread in the Pal-
aearctic region and introduced to the Nearctic region. It is an ectoparasite of Cervidae,
and also attacks human beings (Krištofík 1998).
Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965
Published records: Rozhanovce (Kočišová et al. 2007).
Published host records: Capreolus capreolus (Kočišová et al. 2007).
Material examined: Bogliarka, 49°16'37.1"N, 21°08'52.3"E, 450 m a.s.l.,
15.7.2017, 1 female, from human, P. Manko leg. (LMEE PO); Lažany, 49°02'20.2"N,
21°05'40.8"E, 380 m a.s.l., 7.2017, 17 males, 13 females, 21.6.2017, 1 female,
5.9.2017, 4 males, 2 females, all from human, P. Manko leg. (LMEE PO); Levočská
(dolina) valley, 49°04'08.3"N, 20°36'17.5"E, 780 m a.s.l., 12.8.2017, 1 female, from
a human, A. Šestáková leg. (LMEE PO); Magurka – Oravská Magura (Oravská prieh-
rada), 49°23'19.6"N, 19°31'34.3"E, 850 m a.s.l., 29.7.2017, 1 male, 1 female, 650 m
a.s.l., 17.7.2017, 1 male, all from human, J. Šlapák leg. (LMEE PO); Prešov env. (near
“pri Kríži”), 48°59'57.0"N, 21°13'03.7"E, 300 m a.s.l., 9.9.2017, 1 male, from a hu-
man, J. Oboňa leg. (LMEE PO); Stráne pod Tatrami, 49°09'26.7"N, 20°21'59.9"E,
750 m a.s.l., 8.9.2017, 1 male, from a human, J. Oboňa leg. (LMEE PO); Tvrdošín
(Skorušické vrchy), 49°22'19.5"N, 19°31'57.4"E, 700 – 750 m a.s.l., 7.2016, 1 fe-
male, 10.7.2017, 1 male, 22.7.2017, 1 male, 3 females, 26.7.2017, 1 male, 31.8.2017,
1 female, all from human, J. Šlapák leg. (LMEE PO); Cerová vrchovina PLA, Tachty
2.2 km SW, Gortva valley, 48°08'41"N, 19°54'51"E, 320 m a.s.l., 13.9.2018, 2 fe-
males, netted from forest margin vegetation, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC).
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 135
Figure 2. Female of Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus, 1758) from Cerová vrchovina PLA (J Roháček).
Comments: A relatively frequent species in Slovakia, distributed in the eastern
Palaearctic region. Previously often confused with Lipoptena cervi. L. fortisetosa has a
western boundary of distribution in Central Europe. It is an ectoparasite of Cervidae,
and also attacks human beings (Ducháč and Bádr 1998). Homo sapiens is here newly
recorded as a (common) host of L. fortisetosa in Slovakia.
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
136
Melophagus ovinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Published records: Štúrovo (Povolný and Rosický 1955); Silica (Povolný and Rosický
1955, Hubálek et al. 1988, Chalupský 1986); Hažín, Kôprová dolina (valley), Šahy
(Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Chalupský 1986); Poprad (Kočišová 2015).
Published host records: main host: Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 (see Povolný and
Rosický 1955, Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Hubálek et al. 1988); occasional hosts:
Canis familiaris and Homo sapiens (see Povolný and Rosický 1955), and Equus caballus
(Kočišová 2015).
Comments: It is an ectoparasite of Bovidae, especially sheep (including lambs)
(Chalupský and Povolný 1983). Melophagus ovinus is strongly aected by a de-
cline of traditional horse and sheep farming in the monitored area (e.g., Bezák and
Petrovič 2006).
Melophagus rupicaprinus Rondani, 1879
Published records: Námestovo (Chalupský 1980, Chalupský 1986); Tatranská Kot-
lina (Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Chalupský 1986).
Published host records: Ovis aries (see Chalupský 1980), Rupicapra rupicapra (see
Chalupský and Povolný 1983).
Comments: A relatively rare species in Central Europe. In Slovakia it is listed as
endangered (EN) (Jedlička and Stloukalová 2001). Until now, only two records from
1951 and 1980 have been published from Slovakia (Chalupský 1980, Chalupský and
Povolný 1983). It is an ectoparasite of mammals, collected mainly from R. rupicapra
and, secondarily, sheep (Chalupský and Povolný 1983). Rupicapra rupicapra has an
isolated population (R. rupicapra ssp. tatrica) in the Tatra Mountains in the north of
the country, where M. rupicaprinus are found. Because it is isolated at the edge of its
distribution range, this population of M. rupicaprinus is very vulnerable and like many
other marginal populations, it could disappear rapidly and suddenly.
Tribe Olfersiini
Crataerina pallida (Olivier in Latreille, 1811)
Published records: no localities (Povolný and Rosický 1955); Banská Bystrica
(Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Chalupský 1986); Vrútky (Straka 1981); Suchý (Čepelák
1985, Chalupský 1986); Bratislava (Krištofík 1998).
Published host records: Apus apus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Povolný and Rosický
1955, Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Straka 1981, Krištofík 1998).
Comments: A frequent louse y species in Central Europe, widespread in the Pal-
aearctic region. A common ectoparasite of the bird species Apus apus, Delichon urbicum
(Linnaeus, 1758) and (infrequently) of species from other birds, most frequently on
young individuals (Krištofík 1998).
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 137
Even if the hosts are still widespread, their population density has declined over the
past decades, and therefore the parasites will also suer (BirdLife International 2018).
Icosta ardeae (Macquart, 1835)
Published records: Boheľov (Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Chalupský 1986).
Published hosts: Ardea purpurea Linnaeus, 1766 (Krištofík and Štefan 1980),
Ixobrychus minutus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Krištofík and Štefan 1980).
Comments: A relatively rare species in Central Europe, widespread in the tropics
and subtropics of the Old World. In Slovakia it is listed as vulnerable (VU) (Jedlička
and Stloukalová 2001). Until now, only two records from 1977 have been published
from Slovakia. Icosta aredeae is an ectoparasite of birds belonging to several dierent
families; it is common on Ardeidae, and rarely found on species from other families
(Krištofík and Štefan 1980). e host Ardea purpurea is mainly found in the SW part
of the country, and although Ixobrychus minutus has a wider distribution, it is also
more common in SW Slovakia. e rarity of this parasite in Slovakia is mainly due to
its occurrence on the edge of its range (and hosts’ ranges) in the country.
Icosta minor (Bigot in omson, 1858)
Published records: Patince (Chalupský and Macháček 1977, Chalupský 1986).
Published host records: Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Chalupský and
Macháček 1977).
Comments: A relatively small, rare and non-native species in Central Europe, dis-
tributed in the Afrotropical region and the Mediterranean Basin. In Slovakia it was er-
roneously listed as vulnerable (VU) (Jedlička and Stloukalová 2001), even though it is
not a native species in the country. An ectoparasite on various species of Passeriformes,
less frequently found on species from other bird orders (Chalupský and Macháček
1977). e only known record from Slovakia is from 1974 (Chalupský and Macháček
1977, Chalupský 1980). It was mistakenly cited as occurring in the Czech Republic by
Chalupský and Povolný (1987, 1997) and Sychra (2006, 2009).
Olfersia fumipennis (Sahlberg, 1886)
Published records: “Slovakia” (Povolný and Balát 1956, as Lynchia palustris, Chalup-
ský 1986).
Published host records: “eagle” (Povolný and Balát 1956).
Comments: A rare and non-native species in Central Europe, distributed mainly in
the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. It is an ectoparasite of birds, mainly birds of prey
(Chalupský 1980). e only known record from Slovakia is from 1904. at individual
was originally misidentied as Ornithophila metallica by A. Wimmer (see Povolný and
Balát 1956). Also, Povolný and Balát (1956) mentioned this specimen mistakenly
under the name Lynchia palustris, which is in fact a synonym of Icostaalbipennis from
America (Chalupský 1980).
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
138
Ornithoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811)
Published records: Košice, Podunajské Biskupice (Povolný and Rosický 1955, Cha-
lupský 1986); Podunajské Biskupice (Chalupský 1980, Chalupský and Povolný 1983).
Published host records: Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus, 1758 (see Povolný and
Rosický 1955); Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 and Sitta europaea Linnaeus, 1758 (see
Povolný and Rosický 1955, Chalupský and Povolný 1983).
Comments: A relatively small species distributed in the Afrotropical region and
southern Palaearctic, with a recent increase in records from Central Europe (Droz and
Haenni 2011). In Slovakia, where it reaches the northernmost limit of its known dis-
tribution, it has been recorded only from a few individuals collected in 1953 (Povolný
and Rosický 1955, Chalupský and Povolný 1983), and it was listed as vulnerable (VU)
by Jedlička and Stloukalová (2001). It is an ectoparasite of birds, mainly small Passeri-
formes. It is less frequently found on species from other bird orders (Krištofík 1998).
Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864)
Published records: Jakubov (Krištofík 1998).
Published host records: Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík 1998).
Comments: A rare and non-native species in Central Europe, distributed in south-
ern parts of the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian regions. e only
known record from Slovakia is from 1993 (Krištofík 1998). It was, however, overlooked
and not listed in the most recent checklist (Sychra 2009). It is an ectoparasite of birds,
mainly small Passeriformes but also species from other bird orders (Krištofík 1998).
Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart in Webb & Berthelot, 1839)
Published records: Devín (Povolný and Balát 1956, Chalupský 1986)
Published host records: Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Povolný and Balát
1956, Chalupský 1980).
Comments: A relatively rare and non-native species in Central Europe, wide-
spread (subcosmopolitan) in the tropical and subtropical belts. In Slovakia it has been
listed as vulnerable (VU) (Jedlička and Stloukalová 2001), despite not being a native
species. An ectoparasite on species of many bird families but preferentially associated
with Columbidae, including the domestic pigeon (Chalupský 1980). e only known
record from Slovakia is from 1949 (Povolný and Balát 1956).
Stenepteryx hirundinis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Published records: Vyhne (Vihnye) (alhammer 1899); Trenčín (Trencsén) (Branc-
sik 1910, Chalupský 1986); Devínska Nová Ves (Povolný and Rosický 1955, Chalup-
ský 1986); Bratislava (Krištofík 1998).
Published host records: Delichon urbicum (see Povolný and Rosický 1955;
Krištofík 1998); Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758 (see alhammer 1899).
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 139
Comments: A frequent Central European species, widespread in the Palaearctic
region. A common ectoparasite of the bird species Delichon urbicum, Hirundo rustica,
Ptyonoprognerupestris (Scopoli, 1769), Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758), and (more
rarely) of species from other bird species, most frequently found in nests (Krištofík
1998). Stenepteryx hirundinis might suer from the decline of its hosts (BirdLife
International 2018).
Tribe Ornithomyini
Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Fig. 3
Published records: Snina (Szinna) (alhammer 1899); Súľov (Čepelák 1974), Brati-
slava, Čalovec, Číčov, Jarok, Lozorno, Plešivec, Sása (Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Cha-
lupský 1986); Kečovo, Šurany, Vtáčnik (Povolný and Rosický 1955, Chalupský and
Povolný 1983, Chalupský 1986); Dražovce, Nitra (Čepelák and Čepelák 1991); Rača
(Čepelák 1982, Chalupský 1986); Ivánka pri Dunaji, Nitra, Rača, Sládkovičovo (Cha-
lupský 1986); Uličské Krivé (Roháček 1995); Bratislava, Brzotín, Gbelce, Kiarov, Kňažia,
Kostolište, Košice – Šaca, Košická Nová Ves, Limbach, Mojš, Oravský Podzámok, Pav-
lovce nad Váhom, Pezinok, Plavecký Mikuláš, Podunajské Biskupice, Svätý Jur, Šiatorská
Bukovinka, Závod (Krištofík 1998); Bábsky les (Straka and Majzlán 2010).
Published host records: Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Acrocephalus
arundinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758), A. melanopogon (Temminck, 1823), A. scirpaceus
(Hermann, 1804), Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík 1998); Anthus trivialis
(Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík and Štefan 1980; Krištofík 1998); Aquila pomarina C.
L. Brehm, 1831 (see Krištofík 1998); Carduelis chloris (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Chalupský
and Povolný 1983); Circus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758), Coccothraustes coccothraustes
(Linnaeus, 1758), Emberiza cia Linnaeus, 1766, Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
(see Krištofík 1998); Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 (Krištofík and Štefan 1980);
Ficedula albicollis (Temminck, 1815), Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 (see Krištofík
1998); Homo sapiens (Krištofík and Štefan 1980); Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758,
L. excubitor Linnaeus, 1758, Locustella luscinioides (Savi, 1824), Monticola saxatilis
(Linnaeus, 1766), Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus, 1758), Panurus biarmicus (Linnaeus,
1758) (see Krištofík 1998); Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík and
Štefan 1980); Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík 1998); Pernis apivorus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (see alhammer 1899); Phoenicurus ochruros (S. G. Gmelin, 1774),
Pica pica (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík 1998); Picus canus J. F. Gmelin, 1788 (see
Chalupský and Povolný 1983); Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík 1998);
Strix aluco Linnaeus, 1758 (see Chalupský and Povolný 1983); Turdus merula Linnaeus,
1758 (see Čepelák and Čepelák 1991; Krištofík 1998); Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758
(see Krištofík 1998).
Material examined: Diviacka Nová Ves, 48°44'58.9"N, 18°29'29.5"E,
280 m a.s.l., 15.8.2012, 1 female, on a family house, J. Oboňa leg. (LMEE PO);
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
140
Drienovec, 48°37'04.4"N, 20°55'29.9"E, 200 m a.s.l., 15.9.2015; 1 female, from
Prunellamodularis (Linnaeus, 1758), S. Greš leg. (LMEE PO).
Comments: A frequent louse y species in Central Europe, widespread in the
Palaearctic region. A common ectoparasite of birds from the order Passeriformes and
other orders, most frequently nd in more individuals per host (Krištofík 1998).
Prunellamodularis is here recorded as a new host of O. avicularia in Slovakia.
Ornithomya biloba Dufour, 1827
Published records: Omšenie (Nagysziklás) (Brancsik 1910, as Ornithomyia tenella);
Čaradská pustatina (Krištofík and Štefan 1980, Chalupský 1986); Humenné (Cha-
lupský and Povolný 1983, Chalupský 1986); Bašovce, Bernolákovo, Bodíky, Kľúčovec,
Podunajské Biskupice (Krištofík 1998).
Published host records: Hirundo rustica (see Krištofík 1998, Krištofík and Štefan
1980); Riparia riparia (see Chalupský and Povolný 1983).
Material examined: Gbelce, 47°51'29.4"N, 18°30'17.9"E, 120 m a.s.l.,
21.4.2009, 1 male, 27.4.2009, 1 male, 28.4.2009, 1 male, 2.5.2009, 2 males, all from
Hirundorustica, O. Sychra leg. (VFU).
Figure 3. Female of Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) (M Deml).
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 141
Comments: A Palaearctic species, common in Central Europe; its distribution
range is incompletely known. It is an ectoparasite mainly of Delichon urbicum,
Hirundo rustica, Riparia riparia and, less often, of species from other bird orders
(Krištofík 1998).
Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901)
Published records: Kalinovo, Košice (Povolný and Rosický 1955, Chalupský 1986).
Published host records: Regulus regulus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Povolný and
Rosický 1955); without host record (Chalupský 1986).
Comments: A Palaearctic species distributed in the northern and middle belts of
the region. It is an ectoparasite mainly of Passeriformes, but also of species of other
bird orders (Povolný and Rosický 1955). e only known record from Slovakia is from
1953, and it was “hidden” in the gure legend in Povolný and Rosický (1955). It was
incorrectly doubted by Chalupský (1980) and was not listed in the last (Sychra 2009)
or all previous checklists (Chalupský and Povolný 1987, 1997, Sychra 2006).
Ornithomya fringillina Curtis, 1836
Published records: Boheľov, Kamienka, Pilsko, Rovinka (Krištofík and Štefan 1980,
Chalupský 1986); Kalinovo (Chalupský and Povolný 1983, Chalupský 1986); Brod-
ské, Číčov, Gbelce, Jakobov, Oravský Podzámok, Svätý Jur (Krištofík 1998); Krasín
(Straka 2005a); Lutovský Drieňovec (Straka and Majzlán 2008); “Nitrické vrchy”
(Straka and Majzlán 2014).
Published host records: Acrocephalus arundinaceus, A. schoenobaenus (Linnaeus,
1758) (see Krištofík 1998); Ardea purpurea (see Krištofík and Štefan 1980);
Parus caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758 (see Krištofík and Štefan 1980; Krištofík 1998);
Parus major Linnaeus, 1758, Riparia riparia (see Krištofík and Štefan 1980); Sitta
europaea, Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík 1998); Troglodytes troglodytes
(Linnaeus, 1758) (see Krištofík and Štefan 1980).
Comments: A Palaearctic species distributed in the northern and middle belts of
the region. It is an ectoparasite mainly of Passeriformes, but also parasitizes species of
other bird orders (Krištofík 1998).
Discussion
We have critically evaluated all available data on the occurrence of the family
Hippoboscidae in Slovakia, and published data are completed with new collection data
and unpublished localities. We conrmed 19 species as recorded from the country,
which has one of the richest hippoboscid faunas in Europe. Out of 19 total species,
12 are native. While seven species (Crataerina pallida, Lipoptenacervi, L. fortisetosa,
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
142
Ornithomya avicularia, O. biloba, O. fringillina, and Stenepteryx hirundinis)
are widespread, three species (Icosta ardeae, Melophagus rupicaprinus, and
Ornithomyachloropus) are known only from a few records, and the occurrence of the
last two species (Hippobosca equina and Melophagus ovinus) is strongly aected by a
decline of traditional horse and sheep farming in the monitored area (e.g., Bezák and
Petrovič 2006). Species S. hirundinis and C. pallida might suer from the decline of
its hosts (BirdLife International 2018). Another seven species (Hippobosca longipennis,
H.variegata, Icosta minor, Olfersia fumipennis, Ornithoica turdi, Ornithophilametallica,
and Pseudolynchia canariensis) have been recorded from Slovakia based on very
few records, due to occasional introduction with their hosts. ese species can be
introduced naturally due to migrating hosts (e.g., Icosta minor, Olfersia fumipennis,
Ornithophila metallica, and Pseudolynchia canariensis) or imported together with
domestic animals (e.g., Hippobosca longipennis, H. variegata).
Previous records of three species were omitted from the most recent checklist
(Sychra 2009):
1) a single record of Icosta minor from Slovakia (Chalupský 1980; Chalupský and
Macháček 1977) had been erroneously cited as being from Moravia (Czech Repub-
lic) in previous checklists (Chalupský and Povolný 1987, 1997; Sychra 2006, 2009);
2) Ornithophila metallica was reported from Slovakia by Krištofík (1998), and
3) Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901) was reported from Slovakia by Povolný and
Rosický (1955) in a note “hidden” in the illustration legend, but these records were
omitted from all versions of the regional checklist (Chalupský and Povolný 1987,
1997; Sychra 2006, 2009), possibly due to Chalupský (1980), who doubted its
occurrence in Slovakia.
Altogether, 78 host-parasite associations have so far been recorded for Slovakian
Hippoboscidae (Table 2). e hosts of the 19 species of louse ies recorded in Slovakia
belong to 46 species of birds from eight orders (Accipitriformes, Anseriformes, Apo-
diformes, Ciconiiformes, Falconiformes, Passeriformes, Piciformes, Strigiformes) and
nine species of mammals, including humans. e host records of Prunella modularis
for O. avicularia and Homo sapiens for L. fortisetosa are here recorded from Slovakia for
the rst time.
e species composition of the hippoboscid fauna of Slovakia is relatively well
known, and is, in comparison with other European countries, unexpectedly diverse. In
Table 1, a list of European hippoboscid faunas is given, based on Petersen (2004) and
Pape et al. (2015) and supplemented with data from relatively recent regional check-
lists (Büttiker 1998, Chandler 1998, Müller 1999, Beuk 2001, Draber-Monko 1991,
Pape et al. 1995, Papp 2001, Carles-Tolrá and Báez 2002, Sychra 2009, Pohjoismäki
and Kahanpää 2014, present paper).
e comparison of species richness of Hippoboscidae across Europes best studied
countries for Diptera surprisingly showed that in Slovakia, the fauna of this group is
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 143
not only distinctly more diverse than in all surrounding Central European countries,
but even comparable with the faunas of much larger and more southern countries, such
as Spain or Italy (including their insular areas), which also comprise 19 species (Table
1). However, raising any hypotheses about a possible latitudinal pattern in hippoboscid
species richness would require much more thorough data on the continental scale.
We have noted that a number of country occurrences are missing in Fauna Euro-
paea (Petersen 2004, Pape et al. 2015) when compared with the above checklists, most
markedly for Spain and its adjacent islands (seven species missing) and Great Britain
(six species missing). In contrast, some species listed in Fauna Europaea are missing in
national checklists: e.g., I. minor is present in Fauna Europaea for Italy (Petersen 2004,
Pape et al. 2015) but is absent in the national checklist (Pape et al. 1995); similarly,
O.chloropus is present in Fauna Europaea for Hungary but is missing in the checklist of
this country (Papp 2001). e national checklist of Spain (Carles-Tolrá and Báez 2002)
also includes the species Crataerina nigriventris Gil Collado, 1932, which was wrongly
referred to as C. nigriventris (Strobl, 1906) although it was originally described by Gil
Collado (1932). However, according to Schneider-Orelli (1937), it is only an aberrant
form of C. melbae (Rondani, 1879) and, therefore, it is omitted from the list in Table 1.
Judging from the occurrences of Hippoboscidae in other European countries, the
list of Slovak species of the family is obviously not yet complete, despite its richness.
At least the following two species can be expected in Slovakia: Crataerina melbae and
Pseudolynchia garzettae (Rondani, 1879), both of which parasitize bird species living
in Slovakia and are known from Italy and Switzerland, and Great Britain and Italy,
respectively (see Table 1). In addition, the introduction of additional, more exotic
hippoboscid species, like Olfersia spinifera (Leach, 1817) (known from G. Britain) or
Ornithomya rupes Hutson, 1981 (recorded from Switzerland) to Slovakia cannot be
excluded. In conclusion, more than 20 species of louse ies can be expected to occur in
Slovakia, including both native residents and sporadic introductions.
Several species of the family Hippoboscidae can interfere with human life and
interests, as ectoparasites of some domestic animals, occasionally parasitizing also
humans. ese are mainly Lipoptena cervi, L. fortisetosa, and relatively rare species
Hippobosca equina and Melophagus ovinus. Damage is caused by direct bloodsucking
and the venomous saliva of the louse ies, which can lead to permanent loss of blood
and to animal wasting (especially ovine wasting), reduced milk and wool production,
damage to wool caused by the parasite’s faeces, etc. (Hutyra and Marek 1952). A
secondary consequence of ectoparasitism by keds is the constant discomfort and
scratching by the parasitised host (Hase 1927). Louse ies are also known as possible
vectors of various diseases (Baker 1967, Kečera 1983, Oyieke and Reid 2003, Halos et
al. 2004, Reeves et al. 2006, Martinković et al. 2012). A few of the above-mentioned
species, especially L.cervi and L. fortisetosa, may bite humans in forest environments.
In Slovakia, species of the family Hippoboscidae have not received sucient atten-
tion, even though they are among the most abundant ectoparasites in some localities.
erefore, it is important to pay attention to this group and maintain an accurate
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
144
Table 1. Hippoboscid faunas of selected European countries (see Petersen 2004, Pape et al. 2015), sup-
plemented with data from relative recent checklists.*
Spain inc. islands
Italy inc. islands
Switzerland
Great Britain
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Poland
e Netherlands
Hippoboscini Hippobosca
equina +++++++++++
longipennis + + + + +
variegata +
Lipoptenini
Lipoptena
arianae
capreoli
cervi +++++++++++
couturieri +
fortisetosa +++++
Melophagus ovinus +++++++++++
rupicaprinus + + + +
Olfersiini
Crataerina
acutipennis +
melbae +++
obtusipennis
pallida +++++++++++
Icosta
ardeae +++++ + +
massonati
minor + + + +
Olfersia fumipennis + + + +
spinifera +
Ornithoica turdi + + + + + +
Ornithophila gestroi + +
metallica ++++++++ ++
Pseudolynchia canariensis + + + +
garzettae + +
Stenepteryx hirundinis +++++++++++
Ornithomyiini Ornithomya
avicularia +++++++++++
biloba +++++ ++++
chloropus +++++++++++
fringillina +++++++++++
rupes + +
number of species 19 19 15 15 15 19 10 12 12 11 12
* Spain incl. islands (Carles-Tolrá and Báez 2002), Italy incl. islands (Pape et al. 1995), Switzerland (Büttiker 1998),
Great Britain (Chandler 1998), Czech Republic and Slovakia (Sychra 2009, present paper), Finland (Pohjoismäki and
Kahanpää 2014), Germany (Müller 1999), Hungary (Papp 2001), Poland (Draber-Monko 1991) and e Netherlands
(Beuk 2001).
overview of the species living in our territory, including monitoring of the occurrence
of non-native species migrating with their hosts or imported with domestic animals.
From a wider perspective, veried and accurate information on the diversity and dis-
tribution of louse ies in Slovakia can contribute to knowledge of this parasitic group
from a global point of view.
A revised annotated checklist of louse ies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia 145
Table 2. Systematic overview of host-parasite associations recorded for Slovakian Hippoboscidae.
Parasite sp. Hosts Order Family Species
Hippobosca equina Aves Accipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter gentilis
Mammalia
Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris
Cetartiodactyla Bovidae Bos taurus
Cetartiodactyla Cervidae Capreolus capreolu
Perissodactyla Equidae Equus caballus
Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens
Hippobosca longipennis Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris
Hippobosca variegata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris
Lipoptena cervi
Aves Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus philomelos
Mammalia
Cetartiodactyla Bovidae Capra hircus, Rupicapra rupicapra
Cetartiodactyla Cervidae Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus
Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens
Lipoptena fortisetosa Mammalia Cetartiodactyla Cervidae Capreolus capreolus
Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens
Melophagus ovinus Mammalia
Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris
Cetartiodactyla Bovidae Ovis aries
Perissodactyla Equidae Equus caballus
Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens
Melophagus rupicaprinus Mammalia Cetartiodactyla Bovidae Ovis aries, Rupicapra rupicapra
Crataerina pallida Aves Apodiformes Apodidae Apus apus
Icosta ardeae Aves Passeriformes Hirundinidae Ardea purpurea
Aves Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus minutus
Icosta minor Aves Passeriformes Passeridae Passer montanus
Ornithoica turdi
Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza citrinella
Aves Fringillidae Fringilla coelebs
Aves Sittidae Sitta europaea
Ornithophila metallica Aves Passeriformes Muscicapidae Saxicola rubetra
Pseudolynchia canariensis Av es Accipitriformes Pandionidae Pandion halieaetus
Stenepteryx hirundinis Aves Passeriformes Hirundinidae Delichon urbica, Hirundo rustica
Ornithomya avicularia Aves
Accipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter gentilis, Aquila pomarina, Circus pygargus, Pernis apivorus
Anseriformes Anatidae Anser anser
Falconiformes Falconidae Falco tinnunculus
Passeriformes
Prunellidae Prunella modularis
Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus arundinaceus, A. melanopogon, A. scirpaceus
Corvidae Pica pica
Emberizidae Emberiza cia
Fringillidae Carduelis chloris, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Fringilla coelebs
Laniidae Lanius collurio, L. excubitor
Locustellidae Locustella luscinioides
Motacillidae Anthus trivialis
Muscicapidae Erithacus rubecula, Ficedula albicollis, Phoenicurus ochruros,
Saxicola rubetra
Oriolidae Oriolus oriolus
Paradoxornithidae Panurus biarmicus
Passeridae Passer domesticus, P. montanus
Turdidae Monticola saxatilis, Turdus merula, T. pilaris
Strigiformes Strigidae Strix aluco
Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens
Ornithomya biloba Aves Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo rustica, Riparia riparia
Ornithomya chloropus Aves Passeriformes Sylviidae Regulus regulus
Ornithomya fringillina Aves Passeriformes
Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus arundinaceus, A. schoenobaenus
Paridae Parus caeruleus
Hirundinidae Riparia riparia
Sittidae Sitta europaea
Sylviidae Sylvia atricapilla
Troglodytidae Troglodytes troglodytes
Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Ardea purpurea
Jozef Oboňa et al. / ZooKeys 862: 129–152 (2019)
146
Acknowledgements
We would especially like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for providing
constructive comments that helped improve the manuscript, and M Deml (Morávka,
Czech Republic) for permission to use his macrophotograph of Ornithomyia avaicularia.
is study was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under
contract No. APVV-16-0411, VEGA 1/0977/16 and by the Research Agency of the
Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, project
ITMS: 26110230119. J Roháček’s study was nancially supported by the Ministry
of Culture of the Czech Republic by Institutional nancing of long-term conceptual
development of the research institution (the Silesian Museum, MK000100595).
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eodor O (1965) Lipoptena parvula n. sp., eine neue Art aus der Tschechoslowakei (Diptera,
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https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182018001233
... Comments: This is a small and annoying blood-sucking dipteran, originally from East Asia, which has spread to Western Europe. It was recorded in Slovakia around 2007 (Oboňa et al. 2019). It also often sits on people, especially mushroom pickers, in the autumn (Oboňa et al. 2019), but so far no human bites have been recorded in Slovakia. ...
... It was recorded in Slovakia around 2007 (Oboňa et al. 2019). It also often sits on people, especially mushroom pickers, in the autumn (Oboňa et al. 2019), but so far no human bites have been recorded in Slovakia. The bite is known only from the native species L. cervi (Linnaeus, 1758) . ...
... Caterpillars mine Robinia leaves, and in cases of overpopulation, this can cause the premature falling of the leaves at the end of summer (Kalivoda 2014). Until recently, only 6 invasive species were known from the city of Prešov (Rell et al. 2017;Oboňa et al. 2016Oboňa et al. , 2017Oboňa et al. , 2019Baranová et al. 2018;Čabanová et al. 2021). Thanks to the results presented here, this number has increased from the original 6 to 13 species. ...
Article
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The topic of invasion is a constantly relevant and popular issue these days. This work therefore provides an overview of the invasive insect species that occur in the city of Prešov, Slovakia. We summarize the literature data, with six invasive species already known from Prešov, and we also bring seven newly recorded invasive insects. We recorded the invasive pests of woody plants (Cameraria ohridella (Deschka & Dimic, 1986), Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832), Parectopa robiniella (Clemens, 1863)), of fruit pests (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773)), as well as epidemiologically significant invasive species (Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901), Clogmia albipunctata (Williston, 1893), Lipoptena fortisetosa (Maa, 1965)). This number of species is certainly not complete, and even more attention needs to be paid to this topic in the future.
... Hippoboscidae, commonly known as louse flies or keds, constitutes a family of parasitic flies that primarily infest birds and mammals (Hutson, 1984;Reeves and Lloyd, 2019). Around 213 hippoboscid species are known worldwide, from which 32 species have been described in Europe (Keve et al., 2024;Oboňa et al., 2022Oboňa et al., , 2019. Hippoboscidae flies are divided into the subfamilies Lipopteninae, Ornithomyinae, and Hippoboscinae (Reeves and Lloyd, 2019). ...
... Studies on Hippoboscidae in Spain are scarce and mostly focused on ornithophilic species from bird ringing programs (Gangoso et al., 2019;González et al., 2023), with a considerable gap on mammophilic species. Around 19 hippoboscid species have been recorded from the Iberian Peninsula and Islands (Oboňa et al., 2019). There are 14 species that primarily feed on birds and five species that mostly feed on mammals. ...
... Given the results, L. andaluciensis sp. nov. is together with L. arianae, the smallest species of the genus Lipoptena in Europe (Oboňa et al., 2019). The second key feature is chaetotaxy, a character known as one of the most common and useful diagnosis tools to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny between taxa. ...
... Louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are blood-sucking parasites of birds and mammals, with 213 known species worldwide [3]. The family Hippoboscidae contains three subfamilies: Hippoboscinae, Lipopteninae and Ornithomyinae. ...
... They can carry a multitude of different pathogens with high veterinary-medical significance, as exemplified by the West-Nile virus [7] and Babesia species [8], although their vector role is not yet clear. Research on hippoboscids is flourishing nowadays, i.e. with investigations focusing on their ecology, evolution, and potential role in the transmission of pathogens [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. ...
... Although studies on louse flies originating from Central [3] Northern [14], Southern [10], Western [15] and Eastern Europe [16] have also been conducted, only a few of these report long-term evaluations with continuous sample collection. The number of studies conducted on avian ectoparasites steadily increased in Hungary and in other Central European countries during the previous decade [2,3,12,17,18], but studies on ornithophilic hippoboscids appear to have been neglected compared to other arthropod vectors that are generally considered epidemiologically more important (i.e. ...
Article
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Background Louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are important blood-sucking parasites of birds and mammals with a worldwide distribution. The aim of our study was to collect louse flies from birds across multiple sites in Hungary and evaluate the effects of avian traits on louse fly–host relationships. Methods Between 2015 and 2022, 237 louse flies were collected from birds at multiple locations in Hungary. The louse flies were identified to species level by morphological and molecular methods. Louse fly species and their seasonal dynamics were analyzed. Results Six louse fly species were identified: Ornithomya avicularia, Ornithomya fringillina, Ornithomya biloba, Ornithomya chloropus, Ornithoica turdi and Ornithoctona laticornis. Results of statistical analyses indicated that habitat, migration habits and the feeding places of birds have significant effects on their possible role as hosts of O. avicularia, O. fringillina and O. turdi. Analysis of the temporal distribution of avian louse flies showed different seasonal patterns according to species. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted that O. turdi clustered separately from other members of the subfamily Ornithomyinae which thus did not form a monophyletic group. Conclusions This study presents one of the longest continuous collections of ornithophilic louse fly species in Europe so far. Avian traits were shown to influence louse-fly infestation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on O. laticornis in Europe. The ability of this African louse fly species to survive in Europe, as demonstrated in the present study, may be an indication of its future establishment. Our findings, in accordance with previous reports, also indicated that the subfamily Ornithomyinae should be taxonomically revised. Graphical Abstract
... The collection of hippoboscids from bird hosts can be challenging due to their mobility and ability to escape, making bird ringing stations and bird nests ideal places for their research (Sychra et al., 2008;Oboňa et al., 2019a;Gaponov & Tewelde, 2020). Despite the difficulties in collecting hippoboscids, several studies have reported the presence of these arthropods in various bird and mammal species in Europe, with 21 species known to occur in Slovakia alone (Petersen, 2004;Le Guillou & Chapelin-Viscardi, 2022;Oboňa et al., 2019bOboňa et al., , 2022. ...
... Both species are unspecific, polyxenous avian parasites, which is consistent with the claims of other authors (Nartshuk et al., 2019; Bartos et al., 2020;Gaponov & Tewelde, 2020). O. turdi is also polyxenous avian parasite (Gaponov & Tewelde, 2020) but its known range is mainly restricted to the northern regions of Slovakia (Oboňa et al., 2019b) resulting in a comparatively lower number of recorded hosts. L. fortisetosa, L. cervi and H. equina were identified as oligoxenous species, but they mainly parasitised mammals. ...
... Uzovský Šalgov: 1 ind., host A. arundinaceus, 7.7.2022. (1986, 1987, 1988, 1992, 1994b), Chalupský (1986), Hubálek et al. (1988, Čepelák & Čepelák (1991), Krištofík (1998), Straka (2001, 2010, 2011), Roháček (2009), Straka & Majzlán (2014, Oboňa et al. (2019bOboňa et al. ( , 2022. ...
Article
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The hippoboscids play important roles in ecosystem functioning and can serve as indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem health. These bloodsucking ectoparasites are important from a public health perspective, as they can serve as vectors of various endoparasitic pathogens in animals and humans, although our understanding is still limited in this case. The current study provides information on the host species and distribution, which can contribute to the understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of these important arthropods with a potential impact on both animal and human health. We present an ecological parasite-host interaction network of louse flies and deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) collected from various sites in Slovakia from this time. A total of 123 new samples of eight hippoboscid fly species were captured on 17 species, including 15 birds and two mammals. New host-parasite interactions were recorded for the first time. Ornithomya biloba (Dufour, 1827) with the Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lipoptena fortisetosa (Maa, 1965) with the Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot, 1817) are new although it is unlikely that these birds are the host for these ectoparasites. Ornithoica turdi (Latreille, 1811) with the Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758, Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) with the Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758 and Curruca communis (Latham, 1787), and Ornithomya fringillina (Curtis, 1836) with the C. communis and Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) represent new parasite-host relations for Slovakia. O. avicularia was observed to attack humans, and L. fortisetosa was found on different bird hosts, creating a possible bridge for the transfer of avian and mammalian pathogens.
... The family Hippoboscidae Samouelle, 1819, or louse flies, includes approximately 213 species worldwide (Dick 2018;Oboňa et al. 2019). Hippoboscids feed on blood of their hosts -mammals and birds (Hutson 1984). ...
... The list of species corresponds to the results of Bear and Freidberg (1995), Dick (2018), Nartshuk et al. (2022, Yatsuk et al. (2023) and Matyukhin et al. (2023). To compile the key, we analyzed the main works that provide references and descriptions of the species: Bequaert (1954), Bear and Freidberg (1995), Maa (1963Maa ( , 1964Maa ( , 1967Maa ( , 1969aMaa ( , b, 1975Maa ( , 1986, Hutson (1971Hutson ( , 1981Hutson ( , 1984, Doszhanov (1980Doszhanov ( , 2003, Amiot (2015), Oboňa et al. (2019Oboňa et al. ( , 2022, Nartshuk et al. (2022), Yatsuk et al. (2023) and Matyukhin et al. (2023). We analyzed specimens of O. avicularia Linnaeus, 1758, O. biloba Dufour, 1827, O. chloropus Bergroth, 1901, O. comosa Austen, 1930, O. fringillina Curtis, 1836, O. krivolutskii Yatsuk, Matyukhin et Nartshuk, 2023, O. strigilis Nartshuk, Yatsuk et Matyukhin, 2022, O. triselevae Matyukhin, Yatsuk et Nartshuk, 2023 species from the collection of the Zoological Institute RAS and the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution collections. ...
Article
The family Hippoboscidae Samouelle, 1819 includes approximately 213 species. The genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is one of the largest louse fly genera and now includes 31 species. These flies are parasites of different small birds from the order Passeriformes. Many of them specifically prefer swallows as hosts. Swallows have a wide beak, short legs, dense plumage and poor preening abilities. They feed in flight and therefore do not associate insects in their nests with food. A new species of the genus Ornithomya, O. delichoni sp. nov., is described. A female of O. delichoni sp. nov. was collected in the Spassk district of Primorskiy Territory (Far East, Russia) from western house martin. The new species differs from other Ornithomya species from this region in its combined length of the head and thorax, eye width, number of large setae on the scutellum, and arrangement of microtrichia on the wings. The new species is named after the bird from which the fly was collected. An updated key for 32 species of the genus Ornithomya, including the new one, is provided. These key is based on the following morphological features: head and thorax length combined, wing length, number of scutellum and mesonotum setae, ratio of sections of costal vein between junctions of R1 and R2+3 and between junctions of R2+3 and R4+5 and arrangement of wing microtrichia. Additionally, known data on the hosts and distribution of the Ornithomya species are provided.
... The louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of mammals and birds. There are more than 210 species known worldwide, including 34 species in Europe (Oboňa et al. 2019(Oboňa et al. , 2023Levesque-Beaudin and Sinclair 2021;Keve et al. 2024;Gonzáles et al. 2024). Recent decades have seen a revitalized study of the Hippoboscidae, including their systematics and ecology, as well as investigations into their genomics and ability to transmit pathogens (e.g., Oboňa et al. 2019;Gałęcki et al. 2020;Werszko et al. 2020;Li et al. 2022;Yatsuk et al. 2023;Keve et al. 2024). ...
... There are more than 210 species known worldwide, including 34 species in Europe (Oboňa et al. 2019(Oboňa et al. , 2023Levesque-Beaudin and Sinclair 2021;Keve et al. 2024;Gonzáles et al. 2024). Recent decades have seen a revitalized study of the Hippoboscidae, including their systematics and ecology, as well as investigations into their genomics and ability to transmit pathogens (e.g., Oboňa et al. 2019;Gałęcki et al. 2020;Werszko et al. 2020;Li et al. 2022;Yatsuk et al. 2023;Keve et al. 2024). A modern taxonomic key to European Hippoboscidae, allowing reliable identification of 31 of the 34 species, has recently been published by Oboňa et al. (2022). ...
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Previous data on Estonian louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are dispersed across various, mainly local scientific articles and popular science writings, making them inaccessible to a broader interna‑ tional audience. No comprehensive species list or reviews are currently available. This study consolidates data from published sources, insect collections, and newly collected specimens to provide a comprehen‑ sive species list, supplemented with voucher specimen information. In total, nine species are confirmed to occur in Estonia, including two species, Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901) and O. fringillina Curtis, 1836, recorded for the first time. Two species associated with livestock, Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 and Melophagus ovinus (Linnaeus, 1758), have been rarely encountered and are apparently nearing local extinction due to the increased use of effective insecticides and a decline in farming. Collection locality maps and habitus photographs from collected specimens are provided for all nine Estonian species.
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Background Hippoboscid flies are obligate hematophagous Diptera that infest mammals and birds worldwide. Hippobosca equina , commonly known as the forest fly, primarily affects horses and is considered both a mechanical and/or biological vector of various bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by three intra-erythrocytic hemoprotozoans: Theileria equi , Babesia caballi , and the recently identified species Theileria haneyi . To date, no studies have reported the detection of any Piroplasmida in H. equina . This study provides the first evidence of the presence of T. equi and B. caballi in forest flies infesting horses in endemic areas, identified using molecular techniques. Methods A total of 170 forest flies were collected from 35 Equidae across five locations in Spain (Segovia, Madrid, Toledo, and Menorca Island). Blood samples for equine piroplasmosis (EP) testing were drawn from 27 examined horses. All insects were identified both morphologically and molecularly, and genomic DNA from each fly and their equine host blood samples was screened for EP using real-time and nested PCR. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on all obtained T. equi and B. caballi sequences. Results All collected hippoboscids were identified as H. equina using a stereomicroscope and taxonomic keys, as well as by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. Molecular screening detected T. equi DNA in 19 of 170 (11.2%) collected forest flies and B. caballi DNA in 2 of 170 (1.2%). All EP-positive flies were collected from EP-positive horses, with sequences from the flies and their equine hosts being identical. Two distinct T. equi and two B. caballi sequences were identified. Conclusions This study is the first to report the detection of T. equi and B. caballi in H. equina collected from horses. Given that approximately one-quarter of the flies sampled from EP-positive horses tested positive for the disease, sampling forest flies could be a practical method for detecting equine piroplasmosis in feral horse populations. Experimental transmission studies are required to assess the vector competence of H. equina for EP and other equine diseases.
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We present a summarization of an overview of hippoboscid flies parasitizing bird hosts in Slovakia. Six new host associations are presented in this paper: Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965 collected on Certhia familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 and Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus, 1758), Ornithomya biloba Dufour, 1827 collected on S. atricapilla, Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901) collected on Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus, 1758), and Ornithomya fringillina Curtis, 1836 collected on Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot, 1817) and A. trivialis are recorded for the first time from Slovakia.
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The first bite by deer ked Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus, 1758) on humans has been reported from Slovakia. The host was bitten on the head and neck. Pain and itching appeared immediately after the bite. The skin lesion persisted for several weeks. Although the first documented case of human stings is published here, bites may have occurred in the past, albeit rarely.
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The Canadian Diptera fauna is updated. Numbers of species currently known from Canada, total Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), and estimated numbers of undescribed or unrecorded species are provided for each family. An overview of recent changes in the systematics and Canadian faunistics of major groups is provided as well as some general information on biology and life history. A total of 116 families and 9620 described species of Canadian Diptera are reported, representing more than a 36% increase in species numbers since the last comparable assessment by JF McAlpine et al. (1979). Almost 30,000 BINs have so far been obtained from flies in Canada. Estimates of additional number of species remaining to be documented in the country range from 5200 to 20,400.
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Deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena Nitzsch, 1818 and Neolipoptena Bequaert, 1942) are parasitic flies that primarily attack cervids and occasionally bite humans. Recent reports have documented nearly half a dozen pathogens in deer keds, but it is unknown whether keds are competent vectors. Although geographic ranges of the four North American deer ked species are known generally, precise limits are not well understood. If keds are competent vectors, knowing where they occur will inform the risk of pathogen transmission to people and animals. Herein, we report deer ked occurrence by county in the United States and Canada, including 7 new state and 91 new county/parish/administrative district records. We also include a key to North American deer ked species to facilitate specimen identification.
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A pupiparous fly new to the Swiss fauna (Diptera, Hippoboscidae).—The louse-fly Orni-thoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811) is recorded for the first time from Switzerland. A unique specimen was collected from a migrant Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus captured at Col de Bretolet (canton Valais, SW Switzerland) in 2007. This case is discussed in relation with recent increase of Central European records of this species. O. turdi is also recorded as new for Romania. Résumé: Ornithoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811) est signalé pour la première fois de Suisse. Un unique spécimen a été trouvé sur un Roitelet à triple-bandeau Regulus ignicapillus migrateur captu-ré au Col de Bretolet VS (SO de la Suisse). Ce cas est discuté en relation avec l'accroissement récent d'observations de cette espèce en Europe centrale. O. turdi est également signalée pour la première fois de Roumanie. Zusammenfassung: Die Lausfliege Ornithoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811) wurde erstmals für die Schweiz nachgewiesen. Ein Exemplar wurde von einem Sommergoldhähnchen (Regulus ignicapillus) während dem Durchzug auf dem Col de Bretolet (Kanton Wallis, Südwestschweiz) gesammelt. Der Fund wird im Hinblick auf die Zunahme von Nachweisen der Art in Zentraleuropa diskutiert. O. turdi wird auch erstmals für Rumänien gemeldet.
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Background Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), a hematophagous ectoparasite, is mainly found in Europe, Northwestern Africa, and Asia. This wingless fly infests sheep, rabbits, and red foxes, and causes inflammation, wool loss and skin damage. Furthermore, this parasite has been shown to transmit diseases, and plays a role as a vector. Herein, we investigated the presence of various Rickettsia species in M. ovinus. Methods In this study, a total of 95 sheep keds were collected in Kuqa County and Alaer City southern region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. First, collected sheep keds were identified on the species level using morphological keys and molecular methods based on a fragment of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene (18S rDNA). Thereafter, to assess the presence of rickettsial DNA in sheep keds, the DNA of individual samples was screened by PCR based on six Rickettsia-specific gene fragments originating from six genes: the 17-kilodalton antigen gene (17-kDa), 16S rRNA gene (rrs), surface cell antigen 4 gene (sca4), citrate synthase gene (gltA), and outer membrane protein A and B genes (ompA and ompB). The amplified products were confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastn&PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&LINK_LOC=blasthome). ResultsAccording to its morphology and results of molecular analysis, the species was identified as Melophagus ovinus, with 100% identity to M. ovinus from St. Kilda, Australia (FN666411). DNA of Rickettsia spp. were found in 12 M. ovinus samples (12.63%, 12/95). Rickettsia raoultii and R. slovaca were confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis, although the genetic markers of these two rickettsial agents amplified in this study showed molecular diversity. Conclusions This is the first report of R. raoultii and R. slovaca DNA in M. ovinus. Rickettsia slovaca was found for the first time around the Taklimakan Desert located in China. This finding extends the geographical range of spotted fever group rickettsiae.
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The Diptera genus-group names of Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart are reviewed and annotated. A total of 399 available genus-group names in 69 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically, for each name giving author, year and page of original publication, originally included species, type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family placement, and a list of any emendations of it that have been found in the literature. Remarks are given to clarify nomenclatural or taxonomic information. In addition, an index to all the species-group names of Diptera proposed by Macquart (3,611, of which 3,543 are available) is given with bibliographic reference (year and page) to each original citation.
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The first comprehensive Kenyan hippoboscid checklist is presented. All reliable and available data of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from Kenya are summarised. First records of two species of louse flies from Kenya are given: Icosta (Icosta) mecorrhina Maa, 1964 and Ornithomya marginalis Maa, 1964. A louse fly collected from Narina's Trogon Apaloderma narina (Stephens, 1815) is published for the first time. This list increases the Kenyan species-richness of the hippoboscid fauna to 22 species.
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Host range and parasite specificity determine key epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary aspects of host–parasite interactions. Parasites are usually classified as generalists or specialists based on the number of hosts they feed on. Yet, the requirements of the various stages of a parasite may influence the suitability of a given host species. Here, we investigate the generalist nature of three common ectoparasites (the dipteran Carnus hemapterus and two species of louse flies, Pseudolynchia canariensis and Ornithophila metallica ), exploiting two avian host species (the European roller Coracias garrulus and the Rock pigeon Columba livia ), that frequently occupy the same breeding sites. We explore the prevalence and abundance of both the infective and the puparial stages of the ectoparasites in both host species. Strong preferences of Pseudolynchia canariensis for pigeons and of Carnus hemapterus for rollers were found. Moderate prevalence of Ornithophila metallica was found in rollers but this louse fly avoided pigeons. In some cases, the infestation patterns observed for imagoes and puparia were consistent whereas in other cases host preferences inferred from imagoes differed from the ones suggested by puparia. We propose that the adult stages of these ectoparasites are more specialist than reported and that the requirements of non-infective stages can restrict the effective host range of some parasites.
Book
A walk in the bush reveals insects visiting flowers, patrolling the air, burrowing under bark and even biting your skin. Every insect has characteristic feeding preferences and behaviours. Insects of South-Eastern Australia is a unique field guide that uses host plants and behavioural attributes as the starting point for identifying insects. Richly illustrated with colour photographs, the different species of insects found in Australia’s temperate south-east, including plant feeders, predators, parasites and decomposers, are presented. The guide is complemented by an introduction to the insects of the region, including their environment, classification, life history, feeding strategies and behaviour. Fascinating boxes on camouflage, mimicry and many other topics are also included throughout. Whether you are a field naturalist, entomologist or just want to know what’s in your backyard, Insects of South-Eastern Australia will help you to identify the insects most likely to be encountered, as well as understand the basics of their ecology and behaviour. Recipient of a 2016 Whitley Award commendation for Illustrated Guide
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Records of Hippoboscidae, Nycteribiidae and Streblidae collected in Japan were presented. Data for localities, dates, collectors were given for all the specimens examined. The following seven species were recorded from Japan for the first time with an undescribed Phthiridium sp.; Ornithomya comosa, Ornithomya fuscipennis, Icosta holoptera omnisetosa, Icosta maquilingensis, Icosta sensilis sensilis, Nycteribia pleuralis, Nycteribia uenoi. Total numbers of species recorded from Japan count 26 for Hippoboscidae, 11 for Nycteribiidae and 4 for Streblidae. All the species recorded from Japan were tabulated with summarized information about hosts and distribution in Japan for each species. Host preference and geographical distribution of bat flies in Japan have become rather clear but information for species of Hippoboscidae is still fragmentary.