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Cultivation and Medicinal Properties of Giloy [Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers]

June 2019

Authors:

Ashish Kumar

CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Jnanesha A C.

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (family: Menispermaceae) commonly known as “Amrita” or” Guduchi” of “Giloy” a climbing shrub found throughout India. The stems and roots are an integral constituent of several compound preparations. The species is endemic to India and is common throughout tropical and subtropical zones at an altitude of 600 m. The plant distributed throughout the tropical region of India up to 1,200m above sea level from Kumaon to Assam, in north extending through West Bengal, Bihar, Deccan, Kankan, Karnataka and Kerala. It is indigenous to areas of India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Borneo, Vietnam, Bangladesh, North Africa, and South Africa. 7-10 It is typically grown in deciduous and dry forests at elevations up to 1000fit.

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ISSN 972-7027X

AGROBIOS NEWSLETTER Publishing Date || 01 June 2019

VOL. NO. XVIII, ISSUE NO. 01 57

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

Chemical compound Crop Plant part Effects

Sulphoraphane Broccoli Broccoli sprouts Shows anti cancerous property

Etanol ,3 hydroxy-

2-Butanone, 2,3-butanediol

Broccoli Broccoli sprouts Gives characteristic flavor

Apiole Parsley Seeds and leaves Gives characteristic taste and flavor and Consumed

only in small amounts otherwise, it is toxic

Furocoumarins Parsnip Roots Carcinogenic but used to melanise

depigmented skin and in treating psoriasis

Oxalic acid Amaranthus,

Rhubarb,

spinach

Leaves Forms stones (calcium oxalate) in urinary bladder

Saponins Spinach Leaves Glucosides with foaming characters help to reduce

blood cholesterol, reduce the risk of cancer. But in

the high amount they may haemolyse red blood cells

Insulin Jerusalem

artichoke

Tubers Preferred by diabetic patients

Oleo stearic acid Kakrol Seeds Synthesis of lipids

Triterpenoids saponin kakrol Roots Used as a substitute for soap

Conclusion: Vegetables provide basic nutrition

that keeps cells young and vital. Eating vegetables

helps to reduce neuronal degeneration in the body.

The potential importance of these compounds

in reducing cancer risk is also supported by over-

whelming epidemiological evidence showing a

protective effect of consumption of vegetables on

cancer risk. So, we must give more importance to

the consumption of fresh vegetables along with

chemical compounds present in it.

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

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38. Cultivation and Medicinal Properties of

Giloy [Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers]

ASHISH KUMAR, JNANESHA A. C.*AND SOUDAMALLA NAGARAJU

*CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Boduppal,

Hyderabad-500092, India

Corresponding Authors email: jnangowda@gmail.com; devashish121@gmail.com

Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (family:

Menispermaceae) commonly known as “Amrita”

or” Guduchi” of “Giloy” a climbing shrub found

throughout India. The roots and stems contain

several secondary metabolites having curative

properties. The species is endemic to India and

is common throughout tropical and subtropical

zones at an altitude of 600 m. The plant distributed

throughout the tropical region of India up to 1,200m

above sea level from Kumaon to Assam, in north

extending through West Bengal, Bihar, Deccan,

Kankan, Karnataka and Kerala. It is indigenous to

areas of India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand,

Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Borneo, Vietnam,

Bangladesh, North Africa, and South Africa. 7-10 It

is typically grown in deciduous and dry forests at

elevations up to 1000fit.

Botanical Description

The tree is a large, a deciduous plant that grows

to 1 meter (3.3 feet) high and 0.5meters (1.65 feet)

wide extensively spreading climbing shrub with

several elongated twining branches. Giloy Leaves

simple, exstipulate, alternate, long petioles up to 15

cm long, pulvinate, roundish, both at the base and

apex with the basal one longer and twisted partially

and halfway around. Lamina ovate-cordate or

broadly ovate, 15-20 cm long and 10-15 cm broad, 7

nerved & deeply cordate at base, pubescent above,

membranous, whitish tomatoes with a prominent

reticulum beneath. T. cordifolia flowers are having

unisexual, having greenish yellow on axillary and

terminal racemes and have clustered Male flowers

and solitary female. Sepals 6, free in two series of

three each, the outer ones are smaller than the

inner. Petals 6 free is smaller than sepals, obovate

and membranous. Fruits aggregate of 1-3, ovoid

smooth drupelets on a thick stalk with subterminal

style scars, scarlet or orange coloured.

Medicinal Properties of Tinospora cordifolia

This plant has great potential for developing useful

Publishing Date || 01 June 2019 AGROBIOS NEWSLETTER

58 VOL. NO. XVIII, ISSUE NO. 01

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

drugs. The leaves extract has shown anti-HIV 1

activity. Thus, it can be said that biological extract

from this plant will certainly be helpful in protecting

and treating various viral diseases in humans. T.

cordifolia has an importance in traditional ayurvedic

medicine used for ages in the treatment of fever,

chronic diarrhea, cancer, jaundice, dysentery, bone

fracture, pain, asthma, skin disease, poisonous

insect, snake bite, eye disorders. A dry bark of T.

cordifolia has anti-spasmodic, antipyretic, anti-

allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-leprotic

properties. T. cordifolia contains with high fibre

(15.8%), protein (4.5%-11.2%), carbohydrate

(61.66%), and low fat (3.1%). T. cordifolia nutritive

value is 292.54 calories per 100 grams. It has high

potassium (0.845%), high chromium (0.006%),

sufficient iron (0.28%) and sufficient calcium

(0.131%), important in various regulatory functions.

FIG: Plant stem and leaves of Tinospora cordifolia

Cultivation Technology

The T. cordifolia plants grow in the tropical and

subtropical climate. The plants grow well in Light-

medium sandy loam soil rich in organic matter

and with adequate drainage, are suitable for its

cultivation (Kumar and Jnanesha, 2017). It does not

tolerate high rainfall or waterlogged conditions. The

land is ploughed, harrowed, and made weed-free.

A basal dose of FYM (farmyard manure) 10 tonnes

per hectare and half dose of nitrogen (75 kg) are

applied at the time of land preparation. T. cordifolia

can be propagated by seeds and also vegetative

cuttings. Stem cuttings are the best planting

material for raising a commercial crop. The cuttings

can be obtained from mother plants in May–June.

The cuttings of the small finger thickness with 6

to 8-inch length long stem having 2 or 3 nodes are

used. The healthy plants stem cuttings are sown

directly in the ready field. Promotion of rooting of

shoot cuttings by exogenous auxins application in

several species has been reported (Hartmann et

al., 1997). The Nursery method for plants cutting

planted in the poly bags of 4-inch ×6-inch size

during Feb-March. The poly bags filled with mud,

sand and dry cow dung or vermicompost in the

ratio 1:1:1. The rooting of the cuttings takes almost

15 to 25 days. The cuttings of T. cordifolia will be

ready for planting into the main field by this time

in the month of May-June. About 2500 cuttings

are required for plantation in one hectare of land.

Optimum spacing of 3 m × 3 m is recommended

for better yield. The plant requires support to grow,

which can be provided by raising wooden stakes

or trellis. Already growing shrubs or trees can

also support the plants. It’s good some support

preferably trees like Neem and Mango trees. Such

plants are supposed to possess better medicinal

values. The crop is grown under rain-fed conditions.

However, occasional irrigation during extremes of

cold and hot weather may help the crop survive

adverse conditions. The stem is harvested during

autumn when it develops to a diameter of more

than 2.5 cm. Basal part is left for further growth. The

stem should be cut into small pieces and dried in

the shade. It can be stored in gunny bags and kept

in cool and airy storage godowns. Stem bark peels

off even by touch. Thus, stem should be cut very

cautiously as peeled stem decays very soon. On an

average farmer are getting an average yield of 8-10

q./ha and the rate for a kg. of dried stem ranges

from Rs. 25-35.

Conclusion: T. cordifolia has high medicinal

value in the world and is also the number one

recommended natural herb for the Indian system

of medicine (ISM). In fact, in Egyptians, Chinese,

Indian, Greek, Roman and Hebrew have given the

high status of importance to this medicinal property.

There is a needed to develop more agriculture

technologies for the T. cordifolia, by which farmers

can earn more profit by cultivating the T. cordifolia

as medicinal crop in the future.

References

Ashish Kumar and Jnanesha. A.C., 2017. Cultivation,

Utilization and Role of Medicinal Plants in

Tradition Medicine in Deccan Eco-climate. Int. J.

on Agric. Sci., 8 (1): 98-103.

Hartmann H.T, Kester D.E, Davies F.T and Geneve

RL. 1997. Plant propagation principles and

practices. 6th edn. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi. pp.276-238.

Singh J, Sinha K, Sharma A, Mishra N.P and Khanuja

S.P., 2003. Traditional uses of Tinospora cordifolia

(Guduchi) J. Med Aromat plant Sci; 25: 748-51.

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