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Sesame pests - a review, part 1 WP1
Abstract and Figures
Part 1. The project started with the 17 insect pests affecting sesame in the 2004 IPGRI and NBPGR Descriptors for Sesame (Sesamum spp.). Reviewing over 350 documents produced another 282 insect pests. There are probably more to add in the future. This has been broken into 2 parts due to the sizes of the file in Word.
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... Polifag bir avcı olan C. carnea yaprakbitleri, unlubitler, akarlar, thripsler, yaprak pireleri, antepfıstığı psillidi gibi pek çok küçük ve yumuşak vücutlu eklem bacaklının yanısıra bazı lepidopter yumurta ve larvalarının avcısıdır (Hassan et al. 1985;Hagley, 1989;Atlıhan et al. 2004;Hassanpour et al. 2009;Huang & Enkegaard 2010;Rouhani & Samih 2012;Shresthaa & Enkegaard 2013;Messelink et al. 2016). Günümüzde, özellikle örtüaltı üretiminde zararlılara karşı uygulanan doğal düşmanların kitle halinde üretilip salımı şeklindeki biyolojik mücadele programlarında önemli bir pazar payına sahiptir (van Lenteren 2012 (Culik & Gullan 2005;Kaydan et al. 2013;Ibrahim et al. 2015;Gebregergis 2018;Spodek et al. 2018;Langham 2019). Yumurtaların kese içinde olması; nimf ve ergin vücudunun ise mum tabakasıyla kaplanmış olması, P. solenopsis'le kimyasal mücadeleyi güçleştirmektedir (Sahito et al. 2011). ...
Polifag bir zararlı olan Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), üretimi yapılan çok sayıda bitkide ürün kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Yumurtaların kese içinde, nimf ve ergin bireylerin mum tabakasıyla kaplanmış olması, zararlının kimyasal mücadelesini güçleştirmektedir. Altın gözlü avcı böcek Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) biyolojik mücadele uygulamalarında kullanılan polifag bir avcıdır. Bu çalışmada, P. solenopsis’in biyolojik mücadelesinde, C. carnea’nın kullanılabilme olanakları araştırılmıştır. Denemeler, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında, iklim odası (26±5°C sıcaklık, %65±10 orantılı nem ve 16:8 A:K) ve serada, içerisinde P. solenopsis ile bulaşık patlıcan bitkileri bulunan kafeslerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Avcı salımları iklim odası ve sera için sırasıyla bitki başına 6-10 ve 9-15 adet larva olacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Avcı larvaları zararlı ile beslenmiş ve tüm salım oranlarında P. solenopsis sayılarının kontrolden düşük olmasını sağlamıştır. Kontrolde yaprak başına ortalama 300 adede ulaşan zararlı yoğunluğu, en düşük salım oranında dahi yaprak başına ortalama 150 adedin üzerine çıkamamıştır. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen bulgular C. carnea’nın P. solenopsis’in biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
This paper records the occurrence of pentatomids Acrosternum sp., Edessa sp., Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758), and Thyantha perditor (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) feeding on sesame plants Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) at Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
KEY WORDS:
Brazil; Pentatomidae; phytophagy; Sesamum indicum
Poblaciones naturales de Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) frecuentemente han controlado plagas en el campo. Actualmente en Colombia se produce el parásito comercialmente para liberación en el campo con el fin de controlar varias especies de plagas lepidópteras. El presente estudio da a conocer algunas observaciones sobre Trichogramma que pueden ser útiles para su uso económico. En el laboratorio Trichogramma no parasitó posturas de Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sobre follaje de ajonjolí, aunque parasitó el 63% de las mismas colocadas sobre papel. Las avispas caminaron con mucha dificultad sobre la superficie vellosa de las hojas y volaron después de pocos segundos sin encontrar las posturas de A. catalaunalis. En tabaco la vellocidad viscosa de la planta atrapó a los Trichogramma cuando éstas tocaron su superficie. En el algodonero se ha observado mayor parasitismo en posturas de Alabama argillacea (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) que en las de Heliothis spp (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Esto se debió a que Trichogramma recorrió con mayor frecuencia las hojas lisas de la planta, donde se encuentra la mayoría de las posturas de A. argillacea y recorrió con menor frecuencia los terminales vellosos, donde se halla la mayoría de las posturas de Heliothis. La relación entre el parasitismo de posturas de H. virescens (Fabricius) por Trichogramma en 5 plantas huéspedes silvestres fue inversa con la cantidad de tricomas viscosas en la planta. La proporción de hembras a machos mostró una relación directa con el número de Trichogramma que salieron de la postura del huésped, en 6 especies de huéspedes, por la siguiente ecuación: H = 1,04A - 0,46; donde H representa el promedio de hembras por macho, y A es el promedio de Trichogramma por postura de huésped. El uso de tela para liberar Trichogramma en el campo originó que muchos adultos del parásito se enredaran en las fibras. Este problema se evitó con el empleo de hojas plásticas y follaje liso del mismo cultivo en que se hizo la liberación.
Mango is grown in India for wide
adaptability, higher nutritive value, delicious
taste excel lent f lavour and at t ract ive
appearance. Mango plants are infested with
various insects, right from nursery to old
orchard and severely affected mango yield and
fruit quality. 45 percent of total insects
affecting mango are found in India and Mealy
bug, hopper, fruit flies, shoot gall psylla, Bark
eating caterpillar are main pests observed in
var ious orchard of Pusa, Bihar. The
management of Mealy bug, hopper and fruit
flies are being given here (in brief) for the
benefit of orchardists.
Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco S39 (S39) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S39 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in many geographical locations. S39 is very well suited for South Texas.
Shoot webber and gallly incidence and phyllody infection wore assessed in 12 monthly sowings in gingelly during 1974-75. February. March and April sowings showed shoot webber infestation ranging from 10.4 to 16.9 per cent followed by a sharp decline in post activity in May to August sowings. The infestation increased in September to November sowings; the highest damage of 23.0 per cent was observed in October sown crop. Gallfly infestation was high in December and January sowings (23.3 and 21.3 per cent pod damage) while damage by this pest was absent in sowings from February to April. There was 63.6 per cent incidence in June sowing and the same ranged from 24.5 to 38.2 per cent in July, August, September and November sowings. The phyllody inci- dence was least in January, February and September sowings ranging from 0.21 to 0.83 per cent and the highest incidence of 33.9 per cent was observed in November sowing.
An investigation was carried out with three sesame genotypes resistant to pod borer (Antigastra catalaunalis Dup.). The genotypes were crossed with ruling varieties to evaluate their combining ability and heterosis performance for the pod borer resistance. The parents Si 3315/11 and Co I could be utilised as donors in the hybridisation programme to infuse pod borer resistance. The immense valuable heterotic Si 3315/11 x Co 1 hybrid could be exploited in heterosis breeding programme to get desirable segregants with pod borer resistance since it registered high per se performance. SCA effect. high heterosis and involved parents of good combiners.
Two hundred and thirty nine sesame germplasm lines were screened to develop methodology and to identify resistance to the sesame pod bug, Elasmolomus sordidus under natural field condition during 1995 (Trial I) and a trial of 81 entries including seven resistant cultures of first trial, eight pre release cultures and 34 advanced breeding materials and eight multi location cultures were also screened for their reaction to SPB during Kharif 1996 (Trial II) at Agricultural Research Station, Virinjipuram. The screening was done based on the bug population and per cent pod damage. But the pod damage due to SPB was given more weightage than to bug population, since the damage to reproductive part is reflected more on yield. In the Trial I, of the 239 germplasm evaluated, only seven were grouped as resistant, while another 24 were classified as moderately resistant and the rest were susceptible. In the Trial II none of the entries including seven resistant and 24 moderately resistant lines of Trial I was categorised as either resistant or moderately resistant. In general absolute resistance source was not found in any of them.
This book presents experiences and successful case studies of integrated pest management (IPM) from developed and developing countries and from major international centres and programmes. It contains 39 chapters by many contributors addressing themes such as: emerging issues in IPM, including biotechnology, pesticide policies and socioeconomic considerations (8 chapters); country experiences from Africa, Asia, North and South America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand (20 chapters); and regional and international experiences, including those of FAO, USAID, ICIPE, CIRAD, the World Bank and CGIAR Systemwide IPM Program (9 chapters). This book will be of significant interest to those working in the areas of crop protection, entomology and pest management.