In this article it is proposed as general objective the realization of a historical-political analysis to the legitimating principles that justified the coup d'état and the subsequent military civil dictatorship that was established in Chile in 1973. It is proposed as a research hypothesis that the project of the Escuela Nacional Unificada of the Unidad Popular government, which sought from the
... [Show full abstract] school system the construction of a "new man" - without God - was the main legitimating antecedent that finally incited civilians and right-wing military to disrupt the constitutionality of the State. Subsequent to this event, the coup authorities were concerned to sacralize from the cultural sphere their own matrix of legitimating principles, which politically should be studied as ideology and theologically as religious doctrinaire. The above statement is relevant as an object of study, since it undoubtedly has significant implications in the current political, social and economic development of Chile.