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Abstract

How do journalists around the world view their roles and responsibilities in society? Based on a landmark study that has collected data from more than 27,500 journalists in 67 countries, Worlds of Journalism offers a groundbreaking analysis of the different ways journalists perceive their duties, their relationship to society and government, and the nature and meaning of their work. Challenging assumptions of a universal definition or concept of journalism, the book maps a world populated by a rich diversity of journalistic cultures. Organized around a series of key questions on topics such as editorial autonomy, journalistic ethics, trust in social institutions, and changes in the profession, it details how the practice of journalism differs across the world in a range of political, social, and economic contexts. The book covers how journalism as an institution is created and re-created by journalists and how they experience their profession in very different ways, even as they retain a commitment to some basic, widely shared professional norms and practices. It concludes with a global classification of journalistic cultures that reflects the breadth of worldviews and orientations found in disparate countries and regions. Worlds of Journalism offers an ambitious, comparative global understanding of the state of journalism in a time when it is confronting a series of economic and political threats.
How do journalists around the world view their roles and respon-
sibilities in society? Based on a landmark study that has collected
data from more than 27,500 journalists in 67 countries, Worlds of
Journalism offers a groundbreaking analysis of the different ways
journalists perceive their duties, their relationship to society and
government, and the nature and meaning of their work.
Challenging assumptions of a universal definition or concept of
journalism, the book maps a world populated by a rich diver-
sity of journalistic cultures. Organized around a series of key
questions on topics such as editorial autonomy, journalistic eth-
ics, trust in social institutions, and changes in the profession, it
details how the practice of journalism differs across the world
in a range of political, social, and economic contexts. The book
covers how journalism as an institution is created and re-created
by journalists and how they experience their profession in very
different ways, even as they retain a commitment to some basic,
widely shared professional norms and practices. It concludes with
a global classification of journalistic cultures that reflects the
breadth of worldviews and orientations found in disparate coun-
tries and regions. Worlds of Journalism offers an ambitious, com-
parative global understanding of the state of journalism in a time
when it is confronting a series of economic and political threats.
$35.00 / £27.00 paper · 978-0-231-18643-8
$105.00 / £81.00 cloth · 978-0-231-18642-1
$34.99 / £27.00 ebook · 978-0-231-54663-8
JUNE 2019 448 pages
Worlds of Journalism
Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe
Thomas Hanitzsch, Folker Hanusch,
Jyotika Ramaprasad,
and Arnold S. de Beer, editors
THOMAS HANITZSCH is chair and professor of communication in
the Department of Communication and Media at LMU Munich. His
publications include The Handbook of Journalism Studies (second
edition, 2019). FOLKER HANUSCH is professor of journalism in the
Department of Communication at the University of Vienna, where
he heads the Journalism Studies Center, and adjunct professor
at Queensland University of Technology. He is editor in chief of
Journalism Studies. JYOTIKA RAMAPRASAD is professor in the
School of Communication at the University of Miami. Her books
include Contemporary BRICS Journalism: Non-Western Media in
Transition (2017). ARNOLD S. DE BEER is professor of journal-
ism at Stellenbosch University. His publications include Global
Journalism: Topical Issues and Media Systems (2009).
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“This will be a touchstone work for decades to come. It is not an
overstatement to say that this book is entirely unique; it’s spe-
cial because of the detailed discussion of national and regional
contexts. Worlds of Journalism contributes to the truly global
and international perspective of journalism, avoiding normativ-
ity and emphasizing diversity using a unique and comprehensive
dataset.”
—Henrik Örnebring, author of Newsworkers: A Comparative
European Perspective
“This book provides a kaleidoscopic overview of journalism
around the world. Its organization and execution provides a
model for comparative research, and its findings raise important
questions that are sure to orient future scholarship. Already well-
regarded by colleagues, this publication solidifies the Worlds of
Journalism project as a leading effort to make sense of the com-
plex realities that journalists around the world confront today.”
—Matthew Powers, University of Washington
“One of the key elements of this anthology is an effort to make
journalism studies truly global and comparative. . . . I recommend
this book for its scope and theoretical execution. It is a must-read
for all journalism scholars.”
—Shakuntala Rao, author of Indian Journalism in a New Era
Worlds of Journalism is ample proof of the diversity of journalis-
tic cultures around the globe and an excellent example of a truly
collaborative study. It provides fascinating insights into the atti-
tudes and values of media personnel beyond the western world.
The book is a must-read in journalism research.
—Barbara Pfetsch, editor of Political Communication Cultures in
Western Europe: Attitudes of Political Actors and Journalists in
Nine Countries
... Former presidents José Sarney (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989) and Fernando Collor de Mello ( 1990-1992 serve as illustrative examples of this phenomenon (Porto, 2016). This reflects a distinctive approach compared to the Western world, where journalists often emphasize the separation of powers (Hanitzsch et al., 2019b). ...
... At the same time, journalistic practices in Spanish media are characterized mainly by an interventionist profile, a high presence of the watchdog role, and a conceptualization of the audience as citizens, manifested by a higher presence of the civic role (Humanes and Roses, 2018). Hanitzsch et al. (2019) found that Spanish journalists fit into the so-called Western journalistic culture category (alongside Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the United States). The functions with which Spanish journalists more strongly agreed were to be a detached observer, present interesting information, provide citizens with political information, act as a watchdog of the government, and motivate people to participate in civic activities. ...
... The overall weak media governance and legal framework, the deep-rooted, extensive networks among media, politics, and business, and the lack of diversity and genuine autonomy in mainstream journalism continue to curtail the potential of Japanese media and lead to a public discourse significantly influenced by political and business interests. This notable divergence between legal theory and actual state of media practice in Japan, together with the longlasting, historically grounded ambiguous relationship between media and politics, complicates a clear-cut categorization within existing models of media systems or journalistic cultures (Hallin & Mancini, 2012;Hanitzsch et al., 2019). ...
Chapter
Japan represents a highly developed and sophisticated media landscape: The country's centuries-long history of a vibrant media culture, the omnipresence of mass communication in contemporary Japanese society, and the volume and variety of media output are undeniably overwhelming. This chapter presents the media landscape of an East-Asian nation boasting the fourth largest economy in the world. It primarily focuses on the close relationship between Japanese mainstream media, politics, and business and explains how this undermines media independence and information pluralism despite nominal constitutional protection of press freedom. The chapter explains how the digital transformation is about to upend the legacy media's dominance in the public sphere. The overwhelming quantity of media services and content output is evidence of the enormous popularity and the powerful standing of media in Japanese society. Mainstream media discourse, especially related to the political sphere, tends to marginalize female voices and shy away from actively promoting diversity.
Article
本研究从学缘结构视角出发,对2007—2020年共10届长江韬奋奖获得者的教育信息与就业选择进行实证分析,重点关注获奖者来源高校的数量、层次、类型、专业及新闻专业评级等特征,并利用卡方检验分析学缘结构与新闻从业者就业选择的关系。研究发现,高校层次、新闻专业评级与从业者就业单位层次存在显著的正相关关系,这两个指标越高就业者越倾向选择全国性媒体发展;专业类别、新闻专业评级与从业者就业单位类型存在显著相关关系,新闻专业教育在不同媒体类型中表现出的专业竞争优势不同。实证研究明确了新闻专业教育与新闻从业者就业选择的显著相关关系,凸显了新闻教育与成才培养间的紧密联系,以及遵循新闻专业发展与新文科建设规律,创新人才培养模式的重要性。
Chapter
Full-text available
Based on focus groups with 77 boys, girls, and non-binary teenagers across Yorkshire, this chapter explores young people’s engagement with menstruation on social media and in news media. It focuses on memes, news stories, and advertisements. This chapter argues that social media and news media perpetuate misinformation, menstrual stigma, and a narrow view of lived experiences of menstruation. This chapter demonstrates that, through minimising menstrual pain and portraying a monolithic view of menstruation, advertisements can negatively impact the wellbeing of girls and other young people who menstruate. Nevertheless, this chapter also indicates that the visibility of menstruation on social media and news media is encouraging young people to view menstruation as a normal topic of discussion. Memes, for example, albeit sometimes perpetuating pejorative stereotypes, are having a positive influence on young people through encouraging them to question menstrual stigma, feel a sense of collective identity, share their menstrual experiences, or engage in mixed-gender discussion about menstruation. Hence, as this chapter argues, it is humour, rather than explicitly politically driven communication, that is most significantly contributing to both the normalisation of menstruation and young people’s perceptions of menstrual experience.
Preprint
Full-text available
This entry provides an overview of the major journalistic values, both in Western and non-Western countries. While numerous theoretical frameworks exist, this entry focuses mainly on normative theories of the media and cultural and comparative approaches. These theories show the existence of recurrent values in journalism practice and identity: truth, accuracy, independence, public interest, monitorial role, credibility and public forum. While these values are generally accepted by journalists, key differences still exist depending on the political and socio-cultural context. I therefore devote special attention to non-Western cultures and their journalistic values, such as social harmony, collectiveness, solidarity and deference to powers. The theoretical framework for this part relates to journalistic cultures (Hanitzsch et al., 2019) and media systems (Hallin & Mancini, 2004). I conclude by detailing some open questions for future research.
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