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The problem of acute pesticide poisonings of agricultural workers in ukraine under the conditions of the new business patterns
Abstract
Objective:
Introduction: Due to introduction of new forms of agriculture and transformation of the treatment and preventive service in recent years, there has been a false impression of a sharp decrease in the level of occupational morbidity among agricultural workers 30 % to 25 % in the structure of general occupational morbidity in the 80-90s down to 0.2-0.4 %. The aim: Summarize data on the prevalence, causes, structure of acute pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers at the current stages of its reform in order to improve preventive measures.
Patients and methods:
Materials and methods: Data on the prevalence, causes and structure of 647 cases of acute pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers over the past 25 years have been summarized; staff of the Scientific Toxicology Center took part in the sanitary-hygienic investigation and establishment of the diagnosis.
Results:
Results: The causes for the development, aetiology and structure of 647 cases of acute pesticide poisoning, among which 522 cases of acute poisoning of field beet growers with 2,4-D-based herbicides (80.7 %), 60 cases (9.3 %) of OPC poisoning, 36 cases of beet growers poisoning with sulphonylurea-based herbicides, 14 patients with acute synthetic pyrethroid poisoning, and isolated cases (15 patients) of intoxication with aluminium phosphide, dithiocarbamates, Vitavax, and Fipronil were analysed.
Conclusion:
Conclusions: Analysis of the causes of the development and structure of poisoning has allowed to optimize the complex of preventive measures to strengthen sanitary control over the implementation of individual and public safety hygienic regulations during storage and use of pesticides.
... Эпидемиология острых отравлений пестицидами в постсоветских странах В постсоветских странах с 90-х годов ХХ века традиционные формы ведения сельского хозяйства радикально изменились в связи с ликвидацией государственных и коллективных аграрных хозяйств. Реформирование аграрного сектора и создание мелких и крупных фермерских хозяйств сопровождалось значительными сокращением финансирования мероприятий по обеспечению безопасности производства и охраны труда, несовершенством нормативно-правовой документации по регулированию деятельности агропромышленного комплекса, недостаточной информированностью сельскохозяйственных работников и населения о рисках токсического действия применяемых пестицидов, расширением перечня разрешенных для свободной продажи на рынках инсектицидов, фунгицидов, гербицидов, родентицидов и их активным применением в быту и индивидуальных приусадебных хозяйствах [32,33]. Данные последствия реформирования рыночной экономики во многом определили причины и закономерности развития острых отравлений пестицидами. ...
... На Украине, по данным M.H. Prodanchuk еt al. [32], созданию неблагоприятных условий труда на фермерских хозяйствах способствовало несовершенство технологического процесса, широкое применение устаревшего оборудования и техники, маломеханизированных трудовых операций и преобладание ручного труда, особенно при выращивании сахарной свеклы, садов и виноградников, а также ухудшение обеспечения работающих средствами индивидуальной защиты. Анализ этиологии и структуры 647 случаев острых отравлений пестицидами у сельскохозяйственных работников за 25-летний период наблюдения выявил 522 случая (80,7%) острых отравлений гербицидами на основе 2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусной кислоты, 60 случаев (9,3%) отравлений фосфорорганическими инсектицидами, 36 случаев (5,7%) -гербицидами на основе сульфонилмочевины, 14 случаев (2,2%) -синтетическими пиретроидами и 15 единичных случаев отравлений фосфидом алюминия, дитиокарбаматами (действующие вещества карбоксин и тирам), фипронилом (химический класс пиразолинов). ...
Introduction. The widespread use of pesticides, which ensures the sustainable development of agriculture and global economic growth, necessitates the constant monitoring of their harmful effects on human health and the environment.
Objective. To analyze and systemically review scientific publications on the prevalence of acute pesticide poisoning and trends in their use in order to identify the causes and structure of acute pesticide poisoning at the present time.
Materials and methods. A search of the scientific literature is carried out in electronic bibliographic databases in the Russian (eLibrary, CyberLeninka) and English (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library) languages.
Results. The risks of pesticide poisoning remain high in many countries of the world among both adults and children. In the structure of acute pesticide poisoning, household and suicidal poisoning with organophosphate and halogenated insecticides, anticoagulant rodenticides and pyrethroids are prevalent. Poisonings that occur at mass-, group- and family levels often have fatal outcomes, whether among agricultural workers or urban residents. The problem of acute poisoning with extremely dangerous limited-use substances based on aluminum or zinc phosphide is relevant not only in industrial agriculture, but also under domestic conditions and when working in personal subsidiary farms.
Conclusions. Strengthening controls and ensuring strict compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards of individual and public safety in the storage, use and disposal of pesticides, as well as combating their illegal trafficking, will minimize the risks of acute poisoning involving pesticides under industrial and domestic conditions.
Objective
This scoping review was conducted to identify studies on insecticide usage practices, the types of health impacts experienced, and the factors contributing to insecticide exposures among farmers and farm workers.
Methods
Four electronic databases – Web of Sciences, Medline, PubMed and Scopus – were used to search relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2011 and 2021 that reported on farmer/farmworkers’ insecticide usage and health impacts resulting from exposure. The extracted studies were then assessed against eligibility criteria to provide the final studies considered in this scoping review.
Results
The initial search result of 2123 articles yielded 177 studies; the majority reporting on acute rather than chronic health impacts. Approximately three quarters of the studies were conducted in less developed countries, 50% in Asia, 15% in Africa and 12% in South America. The predominant acute effects were found to be headache and irritation of skin and eyes, whereas chronic effects were more commonly cancer, reproductive/developmental or neurological. Inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was one of the major factors contributing to insecticide exposure, reported in 70 (40%) peer-reviewed articles in this review.
Conclusions
This review identified the major contributory factors to insecticide exposure and harm to health. It highlighted the need for further research on impediments to the safe use of insecticides and mitigation of health risks, which need to be addressed for safe insecticide application in agriculture.
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